Effects of Viscous and Joules Dissipation on MHD Flow, Heat and Mass Transfer past a Stretching Porous Surface Embedded in a Porous Medium

This paper investigates the influence of both viscous and joules dissipation on the problem of magnetohydrodynamic flow past a stretching porous surface embedded in a porous medium. Analytic solutions of the resulting nonlinear non-homogeneous boundary value problem in the case when the plate stretches with a velocity varying linearly with distance, expressed in terms of confluent hypergeometric functions, are presented for the case of prescribed surface temperature. Numerical calculations have been carried out for various values of suction parameter, magnetic field, Prandtl number, Eckert number and Schmidt number. The results show that increases in magnetic parameter decrease both the dimensionless transverse velocity, longitudinal velocity and also the skin friction coefficient. Also, formation of thin boundary layer is observed for higher value of magnetic parameter

Racial Disparities in Breast Cancer Survival: The Mediating Effects of Macro-Social Context and Social Network Factors

ABSTRACT This study attempts to clarify the associations between macro-social and social network factors and continuing racial disparities in breast cancer survival. The study improves on prior methodologies by using a neighborhood disadvantage measure that assesses both economic and social disadvantage and an ego-network measurement tool that assesses key social network characteristics. Our population-based sample included 786 breast cancer patients (nHWhite=388; nHBlack=398) diagnosed during 2005-2008 in Chicago, IL. The data included census-derived macro-social context, self-reported social network, self-reported demographic and medically abstracted health measures. Mortality data from the National Death Index (NDI) were used to determine 5-year survival. Based on our findings, neighborhood concentrated disadvantage was negatively associated with survival among nHBlack and nHWhite breast cancer patients. In unadjusted models, social network size, network density, practical support, and financial support were positively associated with 5-year survival. However, in adjusted models only practical support was associated with 5-year survival. Our findings suggest that the association between network size and breast cancer survival is sensitive to scaling of the network measure, which helps to explain inconsistencies in past findings. Social networks of nHWhites and nHBlacks differed in size, social support dimensions, network density, and geographic proximity. Among social factors, residence in disadvantaged neighborhoods and unmet practical support explained some of the racial disparity in survival. Differences in late stage diagnosis and comorbidities between nHWhites and nHBlacks also explained some of the racial disparity in survival. Our findings highlight the relevance of social factors, both macro and inter-personal in the racial disparity in breast cancer survival. Findings suggest that reduced survival of nHBlack women is in part due to low social network resources and residence in socially and economically deprived neighborhoods. Our findings indicate that, to improve survival among breast cancer patients, policies need to focus on continued improvement of access to care and reduction of racially patterned social and economic hardship. Additionally, our findings support the need for health care providers to assess social support resources of breast cancer patients at the time of diagnosis

A REVIEW OF MILLETS DIET AS A TRADITIONAL APPROACH TO PCOS (GARPAVAAYU) MANAGEMENT

A common hormonal condition that affects women during their reproductive years is polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). The clinical features quoated for Garpavaayu more or less correlates with the symptoms of (PCOS) Polycystic ovary syndrome. Garpavaayu comes under the diseases of Vaatham. The human body contains three humours. In this Increased vatham obstructs Abanan and develops problem in regular menstrual cycle. The significance of taste is more focused on health and wellbeing in Siddha tradition. Taste influences how we perceive food and functions as a therapeutic tool. It is crucial in determining how different foods affect the balance of our bodies. According to Siddha science, there are five fundamental elements that make up everything in the universe. "Food itself is medicine and medicine itself is food," is the fundamental tenet of Siddha science. These fundamental components are also found in the six tastes of food materials.  The taste of Inippu (sweet) can be taken to reduce vaatham. Therefore, the qualities opponent to the qualities of vaatham can be adviced. Millets can play a beneficial role in the management of PCOS (Garpavaayu). As per, Siddha literatures the taste of Inippu (sweet) millets Like Sorghum (Solam), Pearl millet (Kambu), Kodo millet (Varagu), Finger millet (Kelvaragu), Wheat (Gothumai), Little millet (Saamai) can be taken if vaatham is reduced. In this article, we'll discuss how PCOS-affected women can emphasize a healthy diet by including traditional millets in their daily diet plans

ANTIOXIDANT ACTIVITY AND HEPATOPROTECTIVE POTENTIAL OF BALANITES ROXBURGHII FRUITS

ABSTRACTObjectives: The objective of the present study was to evaluate antioxidant activity and hepatoprotective potential of a hydroalcoholic extract ofBalanites roxburghii (BR) fruits.Methods: Extraction was performed by triple maceration using ethanol:water as a solvent. The extracts were vaporated using rotavapor. Thenantioxidant capacities were tested using superoxide, hydroxyl, and 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radicals. Determination of hepatoprotectivemodel was performed by thiocetamide induced liver models.Results: The hydroalcoholic extract of BR fruits produced a dose-dependent percentage inhibition on tested free radicals, i.e., superoxide anion(50% inhibition concentrations [IC50] value 190.50 μg/ml), hydroxyl radical (IC50 value 266.30 μg/ml), and DPPH radical (IC50 value 175 μg/ml). Aftertreatment with silymarin and hydroalcoholic extract of BR in respective groups, they had showed good protection against thioacetamide induced livertoxicity.Conclusion: The results of the present investigation clearly indicate the free radical scavenging activity and hepatoprotective potential of ahydroalcoholic extract of BR fruits and this activity is comparable with that of the standard drugs ascorbic acid and silymarin.Keywords: Balanites roxburghii, Antioxidant activity, Hepatoprotective activity, Ascorbic acid

Hepatoprotective and antioxidant capacity of Melochia corchorifolia extracts

AbstractObjectiveTo evaluate hepato protective and antioxidant capacity of Melochia corchorifolia (M. corchorifolia) aerial part extracts.MethodsAntioxidant activity was evaluated by using three free radicals (Superoxide, Hydroxyl and DPPH) and hepatoprotective activity was assessed against CCl4 induced liver intoxication in rats.ResultsThe extracts produced concentration dependent percentage protection in decrease of serum enzymes and percentage inhibition on free radicals. Among all extracts methanol extract showed better activity with percentage protection of SGOT (78.98%), SGPT (79.65%), ALP (82.48%) and total bilirubin (80.0%) levels against CCl4 liver intoxication and also methanolic extract showed better activity with IC50 values on superoxide, hydroxyl and DPPH radicals were 127 μ g, 240 μ g and 179 μ g.ConclusionsFrom the results obtained during the study it could be concluded that M. corchorifolia aerial part extracts have antioxidant and hepatoprotective components. Further study is necessary for isolation and characterization of bioactive molecules which are responsible for hepatoprotective and antioxidant activity

Placement and source effects of phosphate fertilizers on phosphorus availability and reaction products in two reduced-till soils: A greenhouse study

Citation: Khatiwada, Raju, et al. “Placement and Source Effects of Phosphate Fertilizers on Phosphorus Availability and Reaction Products in Two Reduced-Till Soils: A Greenhouse Study.” Soil Science, vol. 179, no. 3, Mar. 2014, pp. 141–152. journals.lww.com, doi:10.1097/SS.0000000000000055.Crop yields are limited primarily by unavailability of nutrients in agricultural soil. Adoption of reduced tillage and no-tillage systems leads to stratification of nutrients in surface soil, so management of phosphorus (P) in these systems is a major issue. The objective of this research was to understand the influence of placement (broadcast vs. deep-placed P) and fertilizer source (granular versus liquid P) on the reaction products of P under greenhouse conditions using soil columns. Phosphorus was added at a rate of 75 kg/ha to two soils: an acid soil from Manhattan, KS, and a slightly acid to neutral soil from Ottawa, KS. At 5 weeks after P application soil pH, resin-extractable P, and speciation of P in soils were determined at different distances from the point of fertilizer application. Scanning electron microscope with energy dispersive X-ray analysis(SEM-EDXA) and synchrotron-based X-ray absorption near-edge structure (XANES) spectroscopy were used to understand P speciation. Results for P fertilizer sources and placement with respect to resin-extractable P showed no clear differences between the treatments except for granular broadcast and granular deep-placed treatments in the Ottawa soil.Reaction products formed after application of P in two soils showed some clear differences. The XANES speciation revealed that Fe-P-like forms dominated in the acidic soil, whereas adsorbed and Fe and Ca-P-like forms dominated in the neutral to slightly acid soil. No clear trends in reaction products were detected with respect to P source or the P placement method. Furthermore, SEM-EDXA analysis of incubated fertilizer granules extracted from soils at 5 weeks showed enrichment of Al, Fe, and Ca in the zones of remaining P in incubated granules, indirectly indicating that these cations enter and or remaining in the granules and begin to react with P before the granules dissolve completely

Efficiency of gamma irradiation and ethyl methane sulphonate in inducing variations in Jasminum auriculatum Vahl.

Vegetatively propagated crops like Jasminum auriculatum have a constraint in genetic variation due to a narrow genetic base that restricts the insights in any crop breeding programme. Mutation breeding is a potential tool that directs a way to create desirable variation effectively in vegetatively propagated crops. The optimum dose of mutagen is the one which produces the maximum frequency of mutation in turn the variation, with minimum killing. The aim of the present paper unveils the Lethal Dose (LD50) and the growth reduction dose (GR50) for both Gamma irradiation (GI) and Ethyl methane sulphonate (EMS) for the ecotype ‘Muthu Mullai’ of Jasminum auriculatum. These parameters of GR and EMS treated cuttings were analysed by considering the GR50 values of the mortality rate (57%, 48%), survival percentage (12.479Gy, 13.268mM), shoot length (18.59Gy, 18.28mM), root length (20.39Gy, 18.17mM), number of leaves (22.29Gy, 17.47mM), number of sprouts (22.97Gy, 16.17mM), vigour index (10.43Gy, 11.05mM), leaf length (21.61Gy, 19.90mM) and leaf width (19.2Gy, 16.17mM). The LD50 value was 12.479 Gy for GI and 13.268 mM for EMS treatment. The GR50 for different growth parameters ranged from 14.93 to 22.9 Gy for GI and 1.05 to 19.9 mM for EMS treatment. The mutagenic efficiency and effectiveness were 214.96 and 89.36 for GI and 48.66 and 33.77 for EMS treatment, respectively. These doses can be used for generating considerable variation, which can be put to use in future crop improvement programmes for Jasmine

Python I, II, and III CMB Anisotropy Measurement Constraints on Open and Flat-Lambda CDM Cosmogonies

We use Python I, II, and III cosmic microwave background anisotropy data to constrain cosmogonies. We account for the Python beamwidth and calibration uncertainties. We consider open and spatially-flat-Lambda cold dark matter cosmogonies, with nonrelativistic-mass density parameter Omega_0 in the range 0.1--1, baryonic-mass density parameter Omega_B in the range (0.005--0.029) h^{-2}, and age of the universe t_0 in the range (10--20) Gyr. Marginalizing over all parameters but Omega_0, the combined Python data favors an open (spatially-flat-Lambda) model with Omega_0 simeq 0.2 (0.1). At the 2 sigma confidence level model normalizations deduced from the combined Python data are mostly consistent with those drawn from the DMR, UCSB South Pole 1994, ARGO, MAX 4 and 5, White Dish, and SuZIE data sets.Comment: 20 pages, 7 figures, accepted by Ap

Aromatic polyamide fibres

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