Konsep Pemerintahan Menurut Pemikiran Fazlur Rahman

Dini Eko B, 2010. “Konsep Pemerintahan Menurut Pemikiran Fazlur Rahman". Skripsi Jurusan Siyasah Jinayah, Fakultas Syariah. Pembimbing: (I) Drs. H. M.Amin Dj, MA (II) Imam Alfiannor, S.Ag, M.HI\ud \ud \ud Penelitian ini dilatarbelakangi adanya pemikiran Fazlur Rahman tentang sumber kekuasaan yang bukan dari Tuhan tapi mandat rakyat dan adanya pemisahan struktur pemerintahan antara eksekutif, legislatif dan yudikatif.\ud Tujuan dilakukannya penelitian ini adalah: Pertama, mengetahui konsep sumber kekuasaan dalam pemerintahan menurut pemikiran Fazlur Rahman, dan Kedua, mengetahui konsep struktur pemerintahan dalam negara menurut pemikiran Fazlur Rahman.\ud Penelitian ini adalah penelitian kepustakaan (library research) yang bersifat studi literatur. Untuk menggali datanya digunakan teknik survey kepustakaan dan studi literatur. Selanjutnya data tersebut dianalisis secara kualitatif.\ud Data yang diperoleh: Pertama, konsep sumber kekuasaan dalam pemerintahan menurut pemikiran Fazlur Rahman bahwa sumber kekuasaan dalam pemerintahan merupakan mandat dari rakyat, yaitu dari masyarakat Muslim, bukan mandat dari Tuhan. Berdasarkan contoh yang pernah tercatat dalam sejarah pengangkatan Abu bakar sebagai Khalifah, yang isinya menegaskan ia menerima mandat kekuasaan dari rakyat. Dalam impelementasinya harus mengacu kepada prinsip-prinsip yang diajarkan Al-Qur’an dan sunnah. Kedua, konsep struktur pemerintahan dalam negara terdiri dari: badan eksekutif, badan legislatif, dan badan yudikatif. Dalam struktur pemerintahan tersebut kepala negara sebagai fokus sentral dari segala kekuasaan eksekutif, kekuasaan sipil dan militer serta kekuasaan yang secara teknis dikenal dengan istilah kekuasaan "keagamaan".\ud Menurut hasil analisis bahwa pemikiran Fazlur Rahman tentang sumber kekuasaan ini mengambil jalan tengah, yaitu meskipun seolah-olah kekuasaan itu bukan diperoleh langsung dari Tuhan, tetapi tetap harus dijalankan berdasarkan aturan Tuhan. Juga menunjukkan eksposisi pemikirannya yang dalam beberapa hal mencerminkan akomodasi terhadap realitas dan praktik politik pada masanya, terutama yang pernah diperolehnya ketika sekolah di Barat. Nampak pula mengandung konsep bagaimana sebenarnya sebuah pemerintahan yang idealistik dari sebuah tatanan pemerintahan sekarang ini. Namun dalam pertanggung-jawabannya tidak hanya bersifat horisontal-formal sesama manusia, lebih bersifat vertikal-moral kepada Allah Swt. di akhirat

Estimating the avoidable burden of certain modifiable risk factors in osteoporotic hip fracture using Generalized Impact Fraction (GIF) model in Iran

Backgrounds: The number of hip fractures, the most common complication of osteoporosis, has increased rapidly over the past decades. The goal of this study is to estimate the avoidable burden of certain modifiable risk factor of the condition using the Generalized Impact Fraction (GIF) model, which has been suggested and used by epidemiologists to overcome the drawbacks associated with the use of Attributable Fraction index. In addition to preventing a risk factor or the avoidable fraction of burden, this index can also calculate the change in the burden, when a risk factor is altered.Methods: International databases were searched through PubMed, CINAHLD, Embase using OVID and Google scholar. National resources were searched through IranDoc, IranMedex, SID and Journal sites. Other resources include abstract books and articles sent to the IOF congress. The following search strategy was used: (" Osteoporotic fracture" OR " Fragility Hip fracture" OR " Calcium" OR " vitamin D" OR " BMI" OR " lean body weight" OR " Physical activity" OR " exercise" OR " Smoke" ) AND (" prevalence" OR " incidence" OR " relative risk" ) and limited to " humans." Results: With regards to different scenarios already explained in modifying the studied risk factors, the greatest impact in reducing the prevalence of risk factors on osteoporotic hip fractures, was seen in low serum vitamin D levels, low physical activity and low intake of calcium and vitamin D, respectively. According to the fact that interventions for low serum vitamin D and low intake of calcium and vitamin D, are related to each other, it can be concluded that implementing interventions to change these two risk factors, in the easy, moderate and difficult scenarios, would result in approximately a 5%, 11% and 17% decrease in the burden of osteoporotic hip fractures, respectively. The addition of interventions addressing low physical activity in the easy, moderate and difficult scenarios, an 8%, 21% and 35% reduction in the burden of osteoporotic hip fractures would be reported, respectively.Conclusion: Improving serum vitamin D levels, recommending the consumption of calcium and vitamin D supplementations and advocating physical activity are the most effective interventions to reduce the risk of osteoporotic hip fractures. © 2013 Shahnazari et al; licensee BioMed Central Ltd

Pengelolaan Penangkaran Dan Kualitas Suara Cucak Rawa (Pycnonotus Zeylanicus Gmelin, 1789) Di Mega Bird and Orchid Farm, Bogor

The background of this research is population of straw headed bulbul (Pcynonotus zeylanicus) in the nature has decreased sharply.The effort should be done is ex-situ conservation by means of captive breeding of straw headed bulbul. The aim of the research was to identify captivation technique, success indicator, song training techniques and distribution sound quality of straw headed bulbul. This research was conducted in Mega Bird and Orchid Farm, Bogor from March to April 2014. Descriptive and quantitative data analysis was applied in this research. The results showed that straw headed bulbul has three types of cage, they are cage for growing periode, ge of reproduction, and cage of incubator. Foods given to the bird were banana, papaya, voer and cricket. The types of diseases recorded were diarrhea, white-colored feces, green-colored feces, flu, and paralyzed feet. The criteria and success rate in captivating were consist of medium-scaled egg hatching rate (68.69%), high breed rate (77.38%), and low mortality(10.34%). Distribution song quality of straw headed bulbul was varies. Based on the results of the study, it can be concluded that breeding management for success breeding of straw headed bulbul comprised of such aspects as cage system management, feed management, health and care management, result utilization management, and song quality management

Hubungan Antara Menyusui Dengan Risiko Kanker Ovarium

Incidence of Ovarian Cancer, which has a high mortality rate, has been reported to increase since 2008 in Indonesia. A number of protective factors have been identified, one of which is breastfeeding. Despite this, published literature on the association of breastfeeding and ovarian cancer in Indonesia has not been found. The aim of this study is to determine the effect of breastfeeding on ovarian cancer in general, as well as among pre and post menopause patients. This case control study was done at “Dharmais”Cancer Hospital, involving 71 patients with ovarian cancer as the cases, and 140 cervical cancer patients who served as the controls. Interviews were done during follow-up visits. Patients, with adouble primary cancer,were not included in the study. The study shows that lifetime breastfeeding contributes to a decrease in the risk of ovarian cancer by 55% (OR=0.45, 95%CI 0.23 – 0.91) among all cases; the decrease was 53% (OR=0.47, 95%CI 0.23 – 0.96) for those who had previously given birth. These results were adjusted for level of education and menopause status at the time of diagnosis. Women with a history of breastfeeding have a lower risk of having ovarian cancer. The longer the duration of breastfeeding, the lower the risk of having ovarian cancer. The reduced risk was more than 50% for those with a lifetime breastfeeding of 24 months or more

Pengaruh Personalisasi Iklan Online Terhadap Sikap Dan Minat Beli Konsumen

. Personalized online advertisement is expected to minimize irritation of theadvertisements, and it may be beneficial to help consumers in searching informationbefore they are making a purchase decision. At present, consumers are having a diverseattitude toward the personalized online advertising, some are in favor, some are neutraland some are actually opposed to. Consumer's attitude play an important role consumerpurchase intention. Therefore, it is very critical for the personalized online advertisingto provide more value added to the consumer based on their purchase behavior bygiving the relevant information, while at the same time keeping the consumer's privacy.Despite of a lot of effort has been put in place to improve the effectiveness ofpersonalized online advertising, it has yet gained more positive response from theconsumer. This research is using the survey method that involving 200 respondents anddata analysis is using SEM (Structural Equation Modeling)

Pengaruh Efikasi Diri, Pemanfaatan Gaya Belajar dan Lingkungan Teman Sebaya terhadap Prestasi Belajar Akuntansi (Studi Kasus di Smk Negeri 1 Surakarta)

The objectives of this research are to investigate: (1) the significant effect of self-efficacy on the learning achievement in Accounting of the student of Accounting Expertise Competency of State Vocational High School 1 of Surakarta in Academic Year/2014; (2) the significant effect of learning style utilization on the learning achievement in Accounting of the student of Accounting Expertise Competency of State Vocational High School 1 of Surakarta in Academic Year/2014; (3) the significant effect of peer environment on the learning achievement in Accounting of the student of Accounting Expertise Competency of State Vocational High School 1 of Surakarta in Academic Year/2014; and (4) the simultaneous effect of self-efficacy, leaning style utilization and peer environment on the learning achievement in Accounting of the student of Accounting Expertise Competency of State Vocational High School 1 of Surakarta in Academic Year/2014. This research used the descriptive quantitative causal comparative research method with the ex-post facto design. Its population was all of the students of Accounting Expertise Competency of State Vocational High School 1 of Surakarta. The samples of the research were taken by using the propotional stratified random sampling technique, and they consisted of 120 students. The data of the research were gathered through questionnaire and documentation. They were analyzed by using the descriptive and inferential statistics methods, namely: simple linear regression and multiple linear regression. The results of the research are as follows: (1) there is a significant effect of self-efficacy on the learning achievement in Accounting of the student of Accounting Expertise Competency of State Vocational High School 1 of Surakarta in Academic Year/2014; (2) there is a significant effect of learning style utilization on the learning achievement in Accounting of the student of Accounting Expertise Competency of State Vocational High School 1 of Surakarta in Academic Year/2014; (3) there is a significant effect of peer environment on the learning achievement in Accounting of the student of Accounting Expertise Competency of State Vocational High School 1 of Surakarta in Academic Year/2014; and (4) there is a simultaneous effect of self-efficacy, leaning style utilization and peer environment on the learning achievement in Accounting of the student of Accounting Expertise Competency of State Vocational High School 1 of Surakarta in Academic Year/2014

Analisis Implementasi Tahap Penerapan Dan Operasi Klausul 4.4 Ohsas 18001 : 2007 Di PT. Gmf Aeroasia Tangerang Tahun 2015

Occupational Health and Safety Assessment Series (OHSAS) 18001 : 2007 is a series of standard and specifications for the design of an Occupational Health and Safety (OH&S) Management System. OHSAS 18001 : 2007 include 6 clauses and require to prevent incident, illness, and accident to improve its OH&S performance. The results of external audit that has been conducted by PT. Sucofindo found that there is still many nonconformities from clause 4.4 OHSAS. Furthermore, the implementation of OHSAS 18001 : 2007 in PT. GMF AeroAsia has not been evaluated. The purpose of this research is to monitoring activities of OH&S management system in PT. GMF AeroAsia. This research use qualitative methodology with observation and indepth interview with key person of PT. GMF AeroAsia as the main research methodology. The research results showed that PT. GMF AeroAsia has been implemented clause 4.4 OHSAS in accordance with the requirements of OHSAS 18001 : 2007 standard, but the company has to improve the quality by integrating the OH&S and Environmental management system by its policy, manual procedures, and workplan