Prediction of 24-hour milk yield and composition in dairy cows from a single part-day yield and sample

peer-reviewedTeagasc PublicationIrish Journal of Agricultural and Food Research | Volume 58: Issue 1 Prediction of 24-hour milk yield and composition in dairy cows from a single part-day yield and sample S. McParlandemail , B. Coughlan , B. Enright , M. O’Keeffe , R. O’Connor , L. Feeney and D.P. Berry DOI: https://doi.org/10.2478/ijafr-2019-0007 | Published online: 09 Aug 2019 PDF Abstract Article PDF References Recommendations Abstract The objective was to evaluate the accuracy of predicting 24-hour milk yield and composition from a single morning (AM) or evening (PM) milk weight and composition. A calibration dataset of 37,481 test-day records with both AM and PM yields and composition was used to generate the prediction equations; equations were validated using 4,644 test-day records. Prediction models were developed within stage of lactation and parity while accounting for the inter-milking time interval. The mean correlation between the predicted 24-hour yields and composition of milk, fat and protein and the respective actual values was 0.97 when based on just an AM milk yield and composition with a mean correlation of 0.95 when based on just a PM milk yield and composition. The regression of predicted 24-hour yield and composition on the respective actual values varied from 0.97 to 1.01 with the exception of 24-hour fat percentage predicted from a PM sample (1.06). A single AM sample is useful to predict 24-hour milk yield and composition when the milking interval is known

The Musculoskeletal Physiotherapy of Australia position on pre-manipulative testing for the cervical spine

The MPA undertook a survey of its members in 1997 to determine their compliance with and opinion of the APA Protocol for Pre-Manipulative Testing of the Cervical Spine (Magarey et al 2000a, Magarey et al submitted-a). As a result of that survey and a comprehensive literature review, the MPA developed a new set of guidelines for premanipulative procedures for the cervical spine (Magarey et al 2000b, Magarey et al submitted-b)

Single-leg airline revenue management with overbooking

Airline revenue management is about identifying the maximum revenue seat allocation policies. Since a major loss in revenue results from cancellations and no-show passengers, over the years overbooking has received a significant attention in the literature. In this study, we propose new models for static and dynamic single-leg overbooking problems. In the static case, we introduce computationally tractable models that give upper and lower bounds for the optimal expected revenue. In the dynamic case, we propose a new dynamic programming model, which is based on two streams of arrivals. The first stream corresponds to the booking requests and the second stream represents the cancellations. We also conduct simulation experiments to illustrate the proposed models and the solution methods

AN INVESTIGATION INTO THE EFFECTS OF A SIMULATED EFFUSION IN HEALTHY SUBJECTS ON KNEE KINEMATICS AND LOWER LIMB MUSCLE ACTIVITY DURING A SINGLE LEG DROP LANDING

Arthrogenic muscle inhibition (AMI) is defined as an ongoing reflex inhibition of the musculature surrounding a joint following distension or damage to the structures of that joint [Hopkins and Ingersoll, 2000]. AMI following joint injury may affect movement and muscle recruitment which may impair rehabilitation and delay the return to activity. Knee angular displacement and velocity as well as lower limb EMG were measured in the period 250 milliseconds pre initial contact to 250 milliseconds post initial contact during a single leg drop jump in 8 healthy subjects before and after a simulated knee joint effusion of 60 millilitres. Repeated measures ANOVA and post hoc testing revealed no statistically significant differences in pre and post effusion in knee kinematic or lower limb EMG measures undertaken. A simulated knee effusion did not result in significant alterations to knee joint mechanics or lower limb muscle activation patterns during a single leg drop landing. The mechanism by which an effusion affects motor control during functional and dynamic weight bearing tasks warrants further investigation

Pro-inflammatory flagellin proteins of prevalent motile commensal bacteria are variably abundant in the intestinal microbiome of elderly humans

Peer reviewedPublisher PD

Relaxing the Cosmological Moduli Problem

Typically the moduli fields acquire mass m =C H in the early universe, which shifts the position of the minimum of their effective potential and leads to an excessively large energy density of the oscillating moduli fields at the later stages of the evolution of the universe. This constitutes the cosmological moduli problem, or Polonyi field problem. We show that the cosmological moduli problem can be solved or at least significantly relaxed in the theories in which C >> 1, as well as in some models with C << 1.Comment: 9 pages, 3 Postscript figure

Model Independent Properties and Cosmological Implications of the Dilaton and Moduli Sectors of 4-d Strings

We show that if there is a realistic 4-d string, the dilaton and moduli supermultiplets will generically acquire a small mass O(m_{3/2}), providing the only vacuum-independent evidence of low-energy physics in string theory beyond the supersymmetric standard model. The only assumptions behind this result are (i) softly broken supersymmetry at low energies with zero cosmological constant, (ii) these particles interact with gravitational strength and the scalar components have a flat potential in perturbation theory, which are well-known properties of string theories. (iii) They acquire a $vev$ of the order of the Planck scale (as required for the correct value of the gauge coupling constants and the expected compactification scale) after supersymmetry gets broken. We explore the cosmological implications of these particles. Similar to the gravitino, the fermionic states may overclose the Universe if they are stable or destroy nucleosynthesis if they decay unless their masses belong to a certain range or inflation dilutes them. For the scalar states it is known that the problem cannot be entirely solved by inflation, since oscillations around the minimum of the potential can lead to a huge entropy generation at late times. We discus some possible ways to alleviate this entropy problem, that favour low-temperature baryogenesis, and also comment on the possible role of these particles as dark matter candidates or as sources of the baryon asymmetry through their decay.Comment: 15 pages,CERN-TH.6958/93,NEIP-93-006, IEM-FT-75/93, Late

Supergravity Inflation Free from Harmful Relics

We present a realistic supergravity inflation model which is free from the overproduction of potentially dangerous relics in cosmology, namely moduli and gravitinos which can lead to the inconsistencies with the predictions of baryon asymmetry and nucleosynthesis. The radiative correction turns out to play a crucial role in our analysis which raises the mass of supersymmetry breaking field to intermediate scale. We pay a particular attention to the non-thermal production of gravitinos using the non-minimal Kahler potential we obtained from loop correction. This non-thermal gravitino production however is diminished because of the relatively small scale of inflaton mass and small amplitudes of hidden sector fields.Comment: 10 pages, revtex, 1 eps figure, references added, conclusion section expande

Annual Research Review: Umbrella synthesis of meta-analyses on child maltreatment antecedents and interventions: differential susceptibility perspective on risk and resilience

Child maltreatment in the family context is a prevalent and pervasive phenomenon in many modern societies. The global perpetration of child abuse and neglect stands in stark contrast to its almost universal condemnation as exemplified in the United Nation’s Convention on the Rights of the Child. Much work has been devoted to the task of prevention, yet a grand synthesis of the literature is missing. Focusing on two core elements of prevention, that is, antecedents for maltreatment and the effectiveness of (preventative) interventions, we performed an umbrella review of meta-analyses published between January 1, 2014, and December 17, 2018. Meta-analyses were systematically collected, assessed, and integrated following a uniform approach to allow their comparison across domains. From this analysis of thousands of studies including almost 1.5 million participants, the following risk factors were derived: parental experience of maltreatment in his or her own childhood (d =.47), low socioeconomic status of the family (d =.34), dependent and aggressive parental personality (d =.45), intimate partner violence (d =.41), and higher baseline autonomic nervous system activity (d =.24). The effect size for autonomic stress reactivity was not significant (d = −.10). The umbrella review of interventions to prevent or reduce child maltreatment showed modest intervention effectiveness (d =.23 for interventions targeting child abuse potential or families with self-reported maltreatme

The Cosmological Moduli Problem, Supersymmetry Breaking and Stability in Postinflationary Cosmology

A survey of solutions to the cosmological moduli problem in string theory. The only extant proposal which may work is Intermediate Scale Inflation as proposed by Randall and Thomas. Supersymmetry preserving dynamics which could give large masses to the moduli is strongly constrained by cosmology and requires the existence of string vacuum states possessing properties different from those of any known vacuuum. Such a mechanism cannot give mass to the dilaton unless there are cancellations between different exponentially small contributions to the superpotential. Our investigation also shows that stationary points of the effective potential with negative vacuum energy do not correspond to stationary solutions of the equations of postinflationary cosmology. This suggests that supersymmetry breaking is a requirement for a successful inflationary cosmology.Comment: harvma