Succession in AMF communities from early to late season in grassland national park

Non-Peer ReviewedChange of AMF (arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi) community between two seasons in Grassland National Park had been studied in this article. We used FAMEs analysis and PCR-DGGE analysis tested soil samples collected from 3 different ecosystems at two sampling seasons. Based on our study, we found that AMF activity was significantly higher in early (wet) than late (dry) seasons, and in early season, the amount of AMF also showed significant positive linear relationship with amount of P and N in plant tissue. During late season we didn’t find significant result among these variables, which may suggest that seasonal changes could change the activity of AMF and affect relationship between AMF and their host plant nutrient metabolism. Also, AMF species composition differed in early and late season. Most AMF taxa found in the dry season in our study were unknown to the scientific community. This suggests that AMF biodiversity had difference between seasons and these uncommon AMF taxa are adapted to dry conditions. Besides, crested wheatgrass, the dominant species in the park, although didn’t show significantly directly relationship with AMF activity, it may improve soil organic carbon, soil soluble P, and increase the amount of soil bacteria, which are also three important factors that could further affect AMF activity. However, the absence of activity of crested wheatgrass combined with the low biodiversity in the stand and low association with AMF in the dry season, suggests that a prolonged drought period detrimental to crested wheatgrass would leave a prairie of crested wheatgrass vulnerable and depleted

Comparing the SF-12 and SF-36 Health Status Questionnaires in Patients With and Without Obesity

Objective: To assess how well the SF-36, a well-validated generic quality of life (QOL) instrument, compares with its shorter adaptation, the SF-12, in capturing differences in QOL among patients with and without obesity. Methods: We compared the correlation between the physical (PCS) and mental (MCS) component summary measures of the SF-12 and SF-36 among 356 primary care patients using Pearson coefficients (r) and conducted linear regression models to see how these summary measures captures the variation across BMI. We used model R$^{2}$ to assess qualitatively how well each measure explained the variation across BMI. Results: Correlations between SF-12 and SF-36 were higher for the PCS in obese (r = 0.89) compared to overweight (r = 0.73) and normal weight patients (r = 0.75), p < 0.001, but were similar for the MCS across BMI. Compared to normal weight patients, obese patients scored 8.8 points lower on the PCS-12 and 5.7 points lower on the PCS-36 after adjustment for age, sex, and race; the model R$^{2}$ was higher with PCS-12 (R$^{2}$ = 0.22) than with PCS-36 (R$^{2}$ = 0.16). BMI was not significantly associated with either the MCS-12 or MCS-36. Conclusion: The SF-12 correlated highly with SF-36 in obese and non-obese patients and appeared to be a better measure of differences in QOL associated with BMI

Schur Polynomials and the Yang-Baxter equation

We show that within the six-vertex model there is a parametrized Yang-Baxter equation with nonabelian parameter group GL(2)xGL(1) at the center of the disordered regime. As an application we rederive deformations of the Weyl character formule of Tokuyama and of Hamel and King.Comment: Revised introduction; slightly changed reference

Hubungan Status Gizi Dengan Kadar Kolesterol Total Pada Masyarakat Di Kelurahan Bahu Kecamatan Malalayang Manado

: Total cholesterol level reading as an indicator can be use to assess the risk of heart disease. Nutritional status is a form of imbalance between intake the body needs and it can be lead to malnutrition and over nutrition. To determine the nutritional status can be used by calculating the body mass index as an indicator to assessing the obesity. Hypercholesterolemia level with obesity related to pathologic condition likes atherosclerosis and heart disease. This research is aim to understand the relationship between nutritional status and total cholesterol level in the community at Bahu village Malalayang Subdistrict Manado. The study method of this analytic is cross-sectional disign study. The sampling technique used is probability sampling by simple random sampling which is conducted of 63 persons. The statistic result show by used chi-square test is p = 0,557 with confident interval 95%. The p value mean it\u27s bigger than α (0,05).The conclution means there is no significant relationship between nutritional status and total cholesterol level in the community at Bahu village Malalayang Subdistrict Manado

Symmetry of Traveling Wave Solutions to the Allen-Cahn Equation in \Er^2

In this paper, we prove even symmetry of monotone traveling wave solutions to the balanced Allen-Cahn equation in the entire plane. Related results for the unbalanced Allen-Cahn equation are also discussed

Forecasting the quality of AMF communities

Non-Peer Reviewe

SET-VALUED SHORTFALL and DIVERGENCE RISK MEASURES

Risk measures for multivariate financial positions are studied in a utility-based framework. Under a certain incomplete preference relation, shortfall and divergence risk measures are defined as the optimal values of specific set minimization problems. The dual relationship between these two classes of multivariate risk measures is constructed via a recent Lagrange duality for set optimization. In particular, it is shown that a shortfall risk measure can be written as an intersection over a family of divergence risk measures indexed by a scalarization parameter. Examples include set-valued versions of the entropic risk measure and the average value at risk. As a second step, the minimization of these risk measures subject to trading opportunities is studied in a general convex market in discrete time. The optimal value of the minimization problem, called the market risk measure, is also a set-valued risk measure. A dual representation for the market risk measure that decomposes the effects of the original risk measure and the frictions of the market is proved. © 2017 World Scientific Publishing Company

OPA1 functions in mitochondria and dysfunctions in optic nerve

OPA1 is the major gene responsible for Dominant Optic Atrophy (DOA), a blinding disease that affects specifically the retinal ganglion cells (RGCs), which function consists in connecting the neuro-retina to the brain. OPA1 encodes an intra-mitochondrial dynamin, involved in inner membrane structures and ubiquitously expressed, raising the critical question of the origin of the disease pathophysiology. Here, we review the fundamental knowledge on OPA1 functions and regulations, highlighting their involvements in mitochondrial respiration, membrane dynamic and apoptosis. In light of these functions, we then describe the remarkable RGC mitochondrial network physiology and analyse data collected from animal models expressing OPA1 mutations. If, to date RGC mitochondria does not present any peculiarity at the molecular level, they represent possible targets of numerous assaults, like light, pressure, oxidative stress and energetic impairment, which jeopardize their function and survival, as observed in OPA1 mouse models. Although fascinating fields of investigation are still to be addressed on OPA1 functions and on DOA pathophysiology, we have reached a conspicuous state of knowledge with pertinent cell and animal models, from which therapeutic trials can be initiated and deeply evaluated

Comparing the SF-12 and SF-36 health status questionnaires in patients with and without obesity

OBJECTIVE: To assess how well the SF-36, a well-validated generic quality of life (QOL) instrument, compares with its shorter adaptation, the SF-12, in capturing differences in QOL among patients with and without obesity. METHODS: We compared the correlation between the physical (PCS) and mental (MCS) component summary measures of the SF-12 and SF-36 among 356 primary care patients using Pearson coefficients (r) and conducted linear regression models to see how these summary measures captures the variation across BMI. We used model R(2 )to assess qualitatively how well each measure explained the variation across BMI. RESULTS: Correlations between SF-12 and SF-36 were higher for the PCS in obese (r = 0.89) compared to overweight (r = 0.73) and normal weight patients (r = 0.75), p < 0.001, but were similar for the MCS across BMI. Compared to normal weight patients, obese patients scored 8.8 points lower on the PCS-12 and 5.7 points lower on the PCS-36 after adjustment for age, sex, and race; the model R(2 )was higher with PCS-12 (R(2 )= 0.22) than with PCS-36 (R(2 )= 0.16). BMI was not significantly associated with either the MCS-12 or MCS-36. CONCLUSION: The SF-12 correlated highly with SF-36 in obese and non-obese patients and appeared to be a better measure of differences in QOL associated with BMI

Obesity and Undiagnosed Diabetes in the U.S.

OBJECTIVE—To study whether obese individuals, who are at higher risk for diabetes and disparities in care than nonobese individuals, are more likely to have undiagnosed diabetes