Cults Mentioned in the Book Thirumantram

A variety of devotional literature has emerged in Tamil literature. Among them, the Thirumantram book composed by Thirumoolar is the tenth of the twelve Thirumurai. Thirumoolar is considered as one of the most important of the eighteen Siddhars and he is a pioneer in Siddha literature. Thirumoolar was the first person to expound the Yoga Norm in Tamil. Yoga means to bind together or to bring together. He explained about a simple way of realizing God through the Yoganorm, by uniting and controlling the senses. Thirumantram is an excellent book that has both devotional and physical practice and it also explains various methods that can be followed in life to lead an easy life. In this book the worship of Shiva has been mentioned primarily. But there are many forms of divine worship associated with it that is the realization of God, goddess of the world, there is no power without Shiva, shakti worship, image of goddess Rajeshwari, worship and the benefits we get from worshiping goddess Rajeshwari with devotion, Vairava chakra worship - benefits, Bhuvanapati chakra worship, external worship, internal worship, body worship that highlights the idea that our body is a temple, life is a temple, sound-light worship and so on. This article is an brief explanation about all these worship

Pilot Scale Processing of Red Flesh Guava RTS Beverage

Pilot scale studies on production of ready-to-serve (RTS) beverage from red flesh guava were done using 100 kg of the fruit. Pulp yield was more (73.68 %) in lye peeling than in hand peeling (58.68 %). RTS beverage was prepared by mixing fruit pulp with syrup to an optimum level of acidity and sugar, as standardized on a laboratory scale. Blending RTS beverage by using colloidal mill improved the colour, consistency and overall quality. From 100 kg of red flesh guava, 247 litres of RTS beverage could be obtained. The cost:benefit ratio and value addition from this process were worked out at 1.79 and Rs. 5.45/kg of fruit, respectively

Impact of photoperiod on circadian sucrose and sucrase rhythms in the digestive system of silkworm, Bombyx mori.

The impact of photoperiod on circadian sucrose and sucrase rhythms were analyzed in the digestive system of Bombyx mori under 12 hr light-dark cycle (LD), continuous light (LL) and continuous dark (DD). The rhythmic changes were interpreted as synthetic cycles in gut wall and release or uptake cycles in gut lumen. The gut wall comprised 6 sucrose synthetic cycles (SS cycles) under LD, LL and 5 under DD. The 24 hr rhythm of LD and LL was clock shifted to 28.8 hr under DD. In gut content, the sucrose rhythm showed 7 sucrose uptake cycles (SUcycles) under LD, 6 under LL and 5 under DD and the 24 hr rhythm of LD was clock shifted to 28.0 hr under LL and 34 hr under DD. In the gut wall sucrase rhythm maintained 7 SES cycles under LD and DD and 9 cycles under LL and its 24-hr rhythm is advanced to 18.2 hr. In the gut lumen 5 SER cycles under LD, 8 under LL and 6 under DD and its rhythm is advanced to 15 hr under LL and 20 hr under DD. Further analysis of data showed that LD favoured both synthesis and uptake of sucrose while LL, favoured the sucrase synthesis and its release

Review on power quality solution technology

This paper presents a comprehensive study of various possible solutions for power quality improvement in common applications and supply system. This includes improved power quality converters (IPQC), multi-pulse converters, active compensation, passive compensation and their hybrid configurations. Various configurations and topologies of custom power devices such as DSTATCOM (Distribution Static Compensator), DVR (Dynamic Voltage Restorer) and UPQC (Unified Power Quality Compensator) are also described in detail. Main applications of these devices are for reactive power compensation, harmonic elimination, voltage sag/swell mitigation, voltage regulation, load balancing, neutral current reduction etc. Many such cases of power quality problems have been taken up and suitable solutions have been identified for those cases. As an example, a model of DSTATCOM is developed and its performance is presented for a distribution system feeding nonlinear loads

A study on facial artery and its submental and perioral branches

The main arterial supply of the facial skin envelope is the facial artery which serves as a main pedicle for a number of facial flaps. The knowledge of anatomy of facial artery is essential in raising viable facial flaps and devising new flaps.Therapeutic radiological interventions like embolization of tumour feeding vessel in case of tumours of face need a thorough knowledge of the vascular pattern of face. The anatomy of the facial artery was studied in 50 adult head and neck specimens at the Institute of Anatomy, Madras Medical College. Facial artery in 15 adult carotid angiograms from the Barnard Institute of Radiology, Rajiv Gandhi Government General Hospital were also studied. Facial artery arose separately from the external carotid artery in 82 % of specimens and 93.33 % of angiograms. Common linguo facial trunk was present in 18 % of specimens and 6.66 % of angiogram. The branching pattern of facial artery in face was classified based on the study done by Loukas et al. 70 % of specimens belonged to type A pattern, 24 % of specimens belonged to type B pattern and 6 % of specimens belonged to type C pattern. In 28 % of specimens, premasseteric branch was present. In 12 % of specimens, buccal branch was present. The average length of submental artery was 7.44 cm. The mean distance of origin of submental artery from the origin of facial artery was 3.36 cm and from the angle of mandible was 2.88cm. Infra labial artery was present in 58% of cadaveric specimens and 53.33 % of angiograms. The average length of Inferior labial artery was 2.48 cm and superior labial artery was 6.04 cm. Inferior labial arteryarose from facial artery below the level of oral commissure in 72 %.Superior labial artery arose from facial artery above the level of oral commissure in 94 %. The knowledge of facial artery anatomy is essential for better planning of reconstructive procedures, raising viable flaps and devising new flaps. It also helps the radiologists in better interpretation of radiological images andsurgeons for avoiding complications during surgeries

Effect of Organics and Inorganics on Yield Parameters in Bell Pepper under Open Condition

Investigations were carried out to study the effect of organics on yield and fruit quality parameters in bell pepper grown under open condition. Split plot design, with three replications, was adopted taking two bell pepper varieties, viz., California Wonder and Gangavati Local (as main-plot treatments) and nutrient source (as sub-plot treatments). Variety California Wonder performed better with respect to yield parameters compared to the Local variety. Application of 100% recommended dose of nitrogen (RDN) through a combination of 50% FYM and 50% poultry manure (O5) as basal dose recorded significantly higher fruit yield (16.33 t/ha) and yield components over other treatments. Among interactions, O5 (FYM (50%) + poultry manure (50%) recorded significantly higher fruit yield (18.47 t/ha), followed by 18.31 t/ha with organic application in O1 (FYM (50%) + Vermicompost (50%) in California Wonder variety

Effect of Organic Cultivation of Capsicum annuum L. on Soil Microbial Properties under Open-Field and Shade-House Conditions

Two bell pepper (Capsicum annuum L.) varieties, viz., California Wonder and Gangavati Local, were raised under nine completely organic nutrient sources, along with recommended package of practices, and, under completely inorganic nutrient sources. Irrespective of the variety and growing environment, there was substantial increase in total bacterial count (22.97% and 24.98%), population of fungi (20.23% and 20.23%), actinomycetes (36.89% and 36.83%) and mycorrhiza (44.63% and 29.40%) in open-field and shade-house conditions, respectively, in all the nutrient combinations where organic sources were used, compared to the inorganic treatment. All organic nutrient sources used were found to be similar in their effect on soil microbes

Filled Ethylene-propylene Diene Terpolymer Elastomer as ThermalInsulator for Case-bonded Solid Rocket Motors

Ethylene-propylene diene terpolymer (EPDM)-based insulation system is being globallyused for case-bonded solid rocket motors. A study was undertaken using EPDM as base polymer,blended with hypalon and liquid EPDM and filled with fibrous and non-fibrous fillers. Theseformulations were evaluated as rocket motor insulation system. The basic objective of the studywas to develop an insulation system based on EPDM for case-bonded applications. A series ofrocket motor insulator compositions based on EPDM, filled with particulate and fibrous fillerslike precipitated silica, fumed silica, aramid, and carbon fibres have been studied for mechanical,rheological, thermal, and interface properties. Compositions based on particulate fillers wereoptimised for the filler content. Comparatively, fumed silica was found to be superior as fillerin terms of mechanical and interface properties. Addition of fibrous filler (5 parts) improved thepeel strength, and reduced the thermal conductivity and erosion rate. All the compositions wereevaluated for sulphur and peroxide curing. Superior mechanical properties were achieved forsulphur-cured products, whereas peroxide-cured products exhibited an excellent ageing resistance.Rocket motors were insulated with optimised composition and propellant cast, and the motorswere evaluated by conducting static test in end-burning mode.Defence Science Journal, 2008, 58(1), pp.94-102, DOI : http://dx.doi.org/10.14429/dsj.58.162

TO EVALUATE EFFICACY AND SAFETY OF RUPATADINE, BILASTINE, AND LEVOCETRIZINE IN ALLERGIC RHINITIS AT TERITARY CARE HOSPITAL, TELANGANA

Objective: Allergic rhinitis (AR) is a heterogeneous disorder characterized by symptoms – sneezing, itching, nasal congestion, and rhinorrhea. The aim of the study is to evaluate the efficacy and safety of rupatadine, bilastine, and levocetirizine in AR. Methods: A prospective, open-label, comparative study was conducted at the Government ENT Hospital, Hyderabad, Telangana. Ninety patients diagnosed with AR were randomized, of whom Group 1 received oral tab. bilastine 20 mg once daily, Group 2 received oral tab. levocetirizine 5 mg once daily, and Group 3 received oral tab. rupatadine with a dose of 10 mg once daily for 2 weeks. The reduction in total nasal symptom score (TNSS) and absolute eosinophil counts (AECs) was compared with baseline and at 2 weeks. Safety was assessed according to adverse events reported during the study period. An analysis of variance was used as a test of significance for the three groups. Results: Overall, 90 cases were included in the study, with 48% of males and 52% of females. All three drugs significantly reduced the TNSS and AEC after treatment compared to before treatment (p<0.05). The mean difference in TNSS and AEC showed no statistically significant difference among the three groups (TNSS: p>0.908 and AEC: p>0.967). In terms of safety, all three drugs showed nearly similar adverse events. Conclusion: In this study, after 2 weeks of follow-up, the three drugs (bilastine, levocetirizine, and rupatadine) showed significant improvement clinically, but the mean reduction in the score of symptoms and AEC was not statistically significant in the treatment of AR