Bluetooth antennas based on stretchable inks and substrates:a comparative study between different antenna structures

Abstract. Wearable technologies are expanding to consider different industries and systems such as healthcare solutions. Therefore, flexible, and stretchable electronics have gained huge attention recently since it made realizing a high performance, easy to use, comfortable, and durable electronics solutions possible. Wireless systems are also required to fit with wearable technologies, which include antennas. Therefore, a lot of research was focused on building stretchable and flexible antennas that are cost-effective, and easy to manufacture and integrate with existing solutions. One of the biggest challenges in stretchable antenna design is that antenna’s radiation properties are dependent on the physical geometry of the antenna itself. Hence, utilizing existing 2D-based antennas that can maintain acceptable performance under stretching can be a challenging task. In this thesis, I will investigate different antenna structures manufactured using commercially available inks EMS CI1036, ASAHI LS 411AW, and DUPONT PE874 as well as thermoplastic polyurethane substrates (TPU) Platilon U9122 and Platilon U073. I also studied the effect of stretching on the dipole, and meandered monopole antenna’s performance and reported the simulation and measurement results when stretching the antennas up to 20% of its original length. I have also developed a novel algorithm for the placement and orientation process of the antenna on the TPU so that the effect of stretching on its performance is minimal. I have found that meandered monopole antenna can be a good candidate for stretchable applications due to its symmetrical response to stretching regardless of the stretching dimension, however, in other cases discussed in the thesis, I have shown that wire monopole or dipoles can be an excellent choice for stretchable applications in specific cases

Comparison of Field Theory Models of Interest Rates with Market Data

We calibrate and test various variants of field theory models of the interest rate with data from eurodollars futures. A model based on a simple psychological factor are seen to provide the best fit to the market. We make a model independent determination of the volatility function of the forward rates from market data.Comment: 9 figure

A Common Market Measure for Libor and Pricing Caps, Floors and Swaps in a Field Theory of Forward Interest Rates

The main result of this paper that a martingale evolution can be chosen for Libor such that all the Libor interest rates have a common market measure; the drift is fixed such that each Libor has the martingale property. Libor is described using a field theory model, and a common measure is seen to be emerge naturally for such models. To elaborate how the martingale for the Libor belongs to the general class of numeraire for the forward interest rates, two other numeraire's are considered, namely the money market measure that makes the evolution of the zero coupon bonds a martingale, and the forward measure for which the forward bond price is a martingale. The price of an interest rate cap is computed for all three numeraires, and is shown to be numeraire invariant. Put-call parity is discussed in some detail and shown to emerge due to some non-trivial properties of the numeraires. Some properties of swaps, and their relation to caps and floors, are briefly discussed.Comment: 28 pages, 4 figure

Assessment of environmental hazards in the north western coast -Egypt using RS and GIS

AbstractSoil erosion, salinity and sodicity hazards are serious problems in the northern west coast of Egypt and lead to reducing the soil quality and increasing the degradation of soil resources. Sidi Barrani and Al-Sallum regions are selected as study areas which are located from a longitude of 25°10′00″ to 26°55′00″East and from a latitude of 31°00′0″ to 31°37′30″ North. Erosion hazard was estimated using the ‘Universal Soil Loss Equation’ (USLE), which is a simple empirical model that is widely used for assessing long-term annual soil loss .The salinity and sodicity hazards were estimated based on FAO method as standard reference. The resultant map of annual soil erosion shows a maximum soil loss of 60th−1y−1with a close relation to foot slopes and wide units on the steep side-slopes (with high LS value) and the erodibility value reached to 0.1th−1y−1. Meanwhile sand beaches and sabkha units are characterized by high environmental hazards of both water erosion, salinity and sodicity, while in the overflow basin units are identified as low environmental hazards. The spatial environmental hazards assessment is conducted by using integrated GIS and RS which can serve as effective inputs in deriving strategies for sustainable land use planning and management

Maximum temperature for an Ideal Gas of U^(1)\hat U(1) Kac-Moody Fermions

A lagrangian for gauge fields coupled to fermions with the Kac-Moody group as its gauge group yields, for the pure fermions sector, an ideal gas of Kac-Moody fermions. The canonical partition function for the $\hat U(1)$ case is shown to have a maximum temperature $kT_{M} = |\lambda| /\pi$, where $\lambda$ is the coupling of the super charge operator $G_0$ to the fermions. This result is similar to the case of strings but unlike strings the result is obtained from a well-defined lagrangian.Comment: Needs subeqnarray.sty; To be published in Phys. Rev. D, Dec 15, 1995. Some typographical errors have been corrected in the revised versio

Phylogenetic and characterization of salt-tolerant rhizobial strain nodulating faba bean plants

Improvement of faba bean production in the new reclamation land in Egypt requires isolation and selection of effective abiotic stress tolerant rhizobial strains. Three rhizobial strains were isolated from healthy faba bean plants growing in different geographic areas in Egypt. These isolates were adapted against different concentrations of NaCl (100, 150 and 200 mM) by using the enrichment method. They were evaluated by measuring the symbiotic N2-fixation parameters under greenhouse and field conditions during two seasons (2010/2011 and 2011/2012). One rhizobial strain exhibited the highest values of symbiotic N2-parameters, nitrogenase activity and proline content. Based on 16S rDNA and nifH gene sequence, this strain was shown to belong to the Rhizobium leguminosarum bv. viciae. A strong similarity was found between the 16S rDNA and nifH gene sequence of the strain E15 and R. leguminosarum bv. viciae 3841 (100% similarity for 16S rDNA and 95% similarity for nifH gene). The results show that the maximum growth of this strain was obtained at pH 7 and 30°C. This strain was tolerant to drought stress till 20% polyethylene glycol and it yielded the highest concentrations of indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) at the end of the logarithmic phase. This strain solubilized inorganic phosphorus. R. leguminosarum bv. viciae was able to survive, persist, grow and effectively nodulated faba bean plants at high salt concentrations under greenhouse and field conditions and it could be used for biofertilization to reduce the severe effects of salinity and drought stress in the new reclamation land in Egypt.Keywords: Vicia faba, Rhizobium leguminosarum bv. viciae, abiotic stress, nifH geneAfrican Journal of Biotechnology Vol. 12(27), pp. 4324-433

Production of indole acetic acid (bioauxin) from Azotobacter sp. isolate and its effect on callus induction of Dieffenbachia maculata cv. Marianne

lndole-3-acetic acid (IAA) in the supernatant of a culture from the strains, Rhizobium leguminosarum biovar viciae, Bradyrhizobium japonicum, Pseudomonas sp. and Azotobacter sp was detected. Azotobacter sp yielded the highest concentrations of IAA. It was shown that the indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) was induced by the presence of tryptophan, which is used as inducer because the plánt provide the bacteria with tryptophan under natural condi-tions. The highest concentration of IAA was produced by Azotobacter sp.(A1) at the end of the logarithmic phase (after 3days). The results obtained in this work provide useful information about the production behavior of IAA under the optimál conditions(temperature 30°C and pH 7) which is of importance fór the application in production Dieffenbachia maculat cv. Marianne plants by using tissue culture technique. This work was alsó conducted to study the effect of somé growth regulators such as 10 mg/l IAA (synthetic), 5 mg/l BA and 10 mg/l IAA (bioauxin) on callus formation of Dieffenbachia maculat cv. Marianne shoot tips and internodal segments were taken from sterilized shoot and cultured on MS médium supplemented with 6 different treatments from growth regulators. Explants cultured on MS médium supplemented with either 10 mg/l IAA +5 mg/l BA or 10 mg/l bioauxin + 5 mg/l BA had the highest callus percentage 97.22 and 93.94%, respectively. MS médium supplemented with 2 mg/l BA + 0.06 mg/l BA was used for callus differentiation

Quantum Field Theory of Forward Rates with Stochastic Volatility

In a recent formulation of a quantum field theory of forward rates, the volatility of the forward rates was taken to be deterministic. The field theory of the forward rates is generalized to the case of stochastic volatility. Two cases are analyzed, firstly when volatility is taken to be a function of the forward rates, and secondly when volatility is taken to be an independent quantum field. Since volatiltiy is a positive valued quantum field, the full theory turns out to be an interacting nonlinear quantum field theory in two dimensions. The state space and Hamiltonian for the interacting theory are obtained, and shown to have a nontrivial structure due to the manifold moving with a constant velocity. The no arbitrage condition is reformulated in terms of the Hamiltonian of the system, and then exactly solved for the nonlinear interacting case.Comment: 7 Figure

Behavior of thin-walled tubes with combined cross-sectional geometries under oblique loading

Hollow tubes are the most important part of any structure because of their load-bearing capacity, lightweight and inexpensive manufacturing cost. One of the methods for improving the performance under quasi-static loading is to vary the cross-sectional shapes. In the real case, structures are seldom subjected to pure axial or pure bending rather they are subjected to a combination of two load cases i.e. oblique loading. In this paper, the circular cross-section was combined with four different polygonal cross-sections namely tetragon, hexagon, octagon and decagon and a total of 13 geometries were obtained. The buckling behavior of each tube was investigated numerically at various angles of inclination. Each tube was modeled in SOLIDWORKS and then was analyzed in ANSYS. Linear buckling code was used for finding the critical load at various angles ranging from 0° to 14°. The overall result was then compared and it was found that the proposed geometry can be a good alternative over conventional circular tubes in terms of load-bearing capacity at angular load

Buckling behavior of straight slot tubesunder oblique loading – A comparative study

Hollow tubes are the most important or crucial parts of the rapidly growing automobile and construction industry. The tube is subjected to pure buckling. In theanalysis, one end is fixed and the force is applied to theother end and by application of different angles of inclinations ranging from 0˚ to 20˚ with different thicknessof the range of 0.5 to 2.0. Linear buckling code was used forfinding the critical buckling load. This research paper is about the effects of buckling under oblique loading. It is the process in which the tube is subjected to compressive oblique loading and the tube fails by the first increase in crossectional area and then bulging on any of the sides but in the case, oblique loading in hollow tube shell bulges internally or inside the perimeter of the tube