Bound on the multiplicity of almost complete intersections

Let $R$ be a polynomial ring over a field of characteristic zero and let $I \subset R$ be a graded ideal of height $N$ which is minimally generated by $N+1$ homogeneous polynomials. If $I=(f_1,...,f_{N+1})$ where $f_i$ has degree $d_i$ and $(f_1,...,f_N)$ has height $N$, then the multiplicity of $R/I$ is bounded above by $\prod_{i=1}^N d_i - \max\{1, \sum_{i=1}^N (d_i-1) - (d_{N+1}-1) \}$.Comment: 7 pages; to appear in Communications in Algebr

Analysis and Extraction of Tempo-Spatial Events in an Efficient Archival CDN with Emphasis on Telegram

This paper presents an efficient archival framework for exploring and tracking cyberspace large-scale data called Tempo-Spatial Content Delivery Network (TS-CDN). Social media data streams are renewing in time and spatial dimensions. Various types of websites and social networks (i.e., channels, groups, pages, etc.) are considered spatial in cyberspace. Accurate analysis entails encompassing the bulk of data. In TS-CDN by applying the hash function on big data an efficient content delivery network is created. Using hash function rebuffs data redundancy and leads to conclude unique data archive in large-scale. This framework based on entered query allows for apparent monitoring and exploring data in tempo-spatial dimension based on TF-IDF score. Also by conformance from i18n standard, the Unicode problem has been dissolved. For evaluation of TS-CDN framework, a dataset from Telegram news channels from March 23, 2020 (1399-01-01), to September 21, 2020 (1399-06-31) on topics including Coronavirus (COVID-19), vaccine, school reopening, flood, earthquake, justice shares, petroleum, and quarantine exploited. By applying hash on Telegram dataset in the mentioned time interval, a significant reduction in media files such as 39.8% for videos (from 79.5 GB to 47.8 GB), and 10% for images (from 4 GB to 3.6 GB) occurred. TS-CDN infrastructure in a web-based approach has been presented as a service-oriented system. Experiments conducted on enormous time series data, including different spatial dimensions (i.e., Khabare Fouri, Khabarhaye Fouri, Akhbare Rouze Iran, and Akhbare Rasmi Telegram news channels), demonstrate the efficiency and applicability of the implemented TS-CDN framework

Experimental investigation on the long-term durability of bond between FRP and masonry substrates

The characterization of long-term behavior of bond between Fiber-Reinforced Polymers (FRPs) and masonry substrates in a service environment is a crucial issue for design purposes, which requires a full body of experimental and theoretical information. Most of the research in this area has been devoted to FRP-concrete specimens, and the available data for FRP-strengthened masonry components are still lacking. This paper presents the experimental investigation on degradation of bond between glass FRP composite sheets and masonry bricks by performing accelerated aging tests. Masonry bricks strengthened with GFRP sheets are prepared following the wet lay-up procedure and exposed to thermal cycling and constant relative humidity. Single-lap shear bond tests are finally performed for investigating the degradation of the bond after exposure to environmental conditions and the results are presented

Bond behaviour and durability of FRP composites applied externally to masonry structures

The several advantages associated to the use of FRP composites for civil structural applications (mainly reinforced concrete and masonry) has led to a considerable increment in use during the last years. However, the performance of FRP composite strengthening systems when exposed to harsh environmental conditions is a matter of great concern, which justifies the recent research efforts towards the characterization of the deterioration effects. This paper discusses some of the most relevant environmental agents and their effect on the durability of FRP-strengthened concrete and masonry constructions. The results of a comprehensive series of accelerated ageing tests (water immersion and hygrothermal exposure) on external GFRP-strengthened masonry and respective constituent materials recently carried out at University of Minho are presented and discussed in detail.The financial support from the project FP7-ENV-2009-1-244123-NIKER is gratefully acknowledged. The Portuguese Science Foundation through grant contract SFRH/BD/80697/2011

Effect of environmental aging on the numerical response of FRP-strengthened masonry walls

Recent durability studies have shown the susceptibility of bond in fiber-reinforced polymer (FRP) strengthened masonry components to hygrothermal exposures. However, it is not clear how this local material degradation affects the global behavior of FRP-strengthened masonry structures. This study addresses this issue by numerically investigating the nonlinear behavior of FRP-masonry walls after aging in two different environmental conditions. A numerical modeling strategy is adopted and validated with existing experimental tests on FRP-strengthened masonry panels. The model, once validated, is used for modeling of four hypothetical FRP-strengthened masonry walls with different boundary conditions, strengthening schemes, and reinforcement ratios. The nonlinear behavior of the walls is then simulated before and after aging in two different environmental conditions. The degradation data are taken from previous accelerated aging tests. The changes in the failure mode and nonlinear response of the walls after aging are presented and discussed.The first author acknowledges the financial support of the Portuguese Science Foundation [Fundacao de Ciencia Tecnologia (FCT)] through grants SFRH/BD/80697/2011 and SFRH/BPD/92614/2013

Accelerated hygrothermal aging of bond in FRP-masonry systems

This paper addresses the results of accelerated hygrothermal (coupled temperature and moisture) tests on FRP-strengthened clay bricks aimed at investigating bond degradation mechanisms. The exposures are selected to simulate different environmental conditions and the bond degradation is periodically investigated by visual inspection and by conventional single-lap shear bond tests. The changes in the properties of material constituents have also been monitored and the results are presented and critically discussed. A decay model is then adopted for simulating the observed degradation in the specimens. The model, once validated, is used for long-term performance prediction of FRP-masonry systems and the results are compared with the environmental reduction factors proposed by available design guidelines.The first author acknowledges the financial support of the Portuguese Science Foundation (Fundacao de Ciencia e Tecnologia, FCT), through grant SFRH/BD/80697/2011

Recent developments in durability of FRP-masonry systems

Fiber reinforced polymers (FRPs) are being more and more used for external strengthening of masonry structures. Therefore, characterization of the short and long-term behavior of bond between FRP composites and masonry substrates in a service environment is crucial for design purposes. A full body of experimental and theoretical investigations is required for durability assessment of FRP strengthened structures. However, most of the research in this area has been devoted to FRP-concrete specimens, and the available data for FRP- strengthened masonry components is still lacking. This paper presents recent experimental results of a large experimental campaign under development at the University of Minho. The aim is to characterize the short and long-term behavior of bond in FRP-strengthened masonry elements. Debonding tests have been performed on masonry bricks strengthened with different FRP materials for investigating the short-term aspects of the bond behavior. Accelerated ageing tests have been performed on FRP-strengthened masonry elements and the degradation of the bond due to environmental conditions is investigated. The environmental conditions consist of the coupling effect of temperature cycles and relative humidity. The degradation of bond has been measured by performing conventional single-lap shear bond tests

Temporal Changes in Nutrient Transport Following Land Application of Manure

Little information is currently available concerning temporal changes in nutrient transport following the addition of manure to cropland areas. This study was conducted to measure nutrient transport in runoff as affected by tillage and time following the application of beef cattle or swine manure to a site on which corn [Zea mays (L.)] was grown. Rainfall simulation tests were initiated 4, 32, 62, 123, and 354 days following land application. Three 30-min simulated rainfall events, separated by 24-hour intervals, were conducted at an intensity of approximately 70 mm hr-1. Dissolved phosphorus (DP), particulate phosphorus (PP), total phosphorus (TP), NO3-N, NH4-N, total nitrogen (TN), electrical conductivity (EC), and pH were measured from 0.75-m wide by 2-m long plots. Concentrations of DP, TP, and NH4-N, in general, declined throughout the year on both the no-till cattle and no-till swine manure treatments. Tillage did not significantly affect concentrations of DP, PP, TP, NH4-N or pH on the swine manure treatments, but significant variations in these variables were measured over time. Under no-till and tilled conditions on both the cattle and swine manure treatments, the smallest concentrations of DP, NO3-N, NH4-N, and TN occurred on the final test date. The increase in pH of runoff during the study is attributed to the addition of CaCO3 to the rations of beef cattle and swine. Tillage appeared to have less of an impact on runoff nutrient transport from cropland areas than length of time since manure application

Temporal Changes in Nutrient Transport Following Land Application of Manure

Little information is currently available concerning temporal changes in nutrient transport following the addition of manure to cropland areas. This study was conducted to measure nutrient transport in runoff as affected by tillage and time following the application of beef cattle or swine manure to a site on which corn [Zea mays (L.)] was grown. Rainfall simulation tests were initiated 4, 32, 62, 123, and 354 days following land application. Three 30-min simulated rainfall events, separated by 24-hour intervals, were conducted at an intensity of approximately 70 mm hr-1. Dissolved phosphorus (DP), particulate phosphorus (PP), total phosphorus (TP), NO3-N, NH4-N, total nitrogen (TN), electrical conductivity (EC), and pH were measured from 0.75-m wide by 2-m long plots. Concentrations of DP, TP, and NH4-N, in general, declined throughout the year on both the no-till cattle and no-till swine manure treatments. Tillage did not significantly affect concentrations of DP, PP, TP, NH4-N or pH on the swine manure treatments, but significant variations in these variables were measured over time. Under no-till and tilled conditions on both the cattle and swine manure treatments, the smallest concentrations of DP, NO3-N, NH4-N, and TN occurred on the final test date. The increase in pH of runoff during the study is attributed to the addition of CaCO3 to the rations of beef cattle and swine. Tillage appeared to have less of an impact on runoff nutrient transport from cropland areas than length of time since manure application