SISTEM PENELUSURAN KATALOG PERPUSTAKAAN MENGGUNAKAN METODE ROCCHIO RELEVANCE FEEDBACK

ABSTRAK Dalam temu kembali informasi, jumlah dokumen relevan yang ditemukembalikan akan dipengaruhi oleh jumlah kata kunci yang digunakan untuk pencarian. Dalam Web, pencarian pada umumnya dilakukan menggunakan kueri pendek, hanya kurang dari tiga kata (Spink et al. 2000). Hal ini cukup menyulitkan karena kueri pendek hanya menyediakan sedikit informasi bagi sistem temu kembali mengenai kebutuhan pencarian pengguna. Sebagai hasilnya adalah meskipun jumlah dokumen yang ditemukembalikan banyak akan tetapi hanya sedikit yang dianggap relevan oleh pengguna.            Metode rocchio relevance feedback adalah metode modifikasi query yang memaksimalkan selisih antara rataan dokumen yang relevan dengan yang tak relevan. Metode rocchio relevance feedback terdiri dari empat tahap yaitu tokenizing, filtering, stemming, dan term weighting. Pada tahap tokenizing, term yang dimasukkan user dipisahkan menjadi kata tunggal. Pada tahap filtering, term penting akan diambil dan term yang tidak deskriptif akan dibuang. Pada tahap stemming, kata diubah menjadi akar kata dengan menghilangkan imbuhannya. Pada tahap term weighting, term akan dihitung bobotnya untuk mengetahui ketersediaan term tersebut. ABSTRACT In information retrieval, the number of relevant documents that are refound will be affected by the number of keywords used for the searching. In the Web, the search is generally done using a short query, just less than three words (Spink et al. 2000). It is quite difficult because of the short queries provide little information retrieval system for the needs of the user's searching. As a result, although the number of documents that are refound many but only a few which are considered relevant by the user.            Rocchiorelevancefeedbackmethodis thequerymodificationmethodthat maximizesthe differencebetweenthe average ofthe relevant documentsto theirrelevant. Rocchiorelevancefeedbackmethodconsistsoffour stages:tokenizing, filtering, stemming, and termweighting. In thetokenizingphase, a termthat the user enteredseparated intosingle words. In thefilteringstage, importanttermswill be takenandwhichare notdescriptivetermswill be discarded. At this stage ofstemming, wordchanged torootby removingparticle word. At this stage oftermweighting, term weightwillbe calculatedtodetermine the availability ofthat term. Keywords: Search System, the Library catalog, Rocchio Relevance Feedback

RANCANG BANGUN SISTEM PAKAR UNTUK APLIKASI PERMOHONAN KREDIT PADA KOPERASI SIMPAN PINJAM MENGGUNAKAN METODE FUZZY C-MEANS CLUSTERING BERBASIS WEBSITE

ABSTRAKKopersi Simpan Pinjam berperan  sebagai lembaga penyaluran keuangan kepada masyarakat. Untuk mengetahui tingkat keberhasilan dalam pemberian kredit, tidak hanya terletak pada keputusan penerimaan dan pengeluaran uang saja, melainkan juga terletak pada perkembangan nasabah  yang telah dibantu dengan kredit dan lancarnya pengembalian pinjaman sesuai dengan perjanjian yang telah disepakati. Dalam mengidentifikasi kredit, pihak pemberi kredit (koperasi) perlu menentukan parameter yang akan digunakan dalam penilaian kelayakan calon nasabah maupun untuk mengevaluasi kemampuan membayar nasabah yang sudah ada yaitu dengan menggunakan sistem penilaian kredit untuk sektor usaha kecil dan menengahUntuk mengelompokan nasabah berdasarkan kategori-kategori tersebut dibutuhkan metode  Fuzzy C-Means Clustering.  Dengan metode ini dapat membantu admin untuk membagi nasabah yang layak mendapat kredit atau tidak.Kata kunci : Nasabah Koperasi Simpan Pinjam, Sistem pakar, Fuzzy C-Means ClusteringABSTRACTSavings and Loans Cooperatives act  as financial distribution to the public institutions. To determine the level of success in the provision of credit, not only in the admissions decisions and spending money, but also lies in the development of the customers who have assisted with the smooth repayment of credit and loans in accordance with the agreement that has been agreed upon. In identifying credit, the lender (cooperative) need to specify the parameters to be used in the assessment of the feasibility of prospective customers and to evaluate the ability of existing customers pay by using credit scoring system for small and medium enterprise sectorTo classify customers based on the categories needed Fuzzy C-Means Clustering. With this method can help administrators to divide the customer to get credit  or not.Keywords  :  Savings and Loans Cooperatives  Customers, Expert Systems,  Fuzzy C-Means Clusterin

RANCANG BANGUN PORTAL OTOMATIS PADA PERUMAHAN TERPROGRAM DAN DAPAT DIAKSES MELALUI MISCALL DAN SENSOR JARAK MENGGUNAKAN ATMega 16

AbstrakPada malam hari portal perumahan akan tertutup, di portal tersebut akan dijaga oleh security  yang bertugas untuk membukakan portal jika ada penghuni perumahan yang pulang malam atau akan keluar.  Security  di perumahan tugasnya tidak hanya menjaga portal jika malam hari,  security  harus berkeliling perumahan untuk memastikan keadaan tetap aman. Dan pada waktu  security  berkeliling itulah permasalahannya, jika ada warga perumahan yang akan masuk dan keluar harus menunggu security kembali ke portal karena portal terkunci. Pada penelitian ini modem yang digunakan adalah modem wavecom fastrak yang berfungsi mengecek miscall dan mengirim sms, ATmega16 berfungsi sebagai control otak,motor servo berfungsi sebagai penggerak portal, LCD berfungsi untuk menampilkan ID warga, sensor  ultrasonic  berfungsi untuk mendeteksi jarak mobil dengan portal,  dengan ini warga perumahan yang akan masuk atau keluar pada malam hari tidak harus menunggu security.Kata Kunci :  ATMega 16,  Modem  Wavecom  Fastrak,  Sensor  Ultrasonic,  Motor servo, dan LCDAbstractHousing  portal is  closed  in the evening, then  the  portal  will  be  guarded  by  security  on duty  to  open  the portal  if  occupants of  residential  home go home at night  or  go out.  Security  inhousing  not  only  to  keep  the  portal  at  night,  but also should wander  around  the housing  toensure the  situation  is secure.  When wandering  the security  has  problem,  if  housing  residentscome they have to wait security back.In this study the modem is a wavecom fastrak modem that has function for miscall checking and sending sms, ATmega16 is brain as control, servo motor drive a portal, the LCD is used to display the residents ID, ultrasonic sensor is used to detect the distance between the car and the portal, with this tool housing residents who will go out at night do not have to wait for security.Keywords : ATMega 16, Wavecom Fastrak Modem, Ultrasonic sensors, Servo motors, and LC

Ethnic Minority Microparticles have Distinct Pro-Thrombotic and Pro-Oxidative Phenotypes and Interact Differentially with Endothelial Cells in vitro: Implications for Risk to Cardiovascular Disease.

open access articleEthnic minority individuals are disproportionately susceptible to endothelial dysfunction and cardiovascular disease (CVD). Microparticles (MP) are biologically active membrane-bound nanovesicles released from cells that act as biomolecular shuttles. Plasma MP was isolated from healthy White, Black African, and South Asian individuals and analysed using flow cytometry. Their effects and interactions were assessed using fluorescence, confocal, and scanning electron microscopy. Total MP and a sub-population of smaller MP associated with dysfunction and disease progression were significantly increased in Black African individuals. Pro-thrombotic and pro-oxidant MP were substantially more numerous in Black African individuals. The tissue factor activity of ethnic minority MP was significantly greater than White MP. Ethnic minority MP induced significantly greater functional changes and morphology to an endothelial cell line in vitro and integrated into endothelial cells noticeably more than White MP. These data imply distinct differences in ethnic minority MP, suggesting a role in CVD susceptibility

TRPM7 deficiency exacerbates cardiovascular and renal damage induced by aldosterone-salt

Hyperaldosteronism causes cardiovascular disease as well as hypomagnesemia. Mechanisms are ill-defined but dysregulation of TRPM7, a Mg2+-permeable channel/α-kinase, may be important. We examined the role of TRPM7 in aldosterone-dependent cardiovascular and renal injury by studying aldosterone-salt treated TRPM7-deficient (TRPM7+/Δkinase) mice. Plasma/tissue [Mg2+] and TRPM7 phosphorylation were reduced in vehicle-treated TRPM7+/Δkinase mice, effects recapitulated in aldosterone-salt-treated wild-type mice. Aldosterone-salt treatment exaggerated vascular dysfunction and amplified cardiovascular and renal fibrosis, with associated increased blood pressure in TRPM7+/Δkinase mice. Tissue expression of Mg2+-regulated phosphatases (PPM1A, PTEN) was downregulated and phosphorylation of Smad3, ERK1/2, and Stat1 was upregulated in aldosterone-salt TRPM7-deficient mice. Aldosterone-induced phosphorylation of pro-fibrotic signaling was increased in TRPM7+/Δkinase fibroblasts, effects ameliorated by Mg2+ supplementation. TRPM7 deficiency amplifies aldosterone-salt-induced cardiovascular remodeling and damage. We identify TRPM7 downregulation and associated hypomagnesemia as putative molecular mechanisms underlying deleterious cardiovascular and renal effects of hyperaldosteronism

Diminishing benefits of urban living for children and adolescents’ growth and development

Optimal growth and development in childhood and adolescence is crucial for lifelong health and well-being1–6. Here we used data from 2,325 population-based studies, with measurements of height and weight from 71 million participants, to report the height and body-mass index (BMI) of children and adolescents aged 5–19 years on the basis of rural and urban place of residence in 200 countries and territories from 1990 to 2020. In 1990, children and adolescents residing in cities were taller than their rural counterparts in all but a few high-income countries. By 2020, the urban height advantage became smaller in most countries, and in many high-income western countries it reversed into a small urban-based disadvantage. The exception was for boys in most countries in sub-Saharan Africa and in some countries in Oceania, south Asia and the region of central Asia, Middle East and north Africa. In these countries, successive cohorts of boys from rural places either did not gain height or possibly became shorter, and hence fell further behind their urban peers. The difference between the age-standardized mean BMI of children in urban and rural areas was <1.1 kg m–2 in the vast majority of countries. Within this small range, BMI increased slightly more in cities than in rural areas, except in south Asia, sub-Saharan Africa and some countries in central and eastern Europe. Our results show that in much of the world, the growth and developmental advantages of living in cities have diminished in the twenty-first century, whereas in much of sub-Saharan Africa they have amplified

Diminishing benefits of urban living for children and adolescents’ growth and development

Optimal growth and development in childhood and adolescence is crucial for lifelong health and well-being1–6. Here we used data from 2,325 population-based studies, with measurements of height and weight from 71 million participants, to report the height and body-mass index (BMI) of children and adolescents aged 5–19 years on the basis of rural and urban place of residence in 200 countries and territories from 1990 to 2020. In 1990, children and adolescents residing in cities were taller than their rural counterparts in all but a few high-income&nbsp;countries. By 2020, the urban height advantage became smaller in most countries, and in many high-income western countries it reversed into a small urban-based disadvantage. The exception was for boys in most countries in sub-Saharan Africa and in some countries in Oceania, south Asia and the region of central Asia, Middle East and north Africa. In these countries, successive cohorts of boys from rural places either did not gain height or possibly became shorter, and hence fell further behind their urban peers. The difference between the age-standardized mean BMI of children in urban and rural areas was &lt;1.1 kg m–2 in the vast majority of&nbsp;countries. Within this small range, BMI increased slightly more in cities than in rural areas, except in south Asia, sub-Saharan Africa and some countries in central and eastern Europe. Our results show that in much of the world, the growth and developmental advantages of living in cities have diminished in the twenty-first century, whereas in much of sub-Saharan Africa they have amplified

Worldwide trends in underweight and obesity from 1990 to 2022: a pooled analysis of 3663 population-representative studies with 222 million children, adolescents, and adults

Background Underweight and obesity are associated with adverse health outcomes throughout the life course. We estimated the individual and combined prevalence of underweight or thinness and obesity, and their changes, from 1990 to 2022 for adults and school-aged children and adolescents in 200 countries and territories. Methods We used data from 3663 population-based studies with 222 million participants that measured height and weight in representative samples of the general population. We used a Bayesian hierarchical model to estimate trends in the prevalence of different BMI categories, separately for adults (age ≥20 years) and school-aged children and adolescents (age 5–19 years), from 1990 to 2022 for 200 countries and territories. For adults, we report the individual and combined prevalence of underweight (BMI &lt;18·5 kg/m2) and obesity (BMI ≥30 kg/m2). For school&#x2;aged children and adolescents, we report thinness (BMI &lt;2 SD below the median of the WHO growth reference) and obesity (BMI &gt;2 SD above the median). Findings From 1990 to 2022, the combined prevalence of underweight and obesity in adults decreased in 11 countries (6%) for women and 17 (9%) for men with a posterior probability of at least 0·80 that the observed changes were true decreases. The combined prevalence increased in 162 countries (81%) for women and 140 countries (70%) for men with a posterior probability of at least 0·80. In 2022, the combined prevalence of underweight and obesity was highest in island nations in the Caribbean and Polynesia and Micronesia, and countries in the Middle East and north Africa. Obesity prevalence was higher than underweight with posterior probability of at least 0·80 in 177 countries (89%) for women and 145 (73%) for men in 2022, whereas the converse was true in 16 countries (8%) for women, and 39 (20%) for men. From 1990 to 2022, the combined prevalence of thinness and obesity decreased among girls in five countries (3%) and among boys in 15 countries (8%) with a posterior probability of at least 0·80, and increased among girls in 140 countries (70%) and boys in 137 countries (69%) with a posterior probability of at least 0·80. The countries with highest combined prevalence of thinness and obesity in school-aged children and adolescents in 2022 were in Polynesia and Micronesia and the Caribbean for both sexes, and Chile and Qatar for boys. Combined prevalence was also high in some countries in south Asia, such as India and Pakistan, where thinness remained prevalent despite having declined. In 2022, obesity in school-aged children and adolescents was more prevalent than thinness with a posterior probability of at least 0·80 among girls in 133 countries (67%) and boys in 125 countries (63%), whereas the converse was true in 35 countries (18%) and 42 countries (21%), respectively. In almost all countries for both adults and school-aged children and adolescents, the increases in double burden were driven by increases in obesity, and decreases in double burden by declining underweight or thinness. Interpretation The combined burden of underweight and obesity has increased in most countries, driven by an increase in obesity, while underweight and thinness remain prevalent in south Asia and parts of Africa. A healthy nutrition transition that enhances access to nutritious foods is needed to address the remaining burden of underweight while curbing and reversing the increase in obesit

Worldwide trends in underweight and obesity from 1990 to 2022: a pooled analysis of 3663 population-representative studies with 222 million children, adolescents, and adults

Background Underweight and obesity are associated with adverse health outcomes throughout the life course. We estimated the individual and combined prevalence of underweight or thinness and obesity, and their changes, from 1990 to 2022 for adults and school-aged children and adolescents in 200 countries and territories. Methods We used data from 3663 population-based studies with 222 million participants that measured height and weight in representative samples of the general population. We used a Bayesian hierarchical model to estimate trends in the prevalence of different BMI categories, separately for adults (age ≥20 years) and school-aged children and adolescents (age 5–19 years), from 1990 to 2022 for 200 countries and territories. For adults, we report the individual and combined prevalence of underweight (BMI 2 SD above the median). Findings From 1990 to 2022, the combined prevalence of underweight and obesity in adults decreased in 11 countries (6%) for women and 17 (9%) for men with a posterior probability of at least 0·80 that the observed changes were true decreases. The combined prevalence increased in 162 countries (81%) for women and 140 countries (70%) for men with a posterior probability of at least 0·80. In 2022, the combined prevalence of underweight and obesity was highest in island nations in the Caribbean and Polynesia and Micronesia, and countries in the Middle East and north Africa. Obesity prevalence was higher than underweight with posterior probability of at least 0·80 in 177 countries (89%) for women and 145 (73%) for men in 2022, whereas the converse was true in 16 countries (8%) for women, and 39 (20%) for men. From 1990 to 2022, the combined prevalence of thinness and obesity decreased among girls in five countries (3%) and among boys in 15 countries (8%) with a posterior probability of at least 0·80, and increased among girls in 140 countries (70%) and boys in 137 countries (69%) with a posterior probability of at least 0·80. The countries with highest combined prevalence of thinness and obesity in school-aged children and adolescents in 2022 were in Polynesia and Micronesia and the Caribbean for both sexes, and Chile and Qatar for boys. Combined prevalence was also high in some countries in south Asia, such as India and Pakistan, where thinness remained prevalent despite having declined. In 2022, obesity in school-aged children and adolescents was more prevalent than thinness with a posterior probability of at least 0·80 among girls in 133 countries (67%) and boys in 125 countries (63%), whereas the converse was true in 35 countries (18%) and 42 countries (21%), respectively. In almost all countries for both adults and school-aged children and adolescents, the increases in double burden were driven by increases in obesity, and decreases in double burden by declining underweight or thinness. Interpretation The combined burden of underweight and obesity has increased in most countries, driven by an increase in obesity, while underweight and thinness remain prevalent in south Asia and parts of Africa. A healthy nutrition transition that enhances access to nutritious foods is needed to address the remaining burden of underweight while curbing and reversing the increase in obesity. Funding UK Medical Research Council, UK Research and Innovation (Research England), UK Research and Innovation (Innovate UK), and European Union