Relationships among chlorophyll-meter reading value, leaf n and yield of cucumber and tomatoes

Relationships between destructive and non-destructive nitrogen analysis were evaluated by using data obtained from cucumber and tomatoes experiments supplied with different sources and rates of nitrogen. Leaf chlorophyll was measured by using SPAD-502 chlorophyll-meter. Leaf sample was collected for N determination in the same day that chlorophyll-meter reading was recorded. Regression analysis was performed on the data to find relationship among chlorophyll meter reading value, leaf N and yield. There was a significant correlation between leaf N and chlorophyll content of tomato (r=0.470, p<0.01). Regression equation was found as y= 1.42+0.048x, where y is leaf N content, x is chlorophyll-meter reading value. In cucumber significant correlation was found between leaf N chlorophyll content only in 2001 experiment (r=0.786, p<0.001). Regression equation was found as y= -7.52+0.280x, where y is leaf N content, x is chlorophyll-meter reading value. These regression equations can be used to monitor N status of cucumber and tomatoes using chlorophyll-meter reading

Tomato and cucumber seedling growth on compost obtained from rice husk, poultry manure and sunflower cake

The aim of the study was to investigate the suitability of compost obtained from rice husk, poultry manure and sunflower cake for growing cucumber and tomato seedlings. Treatments were as follows: peat (100%), compost (100%), peat + compost (1:1 v/v), peat + perlite (1:1 v/v), and compost + perlite (1:1 v/v). In tomato, there were no significant differences among treatments in terms of investigated characteristics. However, in cucumber there were significant differences among treatments in stem diameter, dry shoot weight, leaf chlorophyll and K content of seedling. Peat + perlite (1:1 v/v) media gave the lowest value in terms of these characteristics when compared to the others. Based on the experimental data it was concluded that compost obtained from rice husk, poultry manure, and sunflower cake can be used successfully for growing cucumber and tomatoes seedling alone or mixed with peat (50%) or perlite (50%)

Effects of different nitrogen rates on yield and leaf nutrient contents of drip-fertigated and greenhouse-grown cucumber

The aim of the present study was to investigate the effect of the nitrogen concentrations (0-100-150-200 mg N L-1) and their application frequencies (one and twice per week) on yield and leaf nutrient content of drip-fertigated cucumber on sandy-loam soil under the glasshouse conditions and also to determine whether there was a difference between the application of low nitrogen concentrations (50 and 100 mg N L-1) continuously and high nitrogen concentrations (200 and 250 mg N L-1) twice per week in terms of investigated characteristics. The highest yield (75.21 ha-1) was obtained with the application of 200 mg N L-1 nitrogen twice per week. Irrespective of application frequency, the highest total yield was produced with 200 mg N L-1 nitrogen concentration (71.2 t ha -1). Nitrogen application twice per week also resulted in higher early yield compared to once a week application. Nitrogen concentration and application frequency also affected fruit number. The highest fruit number was obtained with 200 mg N L-1 nitrogen concentration (59.4 fruit m -2). While the chlorophyll content of the leaf was affected by only nitrogen concentration, the nitrogen (N) and phosphate (P) content of the leaf were affected by both the nitrogen concentration and the application frequency. Whereas potassium (K) content of the leaf was influenced by the application frequency of nitrogen. The N, P and K contents of the leaf were within the sufficiency level. In the study where different nitrogen concentrations were applied at each irrigation (continuously) or at twice per week, the best result obtained with application of 200 mg N L-1 nitrogen concentration twice per week (86.6 t ha-1). Based on these results it was concluded that application of 200 mg N L-1 nitrogen twice per week irrigation together with 200 mg K L-1 +40 mg Mg L-1 +2.5 mg Fe L -1 once a week was adequate in terms of yield and leaf nutrient contents. Also, application of lower nitrogen concentrations at each irrigation did not produced greater yield when compared to 200 mg N L-1 nitrogen applied twice per week. It can be concluded from this result that there is no need to continuous nitrogen supply in fertigation. © 2006 Asian Network for Scientific Information

Non-exchangeable and exchangeable potassium status of soils in relation to clay mineralogy and other soil properties in Hilvan area of upper Mesopotamia in southeastern Anatolia

Non-exchangeable and exchangeable potassium (K) contents in relation to clay mineralogy of the 105 soil samples collected from 35 soil series in the Hilvan area of the upper Mesopotamia in the southeastern Anatolia were studied. It was concluded that the major part of the non-exchangeable K is located in the clay fraction which is predominantly of smectite, with some kaolinite and a small amount of paligorskite. In addition, a strong positive correlation between the non-exchangeable and exchangeable K fraction indicated that as the non-exchangeable K increases, the amount of exchangeable K also increases, resulting in higher buffering capacity of soils in terms of K than that of soils low in non-exchangeable K

Homeless deaths in Istanbul, Turkey

PubMed: 18511007We retrospectively analyzed the autopsy records of the Council of Forensic Medicine during the 5-year period between the years 2000 and 2004 to contribute to the efforts targeted at lowering death rate in the milieu of homelessness by documenting the current status of this group particularly in terms of mode of death. Two hundred and nine of the 229 cases (91.27%) were males and remaining 20 were females. The preponderance of male cases in our autopsy population was also detected in homeless population. Most of the cases were in the age group of 40-49 years (64 cases, 27.95%). One hundred and ninety two corpses (83.85%) were found outdoors and only 37 of the cases (16.15%) indoors. Natural events constituted the cause of death in 138 of the cases (60.26%) and in remainder 91 cases the cause of death was related to an unnatural event (39.74%). In approximately 1/3 of the cases of natural death cases, autopsy revealed the evidence of pulmonary tuberculosis but only in 32 of these cases the tuberculosis was the primary cause of death. The presence of alcohol was found to be significantly associated with the manner of death. Blood alcohol level over 50 mg/100 ml was determined only in 9.42% of natural death cases, whereas it was positive in 61.53% of unnatural death cases. We concluded that immediate precautions targeted at lowering death rate in this population must include health care for preventable natural diseases. © 2008 Elsevier Ltd and FFLM

Potassium potential of the soils of the Gevaş region in Eastern Anatolia

Due to its semi-arid climate and sloping topography, Eastern Anatolia has limited soil resources for agriculture, strongly necessitating sustainable land management. Fertile soils occur only in limited areas such as the Gevaş region, where sugar beet is one of the main crops with a particular need for K. Unfortunately, studies on the non-exchangeable (slowly available) and exchangeable K contents, along with soil properties such as clay mineralogy, organic matter content and texture, which are closely related to soil production potential, are not sufficient in the region. Thus, 40 soil samples out of 7 soil series were collected for the determination of the K - potential of the region. Results revealed that the non-exchangeable K (potential) of the Gevaş region soils has predominantly originated from illite and exchangeable K (available) from organic matter and illite. The exchangeable potassium levels for Hasbey II, Yuva, Yemişlik II, Orak and Iskele and Yemişlik, Hasbey, Hasbey III, Güzelkonak, Güzelkonak II are determined to be sufficient for the present non-intensive agriculture, but for the Mülk soils there is a need for K fertilisation. The results of this study are expected to partly relieve the low - income farmers of the area from the economical burden of fertilization for K practiced in the present non - intensive agriculture. © TÜBITAK

Support to Syrian refugees in Turkey: The roles of descriptive and injunctive norms, threat, and negative emotions

This research investigates individual’s support for social provisions and rights of Syrian refugees in Turkey. Support is examined in relation to perceived threat of Syrian refugees and negative emotions in combination with the perception of family and friends considering Syrian refugees a threat (negative descriptive social norm) and whether these significant others morally support these refugees (positive injunctive norms). A questionnaire study was conducted among Turkish participants (N = 565), and the results show that perception of threat was associated with negative emotions which, in turn, were related to less support to Syrian refugees. Additionally, perception of threat was associated with less support through negative emotions when perceived descriptive norms were strong. Further, perceived injunctive norms were associated with more support to Syrian refugees, but less so when people had stronger negative emotions. These findings suggest that with negative descriptive norms, threat-based negative emotions are associated with less support to Syrian refugees, and that stronger negative emotions make the association between positive injunctive norms and support weaker