Frauen - Forschung - Feminismus

Die Frauen- und Geschlechterforschung spielt als konzeptioneller Querschnittsbereich zu allen Forschungsfeldern des Hannah-Arendt-Instituts für Totalitarismusforschung e.V. an der TU Dresden eine immer größere Rolle für die wissenschaftliche Arbeit des Instituts. Perspektivisch soll diese Forschungsrichtung in verschiedenen Projekten tonangebend sein. Dementsprechend stellte die Auseinandersetzung mit Themen der Frauen- und Genderforschung innerhalb der Sonderreihe „Frauen – Forschung – Feminismus“ auf dem Blog des Hannah-Arendt-Instituts „Denken ohne Geländer“ einen wichtigen Anfang dar. Mit dem vorliegenden Sammelband sollen die Beiträge dieser Reihe – mitunter aktualisiert oder ergänzt und um vier Texte erweitert – wiederholt veröffentlicht und im Format eines digitalen Sammelbandes einem noch breiteren Publikum zugänglich gemacht werden. In vielen Beiträgen geht es dabei um Kämpfe für Gleichberechtigung und Gleichstellung der Frau, um ihre Wahrnehmung in der Gesellschaft, um Möglichkeiten der Identitätsentfaltung, um Freiheitsbestrebungen, das Einfordern von Bildungszugängen, um das Hören ihrer Stimme(n) und nicht zuletzt um individuelle Selbstbestimmung und Selbstverwirklichung. Frauen erkämpften und erkämpfen sich Sichtbarkeit und reißen Strukturen ein. Darüber hinaus zeigen die hier vorliegenden Texte zugleich, dass es um wesentlich mehr geht, wenn man sich mit Frauen- und Geschlechterforschung befasst, – es geht im Kern um eine kritische Auseinandersetzung mit gesellschaftlichen, politischen, sozialen sowie kulturellen Macht- und Herrschaftsverhältnissen.:Claudia Böttcher / Francesca Weil „Frauen – Forschung – Feminismus“. Eine Einführung Jeannette van Laak Lea Grundig – eine Migrantin im 20. Jahrhundert Jessica Bock Aufbruch – Anpassung – Selbstbehauptung: Die ostdeutsche Frauenbewegung in den 1990er-Jahren am Beispiel Leipzigs Shogufa Malekyar Brückenbauerinnen: Zur Integration afghanischer Frauen in Deutschland Magdalena Gehring Die Amerikarezeption in der deutschen Frauenbewegung im 19. Jahrhundert Susan Arndt Sexismus. Oder die #MeNot-Illusion Marion Kaplan Wandlungen im Geschlechterverhalten jüdischer Familien (1933–1939) Anke Blümm Vergessene Bauhaus-Frauen – Lebensschicksale in den 1930er und 1940er-Jahren Francesca Weil „Feuerkraut“ – Gerda Lerner und die Gründung des weltweit ersten Lehrstuhls für historische Frauenforschung Greta Jasser / Dominik Hammer Natürliche Bettgefährten – rechte Onlinebewegungen und die Mannosphäre Alexander Rode Vagabundinnen. Hans Ostwalds Darstellung weiblicher Nichtsesshaftigkeit um 1900 Marion Vera Röwekamp Marie Munk – „Pioneer Woman Judge“ und die Gleichberechtigung der Frau in der Familie Fruzsina Müller „… mit den mannigfachen Gerätschaften und Methoden der neueren Krankenpflege“. Die Anfänge des modernen (konfessionellen) Krankenpflegeberufs in Leipzig und seine Auswirkungen bis heute Udo Grashoff Mehr als eine „Lady mit der Lampe“: Florence Nightingale – Statistikerin und Sozialreformerin Heidi Stecker Passion Pink. Über Feminismus im Werk von Heike Lydia Grüß Sophie Seeliger „Und führen, wohin ich nicht will“. Geflüchtete Frauen aus den deutschen Ostgebieten 1944/45 Autor:innenverzeichni

Integrating intercultural communicative competence into the curriculum of a department of foreign languages: an exploratory case study

Der vorliegende Artikel beschreibt die Initiative, interkulturelle Kommunikationskompetenz als festen Bestandteil in das Curriculum eines Institutes für Fremdsprachen zu integrieren. Zudem werden die neun relevanten Schritte, die während dieses Prozesses unternommen wurden, erläutert. Den auftretenden Herausforderungen, Niederlagen und Erfolgen wurde besondere Aufmerksamkeit gewidmet. Darüber hinaus präzisieren die Autoren die Erkenntnisse, die sie aus dem Projekt gewonnen haben, so dass sich andere Einrichtungen, wie z. B. Fremdsprachenabteilungen oder andere interessierte Institutionen, die hier gesammelten Erfahrungen zunutze machen können. Die Autoren schließen ihren Beitrag mit einer Ausführung über die Schwierigkeit des Projektes ab, beleuchten den derzeitigen Status und geben einen Ausblick auf zukünftige Pläne der Initiative.This article presents an ongoing initiative to integrate intercultural communicative competence into the curriculum of a department of foreign languages. This work identifies and describes the nine emergent steps that were taken as part of the process, giving special attention to the challenges, failures, and successes encountered by the group. In addition, the authors articulate five lessons learned from the project so that other departments, from foreign languages or other disciplines, may learn from the experiences described. The authors conclude with a general statement about the relative difficulty of the project, highlighting the current status and future plans for the initiative

Stable Metabolic Control but Increased Demand for Professional Support in Children with Type 1 Diabetes in the Past Ten Years in Bern/Switzerland: A Quality Control Study.

Introduction Lower HbA1c targets and increasingly complex diabetes management with substantially increasing costs dominate today's type 1 diabetes therapy in children and adolescents. Objective To evaluate metabolic control in children and adolescents with type 1 diabetes and assess associated factors, evaluate determinants for frequency of healthcare contacts, and compare actual with historical data. Method This cross-sectional observational study collected data on 178 children and adolescents with type 1 diabetes treated at the University Children's Hospital in Bern. Results Mean HbA1c was 7.9% (63 mmol/mol), 33.1% (59/178) of children reached the target of HbA1c < 7.5% (<59 mmol/mol), and 18.0% (32/178) had an HbA1c value < 7.0% (<53 mmol/mol). Compared to historical data, stable HbA1c levels appeared with a doubled proportion of individuals using insulin pumps. Metabolic control was worse with a longer duration of diabetes and younger age at diagnosis but better when parents came from a Western European country. Age at the consultation, use of diabetes technology and native language influenced the number of healthcare contacts. Younger patients, patients using CSII, and patients without an official Swiss language as mother tongue had more consultations with a healthcare professional than older and native language individuals. Conclusion The metabolic targets in childhood and adolescent type 1 diabetes are still unmet despite a shift towards more technology. Our study documents a higher demand for support and supervision in specific patient groups. An investment to increase healthcare contacts could help combat the increase in total diabetes cost and significantly improve metabolic control

"Trooping the color”: restoring the original donor skin color by addition of melanocytes to bioengineered skin analogs

Purpose: Autologous skin substitutes to cover large skin defects are used since several years. Melanocytes, although essential for solar protection and pigmentation of skin, are not yet systematically added to such substitutes. In this experimental study, we reconstructed melanocyte-containing dermo-epidermal skin substitutes from donor skins of different skin pigmentation types and studied them in an animal model. Features pertinent to skin color were analyzed and compared in both skin substitutes and original donor skin. Methods: Keratinocytes, melanocytes, and fibroblast were isolated, cultured, and expanded from skin biopsies of light- and dark-pigmented patients. For each donor, melanocytes and keratinocytes were seeded in different ratios (1:1, 1:5, 1:10) onto collagen gels previously populated with autologous fibroblasts. Skin substitutes were then transplanted onto full-thickness wounds of immuno-incompetent rats. After 8weeks, macroscopic and microscopic analyses were conducted with regard to skin color and architecture. Results: Chromameter evaluation revealed that skin color of reconstructed light- and dark-pigmented skin was very similar to donor skin, independent of which melanocyte/keratinocyte ratio was added. Histological analyses of the skin analogs confirmed these findings. Conclusion: These data suggest that adding autologous melanocytes to bioengineered dermo-epidermal skin analogs can sustainably restore the patients' native skin colo

Rebuild, restore, reinnervate: do human tissue engineered dermo-epidermal skin analogs attract host nerve fibers for innervation?

Purpose: Tissue engineered skin substitutes are a promising tool to cover large skin defects, but little is known about reinnervation of transplants. In this experimental study, we analyzed the ingrowth of host peripheral nerve fibers into human tissue engineered dermo-epidermal skin substitutes in a rat model. Using varying cell types in the epidermal compartment, we wanted to assess the influence of epidermal cell types on reinnervation of the substitute. Methods: We isolated keratinocytes, melanocytes, fibroblasts, and eccrine sweat gland cells from human skin biopsies. After expansion, epidermal cells were seeded on human dermal fibroblast-containing collagen type I hydrogels as follows: (1) keratinocytes only, (2) keratinocytes with melanocytes, (3) sweat gland cells. These substitutes were transplanted into full-thickness skin wounds on the back of immuno-incompetent rats and were analyzed after 3 and 8weeks. Histological sections were examined with regard to myelinated and unmyelinated nerve fiber ingrowth using markers such as PGP9.5, NF-200, and NF-145. Results: After 3weeks, the skin substitutes of all three epidermal cell variants showed no neuronal ingrowth from the host into the transplant. After 8weeks, we could detect an innervation of all three types of skin substitutes. However, the nerve fibers were restricted to the dermal compartment and we could not find any unmyelinated fibers in the epidermis. Furthermore, there was no distinct difference between the constructs resulting from the different cell types used to generate an epidermis. Conclusion: Our human tissue engineered dermo-epidermal skin substitutes demonstrate a host-derived innervation of the dermal compartment as early as 8weeks after transplantation. Thus, our substitutes apparently have the capacity to attract nerve fibers from adjacent host tissues, which also grow into grafts and thereby potentially restore skin sensitivit

Integrating Intercultural Communicative Competence into the curriculum of a department of Foreign Languages: An Exploratory Case Study

Der vorliegende Artikel beschreibt die Initiative, interkulturelle Kommunikationskompetenz als festen Bestandteil in das Curriculum eines Institutes für Fremdsprachen zu integrieren. Zudem werden die neun relevanten Schritte, die während dieses Prozesses unternommen wurden, erläutert. Den auftretenden Herausforderungen, Niederlagen und Erfolgen wurde besondere Aufmerksamkeit gewidmet. Darüber hinaus präzisieren die Autoren die Erkenntnisse, die sie aus dem Projekt gewonnen haben, so dass sich andere Einrichtungen, wie z. B. Fremdsprachenabteilungen oder andere interessierte Institutionen, die hier gesammelten Erfahrungen zunutze machen können. Die Autoren schließen ihren Beitrag mit einer Ausführung über die Schwierigkeit des Projektes ab, beleuchten den derzeitigen Status und geben einen Ausblick auf zukünftige Pläne der Initiative.This article presents an ongoing initiative to integrate intercultural communicative competence into the curriculum of a department of foreign languages. This work identifies and describes the nine emergent steps that were taken as part of the process, giving special attention to the challenges, failures, and successes encountered by the group. In addition, the authors articulate five lessons learned from the project so that other departments, from foreign languages or other disciplines, may learn from the experiences described. The authors conclude with a general statement about the relative difficulty of the project, highlighting the current status and future plans for the initiative

Early vs late histological confirmation of coeliac disease in children with new-onset type 1 diabetes

AIM Screening for coeliac disease in asymptomatic children with new-onset type 1 diabetes is controversial. The aim of this study was to analyse whether the confirmation of coeliac disease in children with new-onset type 1 diabetes and positive screening results can be postponed. METHODS This was a multicentre population-based cohort study based on the German/Austrian/Swiss/Luxembourgian Prospective Diabetes Follow-up Registry (Diabetes Patienten Verlaufsdokumentation [DPV]). Participants aged ≤18 years diagnosed with type 1 diabetes between 1995 and June 2021 and with elevated IgA tissue transglutaminase antibodies (anti-tTGA) at diabetes onset on screening for coeliac disease were included. We compared outcomes of participants with a diabetes duration of more than 1 year between those in whom coeliac disease was confirmed histologically within the first 6 months and those in whom coeliac disease was confirmed between 6 and 36 months after diabetes diagnosis. RESULTS Of 92,278 children and adolescents with a diagnosis of type 1 diabetes, 26,952 (29.2%) had documented anti-tTGA data at diabetes onset. Of these, 2340 (8.7%) had an elevated anti-tTGA level. Individuals who screened positive were younger (median age 9.0 vs 9.8 years, p<0.001) and more often female (53.1% vs 44.4%, p<0.001). A total of 533 participants (22.8% of those who screened positive) had a documented biopsy, of whom 444 had documented histological confirmation of coeliac disease. Of 411 participants with biopsy-proven coeliac disease within the first 36 months of diabetes and follow-up data, histological confirmation was performed in 264 (64.2%) within the first 6 months and in 147 (35.8%) between 6 and 36 months after diabetes onset. At follow-up (median diabetes duration 5.3 years and 5.1 years, respectively), estimated median HbA1c levels (62.8 mmol/mol vs 62.2 mmol/mol [7.9% vs 7.8%]), cardiovascular risk markers (lipids, rate of microalbuminuria, blood pressure), rates of acute diabetes complications (diabetic ketoacidosis, severe hypoglycaemia) and the proportions of participants reaching anti-tTGA levels within the normal range did not differ between groups. Participants with delayed histological confirmation of coeliac disease showed no negative effects on growth or weight gain during the observation period. CONCLUSIONS Our study suggests that the histological confirmation of coeliac disease in asymptomatic individuals with new-onset type 1 diabetes could be postponed

Biplanar High-Speed Fluoroscopy of Pony Superficial Digital Flexor Tendon (SDFT)-An In Vivo Pilot Study.

The superficial digital flexor tendon (SDFT) is the most frequently injured structure of the musculoskeletal system in sport horses and a common cause for early retirement. This project's aim was to visualize and measure the strain of the sound, injured, and healing SDFTs in a pony during walk and trot. For this purpose, biplanar high-speed fluoroscopic kinematography (FluoKin), as a high precision X-ray movement analysis tool, was used for the first time in vivo with equine tendons. The strain in the metacarpal region of the sound SDFT was 2.86% during walk and 6.78% during trot. When injured, the strain increased to 3.38% during walk and decreased to 5.96% during trot. The baseline strain in the mid-metacarpal region was 3.13% during walk and 6.06% during trot and, when injured, decreased to 2.98% and increased to 7.61%, respectively. Following tendon injury, the mid-metacarpal region contributed less to the overall strain during walk but showed increased contribution during trot. Using this marker-based FluoKin technique, direct, high-precision, and long-term strain measurements in the same individual are possible. We conclude that FluoKin is a powerful tool for gaining deeper insight into equine tendon biomechanics

In Search of a Field-Based Relationship Between Benthic Macrofauna and Biogeochemistry in a Modern Brackish Coastal Sea

During several cruises in the southern Baltic Sea conducted in different seasons from 2014 to 2016, sediment cores were collected for the investigation of pore-water biogeochemistry and associated nutrient fluxes across the sediment-water interface. Six stations were positioned along a salinity gradient (ranging from 22 to 8) and covered various sedimentary habitats ranging from mud to sand. Integrated fluxes of nutrients in the supernatant water and sediment oxygen consumption were additionally derived from incubations of intact sediment cores. Subsequently, sediment from the pore-water and incubation cores was sieved for taxonomic identification and estimation of benthic macrofauna density. This combined dataset was used to determine the dominant factors influencing the vertical distribution of geochemical parameters in the pore-waters of the studied habitats and to find similarities and patterns explaining significant variations of solute fluxes across the sediment-water interface. A statistical relationship between the thickness of sulfide-free surface sediments, solute fluxes of sulfide, ammonium, and phosphate as well as oxygen consumption and taxonomic and functional characteristics of macrobenthic communities were tested. Our data and modeling results indicate that bioturbation and bioirrigation alter near-surface pore-water nutrient concentrations toward bottom water values. Besides sediment properties and microbial activity, the biogeochemical fluxes can further be explained by the functional structure of benthic macrofauna. Community bioturbation potential, species richness, and biomass of biodiffusers were the best proxies among the tested set of biotic and abiotic parameters and could explain 63% of multivariate total benthic flux variations. The effects of macrobenthos on ecosystem functioning differ between sediment types, specific locations and seasons. Both, species distribution and nutrient fluxes are temporally dynamic. Those natural patterns, as well as potential anthropogenic and natural disturbances (e.g., fishery, storm events), may cause impacts on field data in a way beyond our present capability of quantitative prediction, and require more detailed seasonal studies. The data presented here adds to our understanding of the complexity of natural ecosystem functioning under anthropogenic pressure