10 research outputs found
Storage problems of poplar chips from short rotation plantations with special emphasis on fungal development
There are several problems in storing wood chips freshly harvested from short rotation plantations, which result in quality losses as well as in dry matter and energy losses. The factors influencing the degradation of raw material are examined in this paper with special focus on fungal development. An excessive growth of fungi is connected to dry matter losses and also to an increased health risk during raw material handling.
The following factors were measured during 6 months storage of poplar wood chips depending on particle size: box temperature, moisture content, pH-value, appearance of fungi in the storage and the concentration of fungal particles in the air. The results show a close connection between particle size, temperature and attack of fungi. During the storage mesophilic and termophilic species of the genera Alternaria, Aspergillus, Cladosporium, Mucor and Penicillium appeared. The concentration of fungal particles is the highest for fine chips and decreases in bigger particles. There was a special focus on the investigation of the properties of coarse chips (G 50), which represent a good compromise between handling, storage losses and health risk due to fungal development.Rövid vĂĄgĂĄsfordulĂłjĂș nyĂĄr aprĂtĂ©k tĂĄrolĂĄsi problĂ©mĂĄi, kĂŒlönös tekintettel a kifejlĆdĆ gombĂĄkra. Frissen kitermelt rövid vĂĄgĂĄsfordulĂłjĂș fafajokbĂłl elĆĂĄllĂtott aprĂtĂ©k tĂĄrolĂĄsa sorĂĄn szĂĄmos problĂ©ma merĂŒl fel, melyek eredmĂ©nye minĆsĂ©g-, szĂĄrazanyag- Ă©s energiavesztesĂ©g. Ebben a tanulmĂĄnyban a nyersanyag-degradĂĄciĂłt befolyĂĄsolĂł tĂ©nyezĆk kerĂŒltek vizsgĂĄlatra, kĂŒlönös tekintettel a kifejlĆdĆ gombĂĄkra. Ezek rendkĂvĂŒli elszaporodĂĄsĂĄnak köszönhetĆ a szĂĄrazanyag-vesztesĂ©g mellett a nyersanyag kezelĂ©se sorĂĄn fellĂ©pĆ, megnövekedett egĂ©szsĂ©gĂŒgyi kockĂĄzat is.
NyĂĄr faaprĂtĂ©k hat hĂłnapos tĂĄrolĂĄsa folyamĂĄn az aprĂtĂ©kmĂ©ret fĂŒggvĂ©nyĂ©ben a következĆ tĂ©nyezĆk mĂ©rĂ©se zajlott: a tĂĄrolĂłn belĂŒli hĆmĂ©rsĂ©klet, nedvessĂ©gtartalom, pH, a tĂĄrolĂłban megjelenĆ gombĂĄk Ă©s azok szĂĄma a levegĆben. Az eredmĂ©nyek szoros összefĂŒggĂ©st mutatnak, kĂŒlönösen az aprĂtĂ©kmĂ©ret, a hĆmĂ©rsĂ©klet Ă©s a gombĂĄk szĂĄma közt. A tĂĄrolĂĄs sorĂĄn mezofil Ă©s termofil gombĂĄk fejlĆdtek. A következĆ nemzetsĂ©gekhez tartozĂł fajok voltak megfigyelhetĆk: Alternaria, Aspergillus, Cladosporium, Mucor, Penicillium. A gombĂĄk szĂĄma a finom aprĂtĂ©knĂĄl volt a legmagasabb, ami az aprĂtĂ©kmĂ©ret növekedĂ©sĂ©vel csökkent. A kutatĂĄs folyamĂĄn kĂŒlönös szerepet kapott a közĂ©pfinom aprĂtĂ©k tulajdonsĂĄgainak vizsgĂĄlata (G 50), mely kompromisszumos megoldĂĄst jelent a kezelĂ©s, tĂĄrolĂĄsi vesztesĂ©gek Ă©s a kifejlĆdĆ gombĂĄknak köszönhetĆ egĂ©szsĂ©gĂŒgyi kockĂĄzatok között
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Storage problems of poplar chips from short rotation plantations with special emphasis on fungal development
There are several problems in storing wood chips freshly harvested from short rotation plantations, which result in quality losses as well as in dry matter and energy losses. The factors influencing the degradation of raw material are examined in this paper with special focus on fungal development. An excessive growth of fungi is connected to dry matter losses and also to an increased health risk during raw material handling.
The following factors were measured during 6 months storage of poplar wood chips depending on particle size: box temperature, moisture content, pH-value, appearance of fungi in the storage and the concentration of fungal particles in the air. The results show a close connection between particle size, temperature and attack of fungi. During the storage mesophilic and termophilic species of the genera Alternaria, Aspergillus, Cladosporium, Mucor and Penicillium appeared. The concentration of fungal particles is the highest for fine chips and decreases in bigger particles. There was a special focus on the investigation of the properties of coarse chips (G 50), which represent a good compromise between handling, storage losses and health risk due to fungal development.Rövid vĂĄgĂĄsfordulĂłjĂș nyĂĄr aprĂtĂ©k tĂĄrolĂĄsi problĂ©mĂĄi, kĂŒlönös tekintettel a kifejlĆdĆ gombĂĄkra. Frissen kitermelt rövid vĂĄgĂĄsfordulĂłjĂș fafajokbĂłl elĆĂĄllĂtott aprĂtĂ©k tĂĄrolĂĄsa sorĂĄn szĂĄmos problĂ©ma merĂŒl fel, melyek eredmĂ©nye minĆsĂ©g-, szĂĄrazanyag- Ă©s energiavesztesĂ©g. Ebben a tanulmĂĄnyban a nyersanyag-degradĂĄciĂłt befolyĂĄsolĂł tĂ©nyezĆk kerĂŒltek vizsgĂĄlatra, kĂŒlönös tekintettel a kifejlĆdĆ gombĂĄkra. Ezek rendkĂvĂŒli elszaporodĂĄsĂĄnak köszönhetĆ a szĂĄrazanyag-vesztesĂ©g mellett a nyersanyag kezelĂ©se sorĂĄn fellĂ©pĆ, megnövekedett egĂ©szsĂ©gĂŒgyi kockĂĄzat is.
NyĂĄr faaprĂtĂ©k hat hĂłnapos tĂĄrolĂĄsa folyamĂĄn az aprĂtĂ©kmĂ©ret fĂŒggvĂ©nyĂ©ben a következĆ tĂ©nyezĆk mĂ©rĂ©se zajlott: a tĂĄrolĂłn belĂŒli hĆmĂ©rsĂ©klet, nedvessĂ©gtartalom, pH, a tĂĄrolĂłban megjelenĆ gombĂĄk Ă©s azok szĂĄma a levegĆben. Az eredmĂ©nyek szoros összefĂŒggĂ©st mutatnak, kĂŒlönösen az aprĂtĂ©kmĂ©ret, a hĆmĂ©rsĂ©klet Ă©s a gombĂĄk szĂĄma közt. A tĂĄrolĂĄs sorĂĄn mezofil Ă©s termofil gombĂĄk fejlĆdtek. A következĆ nemzetsĂ©gekhez tartozĂł fajok voltak megfigyelhetĆk: Alternaria, Aspergillus, Cladosporium, Mucor, Penicillium. A gombĂĄk szĂĄma a finom aprĂtĂ©knĂĄl volt a legmagasabb, ami az aprĂtĂ©kmĂ©ret növekedĂ©sĂ©vel csökkent. A kutatĂĄs folyamĂĄn kĂŒlönös szerepet kapott a közĂ©pfinom aprĂtĂ©k tulajdonsĂĄgainak vizsgĂĄlata (G 50), mely kompromisszumos megoldĂĄst jelent a kezelĂ©s, tĂĄrolĂĄsi vesztesĂ©gek Ă©s a kifejlĆdĆ gombĂĄknak köszönhetĆ egĂ©szsĂ©gĂŒgyi kockĂĄzatok között
Storage Problems of Poplar Chips from Short Rotation Plantations with Special Emphasis on Fungal Development = Rövid vĂĄgĂĄsfordulĂłjĂș nyĂĄr aprĂtĂ©k tĂĄrolĂĄsi problĂ©mĂĄi, kĂŒlönös tekintettel a kifejlĆdĆ gombĂĄkra
There are several problems in storing wood chips freshly harvested from short rotation
plantations, which result in quality losses as well as in dry matter and energy losses. The factors
influencing the degradation of raw material are examined in this paper with special focus on fungal
development. An excessive growth of fungi is connected to dry matter losses and also to an increased
health risk during raw material handling.
The following factors were measured during 6 months storage of poplar wood chips depending on
particle size: box temperature, moisture content, pH-value, appearance of fungi in the storage and the
concentration of fungal particles in the air. The results show a close connection between particle size,
temperature and attack of fungi. During the storage mesophilic and termophilic species of the genera
Alternaria, Aspergillus, Cladosporium, Mucor and Penicillium appeared. The concentration of fungal
particles is the highest for fine chips and decreases in bigger particles. There was a special focus on
the investigation of the properties of coarse chips (G 50), which represent a good compromise between
handling, storage losses and health risk due to fungal development. | Frissen kitermelt rövid vĂĄgĂĄsfordulĂłjĂș fafajokbĂłl elĆĂĄllĂtott aprĂtĂ©k tĂĄrolĂĄsa sorĂĄn szĂĄmos
problĂ©ma merĂŒl fel, melyek eredmĂ©nye minĆsĂ©g-, szĂĄrazanyag- Ă©s energiavesztesĂ©g. Ebben a
tanulmĂĄnyban a nyersanyag-degradĂĄciĂłt befolyĂĄsolĂł tĂ©nyezĆk kerĂŒltek vizsgĂĄlatra, kĂŒlönös tekintettel
a kifejlĆdĆ gombĂĄkra. Ezek rendkĂvĂŒli elszaporodĂĄsĂĄnak köszönhetĆ a szĂĄrazanyag-vesztesĂ©g mellett
a nyersanyag kezelĂ©se sorĂĄn fellĂ©pĆ, megnövekedett egĂ©szsĂ©gĂŒgyi kockĂĄzat is.
NyĂĄr faaprĂtĂ©k hat hĂłnapos tĂĄrolĂĄsa folyamĂĄn az aprĂtĂ©kmĂ©ret fĂŒggvĂ©nyĂ©ben a következĆ
tĂ©nyezĆk mĂ©rĂ©se zajlott: a tĂĄrolĂłn belĂŒli hĆmĂ©rsĂ©klet, nedvessĂ©gtartalom, pH, a tĂĄrolĂłban megjelenĆ
gombĂĄk Ă©s azok szĂĄma a levegĆben. Az eredmĂ©nyek szoros összefĂŒggĂ©st mutatnak, kĂŒlönösen az
aprĂtĂ©kmĂ©ret, a hĆmĂ©rsĂ©klet Ă©s a gombĂĄk szĂĄma közt. A tĂĄrolĂĄs sorĂĄn mezofil Ă©s termofil gombĂĄk
fejlĆdtek. A következĆ nemzetsĂ©gekhez tartozĂł fajok voltak megfigyelhetĆk: Alternaria, Aspergillus,
Cladosporium, Mucor, Penicillium. A gombĂĄk szĂĄma a finom aprĂtĂ©knĂĄl volt a legmagasabb, ami az
aprĂtĂ©kmĂ©ret növekedĂ©sĂ©vel csökkent. A kutatĂĄs folyamĂĄn kĂŒlönös szerepet kapott a közĂ©pfinom
aprĂtĂ©k tulajdonsĂĄgainak vizsgĂĄlata (G 50), mely kompromisszumos megoldĂĄst jelent a kezelĂ©s,
tĂĄrolĂĄsi vesztesĂ©gek Ă©s a kifejlĆdĆ gombĂĄknak köszönhetĆ egĂ©szsĂ©gĂŒgyi kockĂĄzatok között
Thermogravimetric and reaction kinetic analysis of biomass samples from an energy plantation
The products of a Hungarian experimental plantation for energy crops were investigated. Young shoots of poplar clones (Populus x euramericana and Populus x interamericana), black locust (Robinia pseudoacacia), willow (Salix alba), and an herbaceous plant (Miscanthus sinensis) revealed unexpectedly similar thermal behavior in inert and oxidative atmospheres, as well. An 8-fold difference in the level of grinding did not result in substantial differences in the thermal decomposition. The effect of oxygen in the ambient gas was studied at low sample masses (0.2-0.4 mg) that excluded the overheating due to the high reaction heat of the combustion process. The presence of oxygen affects the decomposition from ca. 220 degreesC. Nevertheless, the extrapolated onset temperature of the hemicellulose decomposition is practically the same at 0, 5, and 21 V/V% oxygen. A group of 12 experiments, representing two grinding levels, three plant genera and four different heating programs were evaluated simultaneously by the method of least squares employing the model of independent pseudocomponents. All evaluated experiments were well described by the same set of kinetic parameters; only the parameters describing the peak area of the partial processes differed. A technique was recommended for the appropriate handling of the nonrandom errors in the simultaneous evaluation of experiment series
Storage Problems of Poplar Chips from Short Rotation Plantations with Special Emphasis on Fungal Development
There are several problems in storing wood chips freshly harvested from short rotation plantations, which result in quality losses as well as in dry matter and energy losses. The factors influencing the degradation of raw material are examined in this paper with special focus on fungal development. An excessive growth of fungi is connected to dry matter losses and also to an increased health risk during raw material handling.The following factors were measured during 6 months storage of poplar wood chips depending on particle size: box temperature, moisture content, pH-value, appearance of fungi in the storage and the concentration of fungal particles in the air. The results show a close connection between particle size, temperature and attack of fungi. During the storage mesophilic and termophilic species of the genera Alternaria, Aspergillus, Cladosporium, Mucor and Penicillium appeared. The concentration of fungal particles is the highest for fine chips and decreases in bigger particles. There was a special focus on the investigation of the properties of coarse chips (G 50), which represent a good compromise between handling, storage losses and health risk due to fungal development
Effect of Culture Conditions on Fatty Acid Profiles of Bacteria and Lipopolysaccharides of the Genus Pseudomonas—GC-MS Analysis on Ionic Liquid-Based Column
The profiling of bacterial fatty acids is a well-established technique in identifying and classifying bacteria. Cultivation conditions may affect the biosynthesis, thereby, changing the fatty acid profile in bacteria. The effect of the culture conditions on the fatty acid components of Pseudomonas aeruginosa PAO1, Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC 27853, Pseudomonas aeruginosa polyresistant and Pseudomonas putida all are aligned to the genus Pseudomonas. The fatty acids in the lipopolysaccharides of Pseudomonas aeruginosa PAO1 were also examined. The effects of the cultivation conditions were followed by using agar and blood agar media at the characteristic temperatures, 25 °C, 37 °C and 42 °C, respectively, and an analysis was made during the 1st, 3rd and 5th day following inoculation. In addition to quantitative differences, we also experienced qualitative differences in the fatty acid profiles which detect newly appearing fatty acids, due to changes in environmental factors. The application of ionic liquid-based column unveils new possibilities for the analyses of fatty acids in GC-MS experiments for bacterial fatty acid profiling. The validation results (response linearity, limit of detection, limit of quantification, system suitability, intraday and interday repeatability and accuracy) show the high separation efficiency of the ionic liquid-based column in the analyses
Antibiotics and probiotics-induced effects on the total fatty acid composition of feces in a rat model
Abstract Fatty acids (FAs) play important roles as membrane components and signal transduction molecules. Changes in short chain FA (SCFA) composition are associated with gut microbiota modifications. However, the effect of bacteria-driven changes on the detailed FA spectrum has not been explored yet. We investigated the effect of antibiotics (ABx) and/or probiotics, in four treatment groups on rat stool FA composition. Principal component analysis indicated that the chromatogram profiles of the treatment groups differ, which was also observed at different time points. Linear mixed effects models showed that in the parameters compared (sampling times, treatments. and their interactions), both the weight percentage and the concentration of FAs were affected by ABx and probiotic administration. This study found that the gut microbiome defines trans and branched saturated FAs, most saturated FAs, and unsaturated FAs with less carbon atoms. These results are among the first ones to demonstrate the restoring effects of a probiotic mixture on a substantial part of the altered total FA spectrum, and also revealed a previously unknown relationship between gut bacteria and a larger group of FAs. These findings suggest that intestinal bacteria produce not only SCFAs but also other FAs that may affect the hostâs physiological processes