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Az Uráli Etimológiai Adatbázis mint dokumentáció és mint az etimológiai kutatás eszköze

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CRM rendszerek implementálása

A CRM rendszerek olyan, a vállalati információs rendszerek közé sorolható speciális megoldások, amelyek elsõdleges célja, a hosszú távon is megbízható és jövedelmezõ ügyfélkapcsolatok kialakítása. Ezen különleges cél a CRM rendszerek vállalati implementálásának folyamatát is számos módon megkülönbözteti más információs rendszerek bevezetésétõl. Cikkünk célja a CRM rendszerek életciklus modelljének olyan módon történõ bemutatása, amely rámutat ezen rendszerek implementálásának sajátosságaira.

The effects of intensive logging on the capacity of karst dolines to provide potential microrefugia for cool-adapted plants

Dolines are local depressions of karst surfaces. They can be considered potential microrefugia for various species. We investigated the species composition and vegetation pattern of two medium-sized dolines in Hungary before and 10 years after logging, and analysed how different species groups (oak forest species, beech and ravine forest species and disturbance-tolerant species) were affected. The cover and number of oak forest species and disturbance-tolerant species increased, while the cover and number of beech and ravine forest species decreased within dolines due to logging. Therefore, their species composition and vegetation pattern have changed substantially, and dolines have partially lost their capacity to act as safe havens for plant species adapted to cooler conditions

Post‐restoration grassland management overrides the effects of restoration methods in propagule‐rich landscapes

Grassland restoration is gaining momentum worldwide to tackle the loss of bio-diversity and associated ecosystem services. Restoration methods and their effects on ecologi-cal community reassembly have been extensively studied across various grassland types, whilethe importance of post-restoration management has so far received less attention. Grasslandmanagement is an important surrogate for natural disturbances, with which most ancientgrasslands have coevolved. Thus, without the reintroduction of management-related distur-bance, restoration targets are unlikely to be achieved in restored grasslands. In this study, weaimed to explore how 20 yr of management by mowing once a year or light cattle grazingaffects restoration success in Palearctic meadow-steppe grasslands restored by either sowingnative grasses (sown sites), applyingMedicago sativaas a nurse plant (Medicagosites), orallowing spontaneous succession (spontaneous sites). We found that, following mowing, sownsites maintained long-lasting establishment limitation, whileMedicagosites experienced adelay in succession. These limitations resulted in low total and target species richness, lowfunctional redundancy, and distinct species and functional composition compared to referencedata from ancient grasslands. Spontaneous sites that were mowed reached a more advancedsuccessional stage, although they did not reach reference levels regarding most vegetationdescriptors. Sown andMedicagosites that were grazed had higher total and target species rich-ness than those that were mowed, and showed restoration success similar to that of sponta-neous sites, on which grazing had only moderate further positive effects. Grazed sites,irrespective of the restoration method, were uniformly species rich, functionally diverse, andfunctionally redundant, and thus became important biodiverse habitats with considerable resi-lience. We conclude that an optimally chosen post-restoration management may have animpact on long-term community reassembly comparable to the choice of restoration method.Restoration planners may, therefore, need to put more emphasis on future management thanon the initial restoration method. However, our findings also imply that if local constraints,such as potentially high invasive propagule pressure, necessitate the application of restorationmethods that could also hinder the establishment of target species, the long-term recovery ofthe grassland can still be ensured by wisely chosen post-restoration management