Conductas internalizantes y externalizantes en adolescentes

La adolescencia es un periodo de cambios rápidos en todos los aspectos del desarrollo humano. Es en esta etapa en la que se suelen presentar dificultades y manifestaciones de problemas de salud mental. El objetivo del estudio es conocer las conductas internalizantes y externalizantes reportadas por adolescentes estudiantes de secundaria. La muestra estuvo compuesta por 298 estudiantes entre 12 a 18 años (M = 14.98, DE = 1.28) de ambos sexos (54.4 % mujeres) de dos instituciones educativas públicas donde la mayoría se encontraba cursando el 4.o año de secundaria (33.6 %). La muestra se seleccionó de manera no probabilística, por conveniencia, y se informó a todos los participantes del objetivo y actividades del estudio, del carácter voluntario de su participación, y del cuidado en mantener el anonimato y la confidencialidad de todos los datos recogidos. Se utilizó el autorreporte de jóvenes entre 11 y 18 años (YSR 11-18, Achenbach y Rescorla, 2001) para identificar las conductas internalizantes y externalizantes y sus respectivas dimensiones. Los resultados muestran diferencias significativas por sexo. Las mujeres puntuaron más alto que los hombres en ansiedaddepresión, quejas somáticas, problemas de atención, y conductas internalizantes, mientras que los hombres puntuaron más alto en rompimiento de reglas y conductas externalizantes

Social Information Processing Theory Indicators of Child Abuse Risk: Cultural Comparison of Mothers from Peru and the United States

Much of the research conducted on social information processing (SIP) factors predictive of child abuse risk has been conducted in North America, raising questions about how applicable such models may be in other cultures. Based on the premise that the parents’ child abuse risk is affected by both risk and protective factors, the current study considered how specific SIP socio-cognitive risk factors (acceptability of parent–child aggression as a discipline approach; empathic ability; frustration tolerance) as well as social support satisfaction as a resource related to child abuse risk by comparing a sample of mothers in Peru (n = 102) with a sample of mothers in the U.S. (n = 180). Using multi-group regression analyses, the current investigation identified that lower empathy was more salient for the abuse risk of U.S. mothers relative to the salience of lower frustration tolerance for Peruvian mothers. Although effects were observed for the approval of parent-aggression for the child abuse risk of both samples, such approval did not appear to be related to the Peruvian mothers’ actual use of such tactics. When considered alongside the socio-cognitive risk factors, greater social support satisfaction did not significantly relate to child abuse risk for either sample. The findings are discussed in reference to future cross-cultural work that may need to better examine how factors may or may not be universal to craft more culturally informed child abuse prevention programs

Estado mental de apego não resolvido, cuidado maternal e segurança do apego infantil em duas díades mãe-filho

This study aims to describe the attachment representations of two mothers classified as unresolved in their state of mind with respect to attachment, as well as the specific characteristics of their interactions with their children: the quality of their care and the security of the child’s attachment. The Adult Attachment Interview was used to evaluate attachment representations, the Maternal Behavior Q-Set 2.1 was used for the quality of maternal sensitivity, and the security of the child’s attachment was evaluated with the Attachment Q-Set 3.0. The results show that while attachment is unresolved in both mothers due to their own experiences of childhood abuse, their sub-classification (secure attachment in one case and insecure in the other) is associated with differences in how they perceive and respond to the child’s needs, and in the security of the child’s attachment.El presente estudio busca describir las características de las representaciones de apego de dos madres clasificadas con un estado mental de apego no resuelto, así como las características particulares de la interacción con su hijo/a: la calidad de su cuidado y la seguridad del apego del niño/a. Para las representaciones se empleó la Entrevista de Apego Adulto, para evaluar el cuidado de las madres el Maternal Behavior Q-Set 2.1, y la seguridad en el apego del niño/a se evaluó a través del Attachment Q-Set 3.0. Los resultados muestran que a pesar de que ambas madres tienen un apego no resuelto en función a experiencias de abuso vividas en la infancia, la sub-clasificación (apego Seguro en un caso e Inseguro en otro) está asociada a diferencias en la manera de percibir y responder a las necesidades de su hijo/a y en la seguridad del apego de éstos últimos.O presente estudo busca descrever as características das representações de apego de duas mães classificadas com estado mental de apego não resolvido, bem como as características específicas de suas interações com seus filhos: a qualidade do cuidado e a segurança do apego da criança. O Adult Attachment Interview foi usado para avaliar as representações de apego, o Maternal Behavior Q-Set 2.1 foi usado para a qualidade da sensibilidade materna e a segurança do apego da criança foi avaliada com o Attachment Q-Set 3.0. Os resultados mostram que apesar do fato de ambas as mães possuírem um apego não resolvido baseado em experiências de abuso vividas na infância, sua subclassificação (apego seguro em um caso e inseguro no outro) está associada a diferenças em como elas percebem e respondem às necessidades da criança, e na segurança do apego da criança

Temperament and social competence in preschool children from San Juan de Lurigancho: a preliminary study

The goal of this study was to determine the relationship between temperament, social competence, and behavioral problems in preschool-age children. The study is based on a sample of 66 children, 40 males and 26 females, between 2 and 6 years old (M = 3.92, SD = 1.01), and their mothers. Temperament was assessed using the Children’s Behavior Questionnaire, Short Version (CBQ; Putnam & Rothbart, 2006), which provides data on the dimensions of Surgency, Negative Affect, and Effortful Control. We used the Social Competence and Behavior Evaluation Scale (SCBE-30, LaFreniere & Dumas, 1996) to assess Social Competence as well as problems of Anxiety and Aggressive behavior in children. First, boys showed lower scores in both Negative Affectivity and Effortful Control than girls. The study’s main analysis identified a significant negative association between Surgency and Anxiety. In addition, the three dimensions of temperament were associated with aggression-behavioral problems: Surgency and Negative Affectivity in a positive direction, whereas Effortful Control was associated negatively. Finally, Effortful Control showed a moderate and positive correlation with social competence. These results are consistent with contemporary theoretical and empirical evidence on the topic. However, future studies should consider larger samples to know the scope of temperament and social competence in preschool-age children

Conductas internalizantes y externalizantes en adolescentes / Internalizing and externalizing behavior in adolescents

RESUMEN La adolescencia es un periodo de cambios rápidos en todos los aspectos del desarrollo humano. Es en esta etapa en la que se suelen presentar dificultades y manifestaciones de problemas de salud mental. El objetivo del estudio es conocer las conductas internalizantes y externalizantes reportadas por adolescentes estudiantes de secundaria. La muestra estuvo compuesta por 298 estudiantes entre 12 a 18 años (M = 14.98, DE = 1.28) de ambos sexos (54.4 % mujeres) de dos instituciones educativas públicas donde la mayoría se encontraba cursando el 4.o año de secundaria (33.6 %). La muestra se seleccionó de manera no probabilística, por conveniencia, y se informó a todos los participantes del objetivo y actividades del estudio, del carácter voluntario de su participación, y del cuidado en mantener el anonimato y la confidencialidad de todos los datos recogidos. Se utilizó el autorreporte de jóvenes entre 11 y 18 años (YSR 11-18, Achenbach y Rescorla, 2001) para identificar las conductas internalizantes y externalizantes y sus respectivas dimensiones. Los resultados muestran diferencias significativas por sexo. Las mujeres puntuaron más alto que los hombres en ansiedaddepresión, quejas somáticas, problemas de atención, y conductas internalizantes, mientras que los hombres puntuaron más alto en rompimiento de reglas y conductas externalizantes. ABSTRACT Adolescence is a period of rapid changes in all aspects of human development. It is at this stage that difficulties and mental health problems occur more often. The purpose of the study was to identify both internalizing and externalizing behavior reported by adolescent in high school. The sample was composed by 298 participants between 12 and 18 years old (M = 14.98, SD = 1.28), of both sexes, (54.4 % women) from two public educational institutions where the majority was enrolled in the 4th year of high school (33.6 %). The sample was selected in a non-probabilistic manner for convenience, and all the participants were informed of the purpose and activities of the study, of the voluntary nature of their participation, and of the care to preserve the anonymity and confidentiality of all data collected. We used the self-report of young people between 11 and 18 years old (YSR 11-18, Achenbach and Rescorla, 2001) to identify the internalizing and externalizing behavior and their respective dimensions. The results show significant differences according to sex. Women scored higher than men in anxiety-depression, somatic complaints, attention problems, and internalizing behavior; while men scored higher in breaking the rules, and externalizing behavior

Temperamento y competencia social en niños y niñas preescolares de San Juan de Lurigancho: un estudio preliminar

The goal of this study was to determine the relationship between temperament, social competence, and behavioral problems in preschool-age children. The study is based on a sample of 66 children, 40 males and 26 females, between 2 and 6 years old (M = 3.92, SD = 1.01), and their mothers. Temperament was assessed using the Children’s Behavior Questionnaire, Short Version (CBQ; Putnam & Rothbart, 2006), which provides data on the dimensions of Surgency, Negative Affect, and Effortful Control. We used the Social Competence and Behavior Evaluation Scale (SCBE-30, LaFreniere & Dumas, 1996) to assess Social Competence as well as problems of Anxiety and Aggressive behavior in children. First, boys showed lower scores in both Negative Affectivity and Effortful Control than girls. The study’s main analysis identified a significant negative association between Surgency and Anxiety. In addition, the three dimensions of temperament were associated with aggression-behavioral problems: Surgency and Negative Affectivity in a positive direction, whereas Effortful Control was associated negatively. Finally, Effortful Control showed a moderate and positive correlation with social competence. These results are consistent with contemporary theoretical and empirical evidence on the topic. However, future studies should consider larger samples to know the scope of temperament and social competence in preschool-age children.El presente estudio tuvo como objetivo conocer la relación entre temperamento, competencia social y problemas de conducta en niños y niñas preescolares. Para ello, se contó con una muestra de 66 participantes: 40 niños y 26 niñas, entre 2 y 6 años de edad (M = 3.92, DE = 1.01) y sus madres. Para medir temperamento se utilizó el Cuestionario sobre Conducta Infantil, versión corta (CBQ; Putnam & Rothbart, 2006), el cual brinda información sobre las dimensiones de extraversión, afecto negativo y control intencional o esforzado. Además, se usó el Inventario de Evaluación de Competencia Social y Comportamiento (SCBE-30, LaFreniere & Dumas, 1996) para medir competencia social, problemas de ansiedad y de agresividad del niño o la niña. En primer lugar, los niños obtuvieron puntaciones menores en afecto negativo y control intencional que las niñas. El análisis principal del estudio identificó una asociación negativa y significativa entre extraversión y ansiedad. Además, las tres dimensiones del temperamento se asociaron con los problemas de conducta agresiva: extraversión y afecto negativo de manera positiva y control intencional de forma negativa. Finalmente, el control intencional, que fue el único predictor, correlacionó positiva y moderadamente con competencia social. Los resultados obtenidos son consistentes con lo reportado por las evidencias teóricas y empíricas contemporáneas sobre el tema; sin embargo, es necesario llevar a cabo futuros estudios con muestras de mayor tamaño para ampliar la información sobre características de temperamento y competencia social en preescolares.

Psychometric Analysis of a Brief measure of Emotional Intelligence (EQ-i-M20) in Teenagers from Lima

The research aimed to assess if the EQ-i-M20 presents evidence of validity regarding its internal structure, measurement invariance between men and women, and acceptable reliability. The sample consisted of 788 adolescents between 11 and 18 years old from an educational institution in Lima (Peru). The internal structure was evaluated by the Exploratory Structural Equation Modeling (ESEM), both the oblique model and the bifactor, the invariance of measurement with a multiple ESEM group, and its reliability using the α and ω. The results indicate that in men and women. the original factor structure of five oblique factors is replicated, that it has an acceptable degree of measurement invariance, and the reliability values are satisfactory. In conclusion, the EQ-i-M20 is an instrument with adequate psychometric properties

Educating children in safe environments: assessment of a program to improve parenting practices among parents with children aged 3-5 years [Educando niños y niñas en ambientes seguros: Valoración de un programa para la mejora de las prácticas de crianza en padres con hijos de 3 a 5 años]

Introducción. El comportamiento de los hijos está influenciado por la crianza de los padres. El objetivo del estudio fue valorar el efecto del programa Padres Educando en Ambientes Seguros (ACT) sobre las prácticas de crianza en padres con hijos de 3 a 5 años de edad Método. El estudio es de diseño cuasi experimental y se trabajó con una muestra de 65 padres entre las edades 21 a 43 años, de los cuales, 18 constituyeron el grupo de estudio y 27 el grupo control. Los instrumentos utilizados para la evaluación antes y después del programa, fueron el Cuestionario de Parentalidad (MPQ) y la Encuesta Multifactorial de Indicadores (MICS) Resultados. Los resultados evidencian que las puntaciones del postest en el grupo experimental fueron mayores a las puntuaciones del pretest, demostrando el efecto del programa ACT a nivel estadístico y práctico en las prácticas de crianza de monitoreo, disciplina, castigo verbal, comunicación y castigo físico (p < 0,05). Discusión y conclusiones. El programa ACT logró mejorar las practicas de crianza en padres con hijos de 3 a 5 años de edad. A partir de esto, se sugiere la implementación del programa que se ha estudiado, para mejorar la crianza a fin de formar hijos que al relacionarse con los demás demuestren conductas adecuadas.Introduction. Children's behavior is influenced by parenting. The objective of this study was to assess the effect of the ACT Parents Educating in Safe Environments program on parenting practices in parents with children from 3 to 5 years old. Method. This study used a quasi-experimental design and was conducted with a sample of 65 parents between the ages of 21 and 43, of which 18 constituted the study group and 27 the control group. The instruments used for the evaluation before and after the program were the MPQ Parenting Questionnaire and the Multifactorial Indicator Survey (MICS). Results. The results show that the posttest scores in the experimental group were higher than the pretest scores, demonstrating the effect of the ACT program at the statistical and practical levels on the parenting practices of monitoring, discipline, verbal punishment, communication and physical punishment (p < 0.05). Discussion and Conclusion. The ACT program was able to improve parenting practices in parents with children from 3 to 5 years of age. Based on this, the implementation of the program that has been studied is suggested to improve parenting in order to form children who, when relating to others, demonstrate appropriate behaviors