95 research outputs found

    PropriĂ©tĂ©s rhĂ©ologiques de farines panifiables formulĂ©es Ă  partir d’extraits d’amidon et de gluten de blĂ©

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    Le prĂ©sent travail a mis en Ă©vidence les propriĂ©tĂ©s rhĂ©ologiques des farines panifiables reconstituĂ©es avec des extraits d’amidon. Du gluten vital 10% a Ă©tĂ© incorporĂ© Ă  90% d’extraits d’amidons de blĂ©, de maĂŻs,de riz et de la pomme de terre pour obtenir, respectivement, quatre (4) types de farines F1, F2, F3 et F4. Les farines ont Ă©tĂ© reconstituĂ©es Ă  l’aide d’un mĂ©langeur de type KENWOOD Ă  4 unitĂ©s de vitesse. Les caractĂ©ristiques rhĂ©ologiques des pĂątes des farines reconstituĂ©es ont Ă©tĂ© analysĂ©es Ă  l’aide du Farinographe Brabender et de l’AlvĂ©ographe Chopin. Les farines F2, F3 et F4 sont caractĂ©risĂ©es par une forte capacitĂ© d’hydratation, une faible activitĂ© a-amylasique qui se traduit par des temps de chute trĂšs Ă©levĂ©s. Il en rĂ©sulte des pĂątes de trĂšs faible tenue avec une rĂ©sistance Ă  l’extraction, en comparaison avec une farine de rĂ©fĂ©rence (Fo). La force de la pĂąte de la farine F1 est plus Ă©levĂ©e (W = 85.10-4 J) que celle des pĂątes des farines F2, F3 et F4. Globalement, l’équilibre de configuration (P/L) entre la tĂ©nacitĂ© et l’élasticitĂ© des pĂątes des farines est de l’ordre de 0,88 alors que les indices d’élasticitĂ© varient entre 7,3 et 9,4

    BiodiversitĂ© des emballages-feuilles vĂ©gĂ©tales utilisĂ©es dans l’artisanat agroalimentaire au Sud du BĂ©nin

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    Objectif : Le prĂ©sent travail vise spĂ©cifiquement Ă  identifier les espĂšces de feuilles vĂ©gĂ©tales utilisĂ©es traditionnellement comme emballages dans l’artisanat agroalimentaire au sud du BĂ©nin et Ă  dĂ©crire les traitements mis en jeu Ă  cet effet.MĂ©thodologie et rĂ©sultats : Une enquĂȘte sur les emballages-feuilles vĂ©gĂ©tales a Ă©tĂ© rĂ©alisĂ©e par ratissage systĂ©matique de 150 productrices-vendeuses de denrĂ©es alimentaires au sud-BĂ©nin. Les espĂšces de feuilles vĂ©gĂ©tales ont Ă©tĂ© identifiĂ©es par rĂ©fĂ©rence Ă  la base des donnĂ©es disponibles Ă  l’herbier national. Thalia geniculata, (Thalia) Tectona grandis, (Teck) Manihot esculenta (Manioc, manioc doux, cassave), Musa chinensis, (Bananier) Lasimorpha senegalensis (Grand arum du SĂ©nĂ©gal, maĂŻs de marĂ©cage, oreille d'Ă©lĂ©phant) Icacina trichantha (Icacina), Elaeis guineensis (palmier Ă  huile) et Sterculia tragacantha, (Sobou Tagacanthe africain) Ă©taient les principales espĂšces vĂ©gĂ©tales identifiĂ©es et utilisĂ©es par environ 98% des productrices enquĂȘtĂ©es. Le rapport pondĂ©ral moyen des emballages-feuilles aux denrĂ©es alimentaires variait entre 0,05 et 0,53 (p/p) et pourrait ĂȘtre un indicateur associĂ© Ă  la durĂ©e de conservation des aliments.Conclusion et application : Du fait de leur caractĂšre biodĂ©gradable, de leur diversitĂ© et d’un Ă©ventail de propriĂ©tĂ©s et caractĂ©ristiques intrinsĂšques, les feuilles vĂ©gĂ©tales utilisĂ©es comme emballages jouent un rĂŽle clĂ© dans l’artisanat agroalimentaire au Sud-BĂ©nin. Outre la fonction de protection qu’elles assurent, certaines espĂšces de feuilles telles que Sterculia tragacantha (Tragacanthe africain), Manihot glaziovii (Manioc caouchouc), Manihot esculenta (Manioc), Thalia geniculata (Thalia) et Tectona grandis  (Teck) sont Ă©galement consommĂ©es comme lĂ©gumes feuilles ou utilisĂ©es pour leurs propriĂ©tĂ©s mĂ©dicinales pendant que d’autres (Daniellia oliveri (Copalier africain de balsam, santan), Sterculia tragacantha (Sobou, Tragacanthe africain) Canna indica (Canna, Basilier, Grain de plomb de l’Inde), Tectona grandis) transfĂšreraient leur arome ou couleur aux aliments emballĂ©s. Les effets bĂ©nĂ©fiques (protecteur, conservateur, nutritionnel, aromatique ou thĂ©rapeutique) ou nĂ©fastes (toxicitĂ©, facteurs antinutritionnels) sur les denrĂ©es alimentaires emballĂ©es doivent ĂȘtre mis  en Ă©vidence et documentĂ©s pour la promotion d’emballages vĂ©gĂ©taux compatibles avec les normes des emballages modernes et respectueux de l’environnement.Mots clĂ©s Emballages biodĂ©gradables, Emballages multi produits, Emballage multi-local ; BiodiversitĂ© ; BĂ©ni

    Esterase and protease activities of Bacillus spp. from afitin, iru and sonru; three African locust bean (Parkia biglobosa) condiments from Benin

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    Fifty strains of Bacillus spp. comprising Bacillus subtilis and Bacillus licheniformis previously isolated from afitin, iru and sonru were examined for esterase and protease activities. The electrophoretic profiles of fermented African locust bean protein (ALBP), using strains presenting the highest protease activities in casein agar, were analyzed by SDS-PAGE to select strains with good ability to be used as starter cultures. All the Bacillus spp. tested showed esterase activity against tributyrin with high variability among strains. Strains showing the highest esterase activities were B. subtilis, primarily isolated from iru, sonru and lastly in afitin. Only 62% (31/50) of the Bacillus strains tested showed perceptible, but highly variable protease activity in casein agar. Bacillus strains showing the highest protease activities comprised strains of B. subtilis isolated from afitin and iru and strains of B. licheniformis isolated from iru and sonru. A B. subtilis strain isolated from afitin showed high esterase as well as high protease activity. The electrophoretic profile by SDS-PAGE of ALBP fermented by the Bacillus spp. having the highest protease activities showed degradation products with a wide range of molecular size between 4 and 250 kDa. Variability of the characteristics of the Bacillus spp. tested give new opportunities for their use as starter culture for products development.Keywords: Bacillus subtilis, bacillus licheniformis, fermentation, esterase and protease activity, SDS-PAG

    Three Traditional Fermented Baobab Foods from Benin, Mutchayan, Dikouanyouri and Tayohounta: Preparation, Properties and Consumption

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    Forest food resources contribute significantly to food supply in areas where they grow. Three fermented baobab foods were studied: Dikouanyouri (from seeds, pH = 6.5); Tayohounta (from seed kernels, pH = 7), and Mutchayan (from baobab pulp and sorghum, pH = 4.2). Bacillus spp. (8.5 and 9.5 Log cfu /g) and lactic acid bacteria (8.9 and 8.4 Log cfu /g,) dominate in Dikouanyouri and Tayohounta, respectively. In Mutchayan, lactic acid bacteria (8.1 Log cfu/g) and yeasts (7.2 Log cfu/g) predominated. The arbitrary index of protein cleavage increases from 2.3% (unfermented products) to 13.7% in Dikouanyouri and 21.3% in Tayohounta, indicating significant protein degradation. Mutchayan is the most frequently consumed produc

    CaractĂ©risation physique et mĂ©canique de Thalia geniculata et de Musa sapientum, deux espĂšces de feuilles vĂ©gĂ©tales utilisĂ©es comme emballages alimentaires en Afrique de l’Ouest

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    Plusieurs feuilles vĂ©gĂ©tales sont utilisĂ©es comme emballages en  agroalimentaire au BĂ©nin. Le prĂ©sent travail vise Ă  dĂ©terminer les propriĂ©tĂ©s physiques et mĂ©caniques de Thalia geniculata et Musa sapientum, deux espĂšces de feuilles vĂ©gĂ©tales les plus utilisĂ©es pour l’emballage de l’akassa, une pĂąte alimentaire d’origine bĂ©ninoise obtenue par la fermentation traditionnelle de maĂŻs. Des tests d’opacitĂ©, de  permĂ©abilitĂ© Ă  l’eau, de traction et de migration ont Ă©tĂ© rĂ©alisĂ©s sur les feuilles indiquĂ©es avec des mĂ©thodes de rĂ©fĂ©rence. Il est apparu que toutes les feuilles fraĂźches ont une opacitĂ© plus Ă©levĂ©e que les feuilles traitĂ©es par flambage, les plus fortes valeurs ayant Ă©tĂ© observĂ©es dans le domaine des ultraviolets (550 nm). Toutes les feuilles analysĂ©es sont impermĂ©ables Ă  l’eau Ă  25 °C. En traction longitudinale, les feuilles de Musa sapientum et de Thalia geniculata ont des contraintes Ă  la rupture respectives de 2,025 MPa et 0,573 MPa. En traction transversale, les mĂȘmes contraintes, pour les deux espĂšces, sont respectivement de 0,908 MPa et de 0,573 MPa. Par ailleurs, au bout de 24 heures, aucun effet de migration de glucides ne s’est opĂ©rĂ© entre l’akassa et les feuilles de Musa sapientum ; tandis qu’une lĂ©gĂšre migration de glucides de l’akassa vers les feuilles de Thalia geniculata a Ă©tĂ© observĂ©e. Au regard des rĂ©sultats obtenus, Musa sapientum et Thalia Thalia geniculata prĂ©sentent des caractĂ©ristiques potentielles qui peuvent ĂȘtre utilisĂ©es pour confectionner des emballages vĂ©gĂ©taux moulĂ©s de type pakistanais et respectueux des normes environnementales, contrairement aux emballages plastiques non biodĂ©gradables dont l’utilisation dans les villes africaines est source de grave pollution environnementale. Mots clĂ©s : Emballages vĂ©gĂ©taux, Thalia geniculata ; Musa Sapientum, Akassa ; emballages biodĂ©gradables

    Microbial contamination associated with the processing of tchachanga, a roasted meat product

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    This study aimed to assess the microbiological contamination and quality of tchachanga, a roasted meat braised product processed at traditional scale in Benin, West Africa. A survey was performed to collect samples of tchachanga and data related to hygienic conditions of the roasted meat processing environment. A total of 60 samples of tchachanga including skewers, roasted meat and seasoned wrapped meat were collected from different processing sites in Cotonou, Benin. The main food borne microorganisms involved were investigated using standard methods. Moreover, a follow-up of tchachanga processing was performed to identify contamination factors of the product. In this respect, samples were collected at certain steps during the processing, and various microorganisms such as coliforms, pathogenic Staphylococcus and Salmonella were traced. The number of mesophilic aerobic bacteria in different products ranged between 6.47±0.61 and 6.93±0.43 Log (cfu/g). Total coliforms, faecal coliforms and Staphylococci ranged from 1.59 to 4.79, 1.00 to 3.2 and 3.49 to 5.2 Log (cfu/g), respectively. No significant differences were observed in the microbial count of different types of tchachanga investigated, but different processing methods had significant changes in the microbial content of the samples as a result of the processing environments and the ingredients used. The presence of Salmonella sp. was observed in all products.Keywords: Street food, Tchachanga, meat, microbiology, qualityAfrican Journal of Biotechnology Vol. 12(18), pp. 2449-245

    Research trends on the contribution of traditional food products to child nutrition in Africa’s drylands

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    Studies have described the diversity of traditional food resources and products (TFPs) in Africa. However, there is no study that maps the current scientific knowledge on the subject and establishes the most promising trends for their valorization in child nutrition. This review fills this gap and guides interventions to combat child malnutrition in Africa focused on local TFPs. A total of 596 scientific publications were exported from Scopus database, followed by bibliometric analysis using the biblioshiny web interface in R version 4.1.3. and by an interpretative analysis of clusters. The study revealed that the publications in our collection cover the period of 1971 to 2022 and were published in 269 journals and involved 2375 authors. Eight research clusters emerged from the mapping as trends. The most significant clusters highlighted that improving dietary diversity, providing sources of vitamin A, used as nutritious ingredients in the development of food products and incorporated into school feeding programs, are ways in which TFPs contribute to child nutrition. Knowledge gaps were identified and can be addressed through future research to fully leverage the opportunities offered by the diversity of traditional food products in Africa drylands to effectively combat child malnutrition. Keywords: Traditional food products, Child malnutrition, Nutritional contribution, Research trends, Africa dryland

    Softening effect of Ikpiru and Yanyanku, two traditional additives used for the fermentation of African Locust Bean (Parkia biglobosa) seeds in Benin

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    Ikpiru and Yanyanku are two additives used for the traditional alkaline fermentation of African locust bean (Parkia biglobosa. Benth) to produce food condiments in Benin. In this study, African locust beans (Parkia biglobosa. Benth) were fermented with or without Ikpiru and Yanyanku to assess the factors explaining the softening role of these additives during the fermentation process. Changes in microbial population, chemical components and texture parameters of the fermented cotyledons were determined during the fermentation process. Bacillus spp. predominated during the fermentation, with an upward trend. The use of Yanyanku or Ikpiru seems to increase Bacillus count during the earlier stage (between 0 and 18 hours) of fermentation, since the variations were 35% and 43% (growth rate of 0.13 and 0.16 Log10 h-1) for trial with Yanyanku and Ikpiru respectively, versus 6% (0.02 Log10 h-1) for the control. Despite this initial gap, the final count (after 48 h) did not show any significant difference between the control and samples with additives. Compressing forces were significantly lower between 12 to 24 h for cotyledons fermented with additives than for the control, suggesting a rapid disintegration, i.e., the softening effect of Yanyanku and Ikpiru during the fermentation of African locust bean seeds. No significant difference (p > 0.05) was observed between proximate composition of the samples fermented without additives and those fermented with additives.Keywords: Fermentation, Bacillus, softening effect, softenin

    Influence des bulles gazeuses et des préparations fermentatives complexes sur la viscosité des mélasses de betterave à sucre

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    La mĂ©lasse est le coproduit de la fabrication du sucre de canne ou de betterave et dont la composition varie en fonction des conditions climatiques de production de la matiĂšre premiĂšre et du processus de fabrication mis en place par la sucrerie. Elle se prĂ©sente sous la forme d’un liquide Ă©pais, homogĂšne, de couleur marron. Sa forte viscositĂ© limite sa fluiditĂ© et son transport dans les tuyauteries et l’abaissement de cette viscositĂ© par rĂ©chauffage engendre des coĂ»ts Ă©levĂ©s d’énergie. L’objectif de cette Ă©tude est la mise en oeuvre d’une mĂ©thodologie efficace permettant de diminuer la viscositĂ© de la mĂ©lasse par l’usage des solutions liquĂ©fiantes (ferments) sans toutefois augmenter la tempĂ©rature. Cette diminution Ă©vitera Ă  l’usine de dĂ©penser énormĂ©ment d’énergie pour baisser sa viscositĂ© et faciliter sa fluiditĂ© dans les tuyauteries. Les travaux ont Ă©té rĂ©alisĂ©s en utilisant cinq (5) diffĂ©rentes prĂ©parations fermentatives liquides de masse volumique 1,2 g/ cm³ fabriquĂ©es dans une firme Danoise Novo-Nordisk et qui sont destinĂ©es Ă  la transformation des produits cĂ©rĂ©aliers pour la production des boissons. Il s’agit notamment de : Ultraflo-L, Cereflo- 200L, Thermamyl-120L, Fungamyl-800L et Ceremix- 6 XL. A travers cette recherche, il a Ă©tĂ© utilisĂ© une mĂ©lasse, de pureté 55% laquelle, dans 100 kg de matiĂšre sĂšche retient 55 kg de saccharose et 45 kg de matiĂšres organiques et non organiques. Cette mĂ©lasse a Ă©tĂ© ensuite intensivement mĂ©langĂ©e Ă  l’aide d’un malaxeur mĂ©canique, et pĂ©riodiquement par intervalle d’un quart d’heure, des Ă©chantillons ont Ă©tĂ© prĂ©levĂ©s et dont la masse volumique a Ă©tĂ© mesurĂ©e. Il ressort des expĂ©riences que les masses volumiques de ces Ă©chantillons diminuent respectivement en passant de 1,360 Ă  1,320 ; 1,250 et 1,200 g/ cmÂł. A la tempĂ©rature constante de 60 °C, maintenue Ă  l’aide d’un ultra thermostat, la viscositĂ© des Ă©chantillons a Ă©tĂ© mesurĂ©e. Les rĂ©sultats obtenus ont montrĂ© que les viscositĂ©s finales de la mĂ©lasse de concentration 60% ont variĂ© dans l’amplitude 10,5 Ă  15,3 m.Pa.s. Pour une thermo stabilitĂ© de la mĂȘlasse avec un pH neutre des prĂ©parations fermentatives comme l’ultraflo- L et le cereflo -200L permettent de diminuer la viscositĂ© de la mĂȘlasse de 20-35%.© 2016 International Formulae Group. All rights reserved.Mots clĂ©s: MĂ©lasses, betterave, viscositĂ©, tempĂ©rature, fermentsEnglish Title: Influence of gaz bubbles and complex fermentative preparation on the viscosity of the sugar beet molassesEnglish AbstractMolasses is the product of the manufacture of sugar cane or beet whose composition changes depending on the climatic conditions of de production of the raw materials and of the process of manufacture set up by the sugar refinery. It comes as a thick, homogenous, and brown liquid. Its fluidity is limited by its strong viscosity,  hence the high cost of energy needed for its conveyance in the pipes, caused by the diminution of that viscosity through reheating. The aim of this study is the implementation of an efficient methodology allowing to lowering the viscosity of the molasses by the use of liquefying solutions without, however, increasing the temperature. This diminution will enable the factory not to use a lot of energy to lower the viscosity so as to ease fluidity in the pipes. The works have been carried out by using five (5) different liquid fermentative preparations of 1.2 g/cmÂł relative density made in a Danish Novo-Nordisk firm intended to the transformation of cereal products for the production of drinks. It is basically about: Ultraflo-L; Cereflo- 200L; Thermamyl- 120L; Ffungamyl-800L and Ceremix-6XL. In carrying out this scientific research, we have used the molasses of beet, of 55% purity, which in 100 g of dried matters retain 55 kg of sucrose and 45 kg of organic and inorganic matters. This molasses has been then intensively mixed with a mechanic mixer, and periodically, at 15mn intervals, samples have been taken the relative density of which has been measured. It follows from our experiences that the relative densities of theses samples diminishes respectively , passing from 1.360 to 1.320; 1.250 and 1.200 g/cmÂł. Densities of these samples taken respectively reduce from 1,360; 1,320; 1,250; 1,200 g/cm3. At constant temperature of 60 °C, Kept by an Ultra thermostat, the viscosity of samples have been measured. The results have shown that final viscosities of molasses of 60% concentration have varied from 10.5 to 15.3 m. Pa in terms of amplitude. Thus, the thermo stability of the molasses with a neutral pH and a weak dose of fermentative preparations, like the Ultraflo-L and Cereflo-200L, allow the reduction of the viscosity of molasses to 20-35%.© 2016 International Formulae Group. All rights reserved.Keywords: Molasses, beet, viscosity, temperature, ferment

    RÉGÉNÉRATION IN VITRO DE L’ARBRE À SUIF (PENTADESMA BUTYRACEA SABINE), UNE ESPÈCE LIGNEUSE À USAGES MULTIPLES (LUM) VULNÉRABLE AU BENIN

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    This work is done in order to identify the effects of basal media associated with two cytokinins (BAP and zeatin) and suitability for the regeneration of apical and axillary buds Pentadesma butyracea. Fragments axillary bud stem and apical bud stem fragment were taken from seedlings P. butyracea from seed germination in a greenhouse. After disinfection, explants were cultured on three basic areas: MS (Murashige and Skoog), B5 (Ganborg) and WPM (Woody Plant Medium). The effects of Zeatin and BAP on the bud and bud development were also studied. These in vitro propagation of tests conducted in this species, showed that the apical bud fragments proved to be the most favorable. Among the tested culture media, basal medium Gamborg (B5) is most suited to the entry into operation of apical buds (26.66%). Other WPM and MS basal media also allowed bud but at low rates (20%; 13%). Zeatin (3.5 mg / L) appears best suited to budding and regeneration of apical buds of P. butyracea and the formation of leaves per explants. BAP favored the resumption of activity of the apex, but not plant development. Our experiments allow to open a new path consistent multiplication of individuals elites Pentadesma butyracae to produce seeds that can be used for propagation, domestication and conservation of this species
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