Constraints T-Way Testing Strategy With Modified Condition /Decision Coverage (MC/DC)

Modern society in today’s digital era depends heavily on software in almost every aspect of daily life. In fact, whenever possible, most hardware implementation is now being replaced by the software counterparts. From the washing machine controllers, mobile phone applications to the sophisticated airplane control systems, the growing dependency on software can be attributed to a number of factors. Unlike hardware, software does not wear out. Thus, the use of software can also help to control maintenance costs. Additionally, software is also malleable and can easily be changed and customized as the need arises. With the advent of advancement in computer hardware technology, software applications grow drastically in terms of lines of codes, that is, to keep up with ever increasing customer demands for new functionalities and innovations. As such, ensuring software quality can be a daunting task. Exhaustive testing is practically infeasible given the large domain of inputs and possibly too many possible execution paths. Over the years, many sampling techniques (or strategies) have been proposed to select subsets of test cases for testing consideration. In many applications, sampling strategies based on boundary value analysis, equivalence partioning, cause and effect analysis, and decision tables are sufficiently useful but they are not designed to address faults due to interaction. In other applications particularly involving structural (predicate) testing (e.g. in avionic industry), sampling strategies based on coverage criteria such as statements, decisions, and path coverage are deemed necessary, however, they often suffer from the effect of masking (i.e. due to the resulting AND and OR operations). Currently, researchers in combinatorial testing have already developed strategies based on interaction testing (termed t-way testing) in order to detect bugs due to interaction. Here, depending on the value of interaction strength (t), all desired t-way interactions are faithfuly covered in the resulting test cases.Although useful, much existing work t-way testing has not sufficiently considered modified conditions/decision coverage (MC/DC) as the criteria for test generation. In many critical applications particularly involving the airborne system, compliants to MC/DC are required by law [1]. Proposed by NASA in 1992, the MC/DC is a white box testing criterion ensuring each condition within a predicate can independently influence the outcome of the decision - while the outcome of all other conditions remains constant. In this manner, MC/DC criterion subsumes other well known coverage such as statements, decisions, and path [2]. Addressing some of the aforementioned issues, this research discusses the design of a new constraints based t-way strategy with MC/DC criterion for structural (predicate) testing. In doing so, this paper also highlights the possible implementations

An examination of medical imaging literature in Malaysian Citation Index (Mycite)

Introduction: The Medical imaging service in Malaysia is expanding. The presence of imaging technologies needs to be supported by homegrown research to optimize their use. This study investigated the contribution of researches by Malaysian practitioners to the field of Medical imaging in the Malaysian Citation index (MyCite) database. Materials and method: Bibliometric and thematic analyses were performed on publications featured in the database from 2006 to 2016 using 13 keywords; radiology, radiography, medical imaging, radiation, x-ray, neuroimaging, nuclear imaging, magnetic resonance imaging, computed tomography scan, mammogram, ultrasound, fluoroscopy, and intravenous urogram. Results: A total of 268 articles were identified. The study reported the publications from Malaysians (54.1%) followed by non-Malaysians (41.8%) and collaboration between authors (4.1%). The researchers were mostly from university-based (67.4%) and hospital university-based (21.3%) compared to clinical-based (5.6%) researchers. For thematic analysis, the majority of the authors focused on certain topics such as clinical (42.9%) and modality (20.1%) with only a few on safety (12.3%), technical (9.7%), education (7.46%), professionalism (4.5%), quality (2.6%) and economy (0.4%) researches. Conclusion: The low number of publications related to Medical imaging do not reflect the real involvement of practitioners in research. Their research findings could have been indexed in other databases besides MyCite. However, the open access facility offered by MyCite should be optimized. The involvement of clinical-based practitioners can be enhanced in areas involving safety, technical, education, professionalism, quality and economy. Collaborative efforts by the practitioners could increase the number of publications and enhance homegrown research that will address local needs

Mismatch between Anthropometics and Chair Dimension of Primary School Children (Level 1) In Northern Region, Malaysia

Several studies hav e been done on the issue of mismatch between the anthropometries dimension among school children and classroom furniture in different countries. All the studies shared the same results, showing that there is mismatch between the two variables (Mohd Azuan K. et al. 2010; Castellucci. Arezes &. Viviani 2009; NuruI Asyiqin el al. 2009; Lueder & Rice 2008; Gouvali & Boudolos 2006; Lipardo et al. 2006; Murphy, Buckle &. Stubbs 2003). The issue on mismatch in this paper does not only focus on chair dimension and anthropometric variables of the children, but it also investigates the possible negative implication of seating posture due to the mismatch (Castellucci, Arezes & Viviani 2009; Gouvali & Boudolos 2006; Parcells, Stommel & Hubbard 1999; Panagiotopoulou el al. 2004)

Peranan Ergonomik Dalam Rekabentuk Kerusi Sekolah: Kajian Kes Di Sekitar Perlis, Kedah Dan Pulau Pinang

Ergonomik memainkan peranan yang penting dalam rekabentuk kerusi sekolah. Postur duduk yang janggal akibat daripada rekabentuk kerusi yang tidak sesuai mampu menyumbang ke arah kesan yang negatif kepada kesihatan kanak-kanak. Isu ini dapat dilihat melalui penyelidikan yang mempersoalkan tentang kesesuaian ukuran kerusi yang terdapat di sekolah rendah yang digunakan oleh Murid Sekolah Rendah Tahap Satu (MSRTS). Seramai 108 orang responden telah terlibat dalam penyelidikan ini yang terdiri daripada MSRTS yang berumur 7, 8 dan 9 tahun dari 12 buah Sekolah Rendah Kebangsaan di Perlis, Kedah dan Pulau Pinang. Penyelidikan ini menggabungkan kaedah kuantitatif dan kualitatif dalam mengenalpasti ketidak-sepadanan antropometri responden dengan ukuran kerusi yang digunakan di sekolah. Antropometer, goniometer, penimbang berat badan dan pita ukur digunakan bagi memperolehi data antropometri responden dan ukuran kerusi dari setiap sekolah. Data antropometri dan ukuran kerusi dianalisa menggunakan perisian SPSS (Statistical Package for Social Science). Postur duduk responden ketika sesi pembelajaran di dalam kelas turut dirakam dan dianalisa bagi menyokong data SPSS yang diperolehi. Dapatan kajian mencatatkan data antropometri MSRTS tidak sepadan dengan ukuran kerusi yang digunakan di sekolah. Oleh itu, pertimbangan terhadap faktor ergonomik dalam rekabentuk kerusi sekolah adalah perlu bagi memastikan kesihatan dan keselesaan MSRTS di sekola

A study on factors effecting frequency of absenteeism among students in UiTM Alor Gajah Campus Melaka / Nasir Nordin...[et.al]

This study looks at factors that influence student frequency of absenteeism in a university setting. Twenty variables categorized into nine groups are examined, namely; gender, commuting, timetable, courses attended, assignments and tests, extra-curricular activities, health, social influence and academic performance. Most of the variables are significant to frequency of absenteeism. The empirical results indicate that absenteeism is a phenomenon that is controllable through sound policies and support system. The result also shows that besides students' own attitude, the administration, lecturers, family and the community have important roles to play in order to encourage students to classes. While disciplinary measures are still relevant, proactive intervention by lecturers and administrators can reduce the rate of class absenteeism

A study on factors affecting frequency of absenteeism among students in UiTM Alor Gajah campus Melaka / Nasir Nordin , Rozalli Hashim , Azizah Dolah , Asmah Zainuddin , Aida Azlina Mohd Bee

This study looks at factors that influence student frequency of absenteeism in a university setting. Twenty variables categorized into nine groups are examined, namely; gender, commuting, timetable, courses attended, assignments and tests, extra-curricular activities, health, social influence and academic performance. Most of the variables are significant to frequency of absenteeism. The empirical results indicate that absenteeism is a phenomenon that is controllable through sound policies and support system. The result also shows that besides students' own attitude, the administration, lecturers, family and the community have important roles to play in order to encourage students to classes. While disciplinary measures are still relevant, proactive intervention by lecturers and administrators can reduce the rate of class absenteeism

Association between social-cognitive factors and intention towards sexual activity among schoolgoing late adolescents in Kuantan, Malaysia

This was a cross-sectional study to identify the association between sociocognitive factors (permissive attitude, social-norms, and self-efficacy) and intention towards sexual activity among 466 Malaysian school-going late adolescents (aged 18–19 years) in Kuantan, Malaysia. Majority were females (64.4%), Malays (67.4%) and Muslims (68.2%). Simple logistic regression from data collected by self-administered validated Youth Sexual-Intention Questionnaire (YSI-Q) showed significantly increase risk of having sexual intention for each unit increase in permissive attitude, social-norms and self-efficacy scores with the odds ratio (OR) of 1.424, 1.303 and 1.215, respectively. On the other hand, multivariate logistic regression resulted in male, non-Malay, ever-smoker students and permissive attitude showing significantly higher risk towards having sexual intention with the OR of 0.163 (male was the reference group), 5.110, 3.288 and 1.236, respectively. In order to reduce risky sexual behaviour among adolescents, school-based health education is essential

Green Lean TQM Islamic Process Management Practices In Malaysian Food Companies / Nur Asiah Kuzaiman...[et al.]

Halal market is expanding globally. With the world Muslim population is approaching 2.8 billion people, Muslims are expected to account for 30% of the world’s population by 2025. This large market has created interest from food producing countries worldwide including Malaysia. Being recognized internationally as a progressive Muslim country, Malaysia has the edge of becoming a major producer of Halal food products. Nevertheless, in order to realize this potential demand, the food-based Halal industries should consistently enhance their products by practising a high quality process management system. Lean TQM Islamic Process Management System is a system whereby Process Management Practices are integrated to Lean Manufacturing (LM), Total Quality Management (TQM), Environmental Management System (EMS) and Islamic Manufacturing Practices (IMP) principles. In this study, 30 food companies from Selangor have been selected to participate in this survey. From the data collected, Green Lean TQM Islamic Process framework have been proposed. The implementation practices were divided into 5 categories which are Foundation Level, Level 1, Level 2, Level 3 and level 4. From the data collected in this study, unfortunately there are none of the practices listed in the Foundation levelThe output from this study will provide insights on the good management benchmark that will be beneficial to the food industries, especially for Small and Medium Enterprise (SMEs)

FSKKP jalin hubungan baik dengan syarikat peneraju industri komputer dan perisian

Universiti Malaysia Pahang (UMP) buat julung kalinya berjaya mengumpulkan 21 buah syarikat peneraju utama dalam bidang industri komputer dan perisian dalam mewujudkan jaringan strategik dalam Majlis Hi-Tea anjuran Fakulti Sistem Komputer & Kejuruteraan Perisian (FSKKP) di Hotel Istana, Kuala Lumpur pada 9 Februari 2012 yang lalu

An Experimental Design to Compare Software Requirements Prioritization Techniques

Software products are getting increasingly complex described by a large number of requirements that characterize the user needs. In most cases, not all requirements can usually be met with available time and resource contraints; therefore, taking correct decisions about which requirements to implement in a release is crucial as the wrong decision from requirements engineers results in implementation of the false requirements, which lead to failureof project or product in the market. Although much research is done on requirements prioritization techniques, but studies in the area pointed out that when investigating the research made withhin the area, there seems to be little evidence regarding which approach is better than others and in what situations and environments. This paper presents an initial design of a controlled experiment to compare three prioritization methods. The goal of this experiment is to investigate which technique is better in terms of time comsumption, accuracy, and ease of use. The experiment will be conducted in an academic context in Malaysian university