Status of antioxidant and oxidant systems in rheumatic fever and hereditary collagen dysplasias

Recently, the interest in research on the role of free radical-induced lipid peroxidation reactions in pathogenesis of rheumatic fever and hereditary collagen dysplasias has considerably grown. The study tested blood plasma of 60 children: 18 carriers of hereditary collagen dysplasias and 42 children with rheumatic fever. Twenty healthy individuals have constituted control group. All patients have undergone complex clinical and laboratory examinations to evaluate process activity and disease stage, their familial and genealogical histories have been taken. Presence of rheumatoid factor was determined by latex agglutination test. Other rheumatic fever markers were tested by common methods. Status of the lipid peroxidation process was assessed by malondialdehyde content, using reaction with thiobarbituric acid and subsequent spectrophotometric measurement. Catalase activity was measured spectrophotometrically. To diagnosticate hereditary collagen dysplasias, hydroxyproline levels in blood and urine were assayed. Content of glycosaminoglycans was determined by electrophoresis, and levels of amino acids were measured chromatographically. In the majority of patients, the tests detected an increased daily urinary excretion of hydroxyproline and glycosaminoglycans what reflects the process of collagen metabolism disorders. The authors detected elevated levels of malondialdehyde, increased activity of superoxide dismutase and decreased activity of glutathione peroxidase and catalase. These three markers are sufficiently sensitive to assess affection of immunocompetent cells in rheumatic fever and hereditary collagen dysplasias

Prognostic Biomarkers of Pre-Eclampsia in Pregnant Women

Summary. According to various authors, the incidence of preeclampsia (PE) in pregnant women in our country ranges from 8 to 20% and does not tend to decrease. It has been shown that the pathogenesis of preeclampsia fits into the systemic inflammatory response syndrome with disturbances in the immune system and an imbalance in cytokine regulation. The aim of the study was to study pro-inflammatory (IL-1β, IL-6, IL-8) and anti-inflammatory (IL-4, IL-10) cytokines in women with preeclampsia of varying severity. Material and methods. We examined 76 pregnant women with PE aged from 24 to 36 years at a gestation period of 28–38 weeks. Of these, 42 developed PE (main group), and 34 women had no symptoms of PE (comparison group). 28 women with a physiological pregnancy formed the control group. The levels of pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines (IL-1β, IL-6, IL-8, IL-4 and IL-10) in blood serum were studied by ELISA. Results. In pregnant women with PE upon admission to the hospital, the blood serum levels of IL-1β increased by 1.3 times (p < 0.05), IL-8 by 7 times (p < 0.001) and a decrease in the level of IL-4 by 2 times (p < 0.001). And in pregnant women without signs of PE, these changes in cytokine synthesis were less pronounced (p < 0.01). Conclusion. Maintaining a dynamic balance in the cytokine system plays an important role for the normal development of pregnancy. Th2-type cytokines promote normal trophoblast differentiation and its full invasion and, therefore, mediate the prolongation of physiological pregnancy. Switching to the synthesis of Th1-type cytokines and their enhanced production leads to disruption of trophoblast differentiation and invasion with the development of pregnancy pathology

Study of the hygrometric condition of cement stone and concrete

Cement systems are thermodynamically non-equilibrium, non-linear systems. Since it is far from equilibrium, it must be characterised by structure formation processes. Here it is necessary to consider the definition of ‘structure formation’. This term is used in two meanings. The first is generally accepted in concrete science -the formation of mechanical bonds between the dispersed particles of a solidifying system as a result of ongoing chemical and physicochemical processes, culminating in the formation of a solid body -the cement stone and concrete. The second meaning of the term describes the emergence of dissipative structures, i.e. the destruction of the initial homogeneity of the system due to the emergence of streams, concentration gradients, chemical waves, etc. By measuring the parameters of the resulting dissipative structures of different formation methods, it is possible to assess the degree of disequilibrium in the solidifying system and hence the directed methods of structure formation and structure optimisation. It should also be noted that a non-linear, non-equilibrium hydration process leading to a concentration potential difference proceeds with equal probability in all directions. Applying a gradient of a high-intensity physical field to the disperse system, one should expect a synchronisation of the fluctuations of the concentration potential of local areas of the disperse system, which will result in a sharp increase of the physical and mechanical properties of the hydration products of the binder and of the concrete in general

Продолжительность жизни у работников ПО «Маяк» после острой лучевой болезни разной степени тяжести

Assessment of the impact of radiation exposure on human lifetime is an actual problem in radiation medicine. The aim of the study was to assess lifetime in Mayak PA workers who had developed acute radiation syndrome following accidental acute high-dose external exposure and in those individuals who had taken part in nuclear accidents but had not developed the syndrome. Study analyses considered 58 deceased Mayak PA workers (50 males and 8 females) and were performed using STATISTICA 10 software. Five indicators of lifetime were studied: static – before and after acute exposure, total lifetime, as well as potential – potential years of life lost and the proportion of people who lived less than 35 years. The study demonstrated significant decrease in static indicators excluding lifetime before acute exposure and increase in potential indicators of lifetime in workers with severe and especially with extreme acute radiation syndrome compared to workers with moderate and modest acute radiation syndrome and to workers free of the syndrome. The reason for the decrease of lifetime in workers with extreme acute radiation syndrome was extremely severe course of the disease. Decrease of lifetime in cases with severe level of the syndrome was mainly due to early death from malignancies. A significant linear regression association with natural logarithm of acute radiation dose in Gy was observed for lifetime indicators. At 1 logarithm of the radiation dose, the lifetime after acute exposure was reduced by 8.3 years, total lifetime by 8.8 years, and potential years of life lost increased by 8.4 years. The relative risk of the increase of the proportion of workers with less than 35 years of life was considerably higher in workers with extreme and severe acute radiation syndrome and in workers with acute radiation doses above 10 Gy compared to other groups of workers: 26.8 and 18.8 (95% CI: 3.8–191.1 and 2.7–129.8; p<0.001), respectively. Thus, for the first time, a reduction in lifetime after acute radiation syndrome was found among Mayak PA workers.Оценка влияния радиационного воздействия на продолжительность жизни человека – актуальная проблема радиационной медицины. Целью исследования явился анализ продолжительности жизни в группе работников ПО «Маяк» после острой лучевой болезни, подвергшихся в результате аварийных ситуаций острому внешнему облучению в значительных дозах, и участников аварий без заболевания. Анализ проведен у 58 умерших работников ПО «Маяк» (50 мужчин и 8 женщин) с помощью программы STATISTICA 10. Изучены 5 показателей продолжительности жизни: статичные – до и после острого облучения, общая продолжительность жизни, а также потенциальные – потерянные годы потенциальной жизни и доля лиц, проживших менее 35 лет. В результате исследования у работников с тяжелой и особенно крайне тяжелой степенью болезни относительно работников средней и легкой степени тяжести заболевания и участников аварий установлено статистически значимое сокращение статичных показателей, за исключением продолжительности жизни до острого облучения, и повышение потенциальных показателей. Причиной сокращения продолжительности жизни при крайне тяжелой степени заболевания было его экстремальное течение. При тяжелой степени тяжести сокращение продолжительности жизни было обусловлено, главным образом, преждевременной смертностью от злокачественных новообразований. Установлена статистически значимая линейная регрессионная зависимость показателей продолжительности жизни от натурального логарифма дозы острого облучения. На 1 логарифм дозы облучения продолжительность жизни после острого облучения сокращалась на 8,3 лет, общая – на 8,8 лет, а потерянные годы потенциальной жизни повышались на 8,4 лет. Относительный риск повышения доли работников, проживших менее 35 лет при заболевании тяжелой и крайне тяжелой степени тяжести, а также при дозах острого облучения более 10 Гр по сравнению с остальными работниками, был существенно повышен, составив 26,8 и 18,8 (ДИ: 3,8–191,1 и 2,7–129,8; p <0,001) соответственно. Таким образом, у работников ПО «Маяк» впервые установлено сокращение продолжительности жизни после острой лучевой болезни

Modern Urban Policy in Uzbekistan: Advanced Features and Processes of Modernization

This article focuses on this subject, which is purposes to build and develop the architecture and urban development of after independence period in Uzbekistan

Study of the hygrometric condition of cement stone and concrete

Cement systems are thermodynamically non-equilibrium, non-linear systems. Since it is far from equilibrium, it must be characterised by structure formation processes. Here it is necessary to consider the definition of ‘structure formation’. This term is used in two meanings. The first is generally accepted in concrete science -the formation of mechanical bonds between the dispersed particles of a solidifying system as a result of ongoing chemical and physicochemical processes, culminating in the formation of a solid body -the cement stone and concrete. The second meaning of the term describes the emergence of dissipative structures, i.e. the destruction of the initial homogeneity of the system due to the emergence of streams, concentration gradients, chemical waves, etc. By measuring the parameters of the resulting dissipative structures of different formation methods, it is possible to assess the degree of disequilibrium in the solidifying system and hence the directed methods of structure formation and structure optimisation. It should also be noted that a non-linear, non-equilibrium hydration process leading to a concentration potential difference proceeds with equal probability in all directions. Applying a gradient of a high-intensity physical field to the disperse system, one should expect a synchronisation of the fluctuations of the concentration potential of local areas of the disperse system, which will result in a sharp increase of the physical and mechanical properties of the hydration products of the binder and of the concrete in general

Structure formation of hyper-compacted and modified concrete

Production of axisymmetric products -pressure and non-pressure pipes, rings, wells, bridges and drainage elements represents one of the main branches of construction industry in water and wastewater industry of Uzbekistan and Central Asian republics. However, positive tendencies of its development are only emerging and still do not meet the potential of progressive, competitive and economical modern technology, capable of providing significant shifts in reduction of resource intensity of new products, expansion of raw material base of construction industry and involvement of technogenic products into its balance, as well as solution of important economic and environmental problems. Prospects for further development of high-efficiency tubular goods production and scientific and technological progress of their production are largely determined by the importance of regularities and methods of controlling technological processes of structure formation with regard to given high level of product quality and criteria of resource intensity of production. In this regard, the analysis of general regularities of material structure formation in the complex process of hypercompaction and cementations modification in axisymmetric concrete is of primary importance

Secondary structure of muramyl dipeptide glycoside in pristine state and immobilized on nanosilica surface

Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) and temperature programmed desorption mass spectrometry (TPD-MS) data of O-glycoside MDP in pristine and immobilized on silica surface states indicate that O-glycoside MDP binds to the silica surface by means of carboxylic and NH moieties of isoglutamine. Moreover, pyrolysis of O-glycoside MDP on the silica surface proceeds through formation of additional product 3-iminopyridine-2(3H)-one, which identified in mass spectra as molecular ion with m/z 108 and its fragment ions with m/z 79, 77, 51. FTIR and TPD-MS data confirm existence of a MDP first β-turn on the silica surface resulting from the formation of a hydrogen bond between the NAc carbonyl and the L-Ala NH for MDP and its analogs, as reported previously