Penerapan pembacaan Al-Qur’an dengan Qiraat ‘Asyarah (studi kajian mahasiswa institut Al-Qur’an Darul Aman Di Kedah - Malaysia)

Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah metode penelitian lapangan dan digunakan teknik analisa isi yang dilakukan dengan cara mendapatkan data melalui interview yang berhubungan dengan objek yang dibahas. Adapun sumber data primer yang digunakan adalah al-Qur‟ãn al-Karĩm dan Mushaf as-Sahãbah fĩ al-Qirãat al- „Asyr al-Mutawãtirah min Tarīq as-Syãtibiyyah wa al-Durrah, sedangkan yang menjadi sumber sekunder diperoleh dari berbagai literatur, kamus, karya tulis, buku, jurnal dan beberapa sumber lainnya yang berkenaan dengan qiraat. Adapun temuan dari penelitian ini adalah Ilmu Qiraat dianggap asing oleh masyarakat Islam di Malaysia karena ia tidak dipapularkan, sedangkan ia berkembang luas pada zaman Rasulullah saw dan sesudahnya. Oleh itu, satu kajian telah dijalankan di Institut Al-Qur‟an Darul Aman untuk mengenal pasti bacaan Al-qur‟an yang diamalkan oleh para mahasiswa di institusi berkenaan. Sebanyak 50 orang mahasiswa dipilih sebagai sampel kajian. Kajian in menggunakan satu angket sebagai instrument kajian yang mengandung tiga bagian yaitu Bagian A mengenai maklumat demografi, Bagian B mengenai kadar pengetahuan dan pengamalan responden dalam Ilmu Qiraat dan Bagian C mengenai langkah-langkah yang diambil oleh responden dalam mempelajari Ilmu Qiraat. Kajian ilmiah ini memfokuskan tentang kepentingan Ilmu Qiraat yang patut dieksplor oleh masyarakat Malaysia, khususnya masyarakat yang terlibat dalam bidang ini. Ia bukanlah suatu ilmu yang asing bagi umat Islam di Malaysia, bahkan Al-Qur‟an yang dibaca sekarang juga adalah secara berqiraat, yaitu dengan riwayat imam hafs an-„asim tetapi masyarakat kita tidak mengetahuinya

Voxel-wise analysis of 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose metabolism in correlation with variations in the presentation of Alzheimer’s disease: a clinician’s guide

Diagnostic imaging can be applied in the management of Alzheimer’s disease as it provides structural and functional information to exclude possible secondary causes and offers additional information, especially in atypical cases of Alzheimer’s disease. The utility of positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT) can help in the noninvasive diagnosis of Alzheimer’s disease by voxel-wise quantification of cerebral 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) metabolism. Methods: This prospective study was conducted among 10 subjects with Alzheimer’s disease and 10 healthy control subjects who underwent neuropsychological testing and 18F-FDG PET/CT scans. Images of the brain were postprocessed using voxel-wise analysis and segmented into 20 regions of interest. The standardized uptake value (SUV)max/SUVmean/standard deviation of SUVmean results were analyzed accordingly and correlated with the subjects’ Montreal cognitive assessment (MoCA) results that were adjusted for age and education level. Results: Hypometabolism at the right parietal lobe significantly correlated with increasing age and lower MoCA scores. Global hypometabolism was observed in subjects who had advanced Alzheimer’s disease but preserved primary somatosensory cortices (S1) region metabolism. Predominance of frontal lobe hypometabolism was a feature of subjects with Alzheimer’s disease having associated depressive symptoms. Conclusions: 18F-FDG PET/CT voxel-wise analysis can be used for quantitative assessment and can assist clinicians in the diagnosis of Alzheimer’s disease and other variations of the disease spectrum

Loss factor behavior of thermally aged magnetorheological elastomers

Polymer composites have been widely used as damping materials in various applications due to the ability of reducing the vibrations. However, the environmental and surrounding thermal exposure towards polymer composites have affected their mechanical properties and lifecycle. Therefore, this paper presents the effect of material-temperature dependence on the loss factor and phase shift angle characteristics. Two types of unageing and aging silicone-rubber-based magne-torheological elastomer (SR-MRE) with different concentrations of carbonyl iron particles (CIPs), 30 and 60 wt%, are utilized in this study. The morphological, magnetic, and rheological properties related to the loss factor and phase shift angle are characterized using a low-vacuum scanning electron microscopy, and vibrating sample magnetometer and rheometer, respectively. The morphological analysis of SR-MRE consisting of 30 wt% CIPs revealed a smoother surface area when compared to 60 wt% CIPs after thermal aging due to the improvement of CIPs dispersion in the presence of heat. Nevertheless, the rheological analysis demonstrated inimitable rheological properties due to different in-rubber structures, shear deformation condition, as well as the influence of magnetic field. No significant changes of loss factor occurred at a low CIPs concentration, whilst the loss factor increased at a higher CIPs concentration. On that basis, it has been determined that the pro-posed changes of the polymer chain network due to the long-term temperature exposure of different concentrations of CIPs might explain the unique rheological properties of the unaged and aged SR-MRE. © 2021 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland.Skim Pensyarah Lantikan Baru [SLB2111]; Ministry of Education, Youth and Sports of the Czech RepublicMinistry of Education, Youth & Sports - Czech Republic [RP/CPS/2020/006]; Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Collaborative Research Grant (CRG) [08G79]; Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Professional Development Research University (PDRU) [05E21]05E21; RP/CPS/2020/006, SLB2111; Ministerstvo Školství, Mládeže a Tělovýchovy, MŠMT; Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, UTM: 08G7

Voxel-based morphometric difference in metabolic activity of 50 to 73 years old healthy adult brain: A PET/CT study

Healthy adult exhibits variants of 18F-FDG distribution of cerebral glucose metabolism associated with age. This study was conducted to investigate the hypometabolism and hypermetabolism as a function of gender in healthy adults unrelated to dementia. The subjects consisted of 21 males aged 51 to 66 (mean + SD = 57.81 + 4.792) and 15 females aged 50 to 73 (mean + SD = 62.8 + 5.906). Six data of equal gender were randomly chosen from the subjects to investigate the difference in metabolic activity. The result showed that hypometabolismwas detected at cerebrum, cerebellum, parahippocampalgyrus, superior frontal gyrus, superior temporal gyrus, frontal lobe and posterior lobe that were not exclusively showing dementia-related diseases but only a sign of mild cognitive decline with increased age. In healthy elderly, hypometabolismwas also seen in the anterior regions of the brain that related to executive function and performance of attention. Preserved glucose consumptionwas seen as both hypo- and hypermetabolized in the cerebrum and cerebellum region. This finding was supported by previous studies that a normal daily function of an AD patient was preserved even with evidence of cognitive decline. Nevertheless, there were gender effect differences in metabolic activity between male and female healthy adults. Hypometabolism was significant in right cerebrum, right cerebellum and left cerebellum for male but hypermetabolic in female at left cerebrum region. On the other hand, only female subject showed a hypometabolic area in thalamus and parahippocampalgyrus due to effect of estrogen where older female aged 50 and above were in menopausal condition unless HRT were taken

Sensitivities of rheological properties of magnetoactive foam for soft sensor technology

Magnetoactive (MA) foam, with its tunable mechanical properties and magnetostriction, has the potential to be used for the development of soft sensor technology. However, researchers have found that its mechanical properties and magnetostriction are morphologically dependent, thereby limiting its capabilities for dexterous manipulation. Thus, in this work, MA foam was developed with additional capabilities for controlling its magnetostriction, normal force, storage modulus, shear stress and torque by manipulating the concentration of carbonyl iron particles (CIPs) and the magnetic field with regard to morphological changes. MA foams were prepared with three weight percentages of CIPs, namely, 35 wt.%, 55 wt.% and 75 wt.%, and three different modes, namely, zero shear, constant shear and various shears. The results showed that the MA foam with 75 wt.% of CIPs enhanced the normal force sensitivity and positive magnetostriction sensitivity by up to 97% and 85%, respectively. Moreover, the sensitivities of the storage modulus, torque and shear stress were 8.97 Pa/mT, 0.021 µN/mT, and 0.0096 Pa/mT, respectively. Meanwhile, the magnetic dipolar interaction between the CIPs was capable of changing the property of MA foam from a positive to a negative magnetostriction under various shear strains with a low loss of energy. Therefore, it is believed that this kind of highly sensitive MA foam can potentially be implemented in future soft sensor systems. © 2021 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland.Universiti Teknologi Malaysia through Collaborative Research Grant (CRG) [08G79]; Professional Development Research University (PDRU) [05E21]; Universitas Sebelas Maret, Hibah Non APBN 2021, LPPM-UNS; Ministry of Education, Youth and Sports of the Czech RepublicMinistry of Education, Youth & Sports - Czech Republic [RP/CPS/2020/006]05E21; Ministerstvo Školství, Mládeže a Tělovýchovy, MŠMT; Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, UTM: 08G79; Universitas Sebelas Maret, UNS: RP/CPS/2020/00

Effects of petroleum-based oils as dispersing aids on physicochemical characteristics of magnetorheological elastomers

This paper investigated the effects of petroleum-based oils (PBOs) as a dispersing aid on the physicochemical characteristics of natural rubber (NR)-based magnetorheological elastomers (MREs). The addition of PBOs was expected to overcome the low performance of magnetorheological (MR) elastomers due to their inhomogeneous dispersion and the mobility of magnetic particles within the elastomer matrix. The NR-based MREs were firstly fabricated by mixing the NR compounds homogeneously with different ratios of naphthenic oil (NO), light mineral oil (LMO), and paraffin oil (PO) to aromatic oil (AO), with weight percentage ratios of 100:0, 70:30, 50:50, and 30:70, respectively. From the obtained results, the ratios of NO mixed with low amounts of AO improved the material physicochemical characteristics, such as thermal properties. Meanwhile, LMO mixed the AO led to the best results for curing characteristics, microstructure observation, and magnetic properties of the MREs. We found that the LMO mixed with a high content of AO could provide good compatibility between the rubber molecular and magnetic particles due to similar chemical structures, which apparently enhance the physicochemical characteristics of MREs. In conclusion, the 30:70 ratio of LMO:AO is considered the preferable dispersing aid for MREs due to structural compounds present in the oil that enhance the physicochemical characteristics of the NR-based MREs

Natural weathering effects on the mechanical, rheological, and morphological properties of magnetorheological elastomer (MRE) in tropical climate

Magnetorheological elastomer (MRE) materials have the potential to be used in a wide range of applications that require long-term service in hostile environments. These widespread applications will result in the emergence of MRE-specific durability issues, where durability refers to performance under in-service environmental conditions. In response, the outdoor tropical climatic environment, combined with the effects of weathering, will be the primary focus of this paper, specifically the photodegradation of the MRE. In this study, MRE made of silicone rubber (SR) and 70 wt% micron-sized carbonyl iron particles (CIP) were prepared and subjected to mechanical and rheological testing to evaluate the effects under natural weathering. Magnetorheological elastomer samples were exposed to the natural weathering conditions of a tropical climate in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia, for 30 days. To obtain a comprehensive view of MRE degradation during natural weathering, mechanical testing, rheology, and morphological evaluation were all performed. The mechanical and rheological properties test results revealed that after 30 days of exposure and known meteorological parameters, Young's modulus and storage modulus increased, while elongation at break decreased. The degradation processes of MRE during weathering, which are responsible for their undesirable change, were given special attention. With the help of morphological evidence, the relationship between these phenomena and the viscoelastic properties of MRE was comprehensively defined and discussed.UTM Fundamental Research [22H14]; Professional Development Research University (PDRU) [06E29]; Universitas Sebelas Maret through hibah non APBN 2022 LPPM; Ministry of Education, Youth and Sports of the Czech Republic [RP/CPS/2022/007]06E29; Ministerstvo Školství, Mládeže a Tělovýchovy, MŠMT; Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, UTM: 22H14; Universitas Sebelas Maret, UNS; Lembaga Penelitian dan Pengabdian Kepada Masyarakat, LPPM: RP/CPS/2022/00

Material characterizations of gr-based magnetorheological elastomer for possible sensor applications: rheological and resistivity properties

Considering persistent years, many researchers continuously seek an optimum way to utilize the idea of magnetorheology (MR) materials to be practically used for everyday life, particularly concerning resistivity sensing application. The rheology and resistivity of a graphite (Gr)-based magnetorheological elastomer (Gr-MRE) were experimentally evaluated in the present research. Magnetorheological elastomer (MRE) samples were prepared by adding Gr as a new additive during MRE fabrication. The effect of additional Gr on the rheological and resistivity properties were investigated and compared with those of typical MREs without a Gr additive. Morphological aspects of Gr-MRE were characterized using field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM) and energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX). Rheological properties under different magnetic fields were evaluated using a parallel-plate rheometer. Subsequently, the resistivity of all samples was measured under different applied forces and magnetic fields. From the resistivity evaluation, two relationship curves resistance (R) under different applied forces (F) and different magnetic fields (B) were established and plotted by using an empirical model. It was observed from the FESEM images that the presence of Gr fractions arrangement contributes to the conductivity of MRE. It was also observed that, with the addition of Gr, rheological properties such as the field-dependent modulus can be improved, particularly at low strain amplitudes. It is also demonstrated that the addition of Gr in MRE can contribute to the likely use of force detection in tactile sensing devices

Simulation of a pre-structure device for fountain-like magnetorheological elastomer via Finite Element Magnetic Method (FEMM)

The ability of a pre-structure device for curing the fountain-like alignment of CIPs in a magnetorheological elastomer (MRE) is simulated in this study. In order to generate the fountain-like magnetic flux in the device, the device was equipped with an electromagnet coil and a cylindrical permanent magnet to pick-up the pass magnetic flux trough the MRE mould. While the electromagnetic coil is utilised to control the generated magnetic flux density in the device via manipulating induced currents for different magnetic fields. The analysis then was conducted by using Finite Element Magnetic Method (FEMM) software to determine the magnetic flux density in the device as well as the fountain-like shape of magnetic flux lines that flew in the MRE mould. In the simulation, the primary factor in determining the strength of the magnetic field across the mould is the change in current. The simulation has found that the current required to generate around 0.24T is about 1A comprise of electromagnetic coil and permanent magnet

Material characterization of magnetorheological elastomers with corroded carbonyl iron particles: morphological images and field-dependent viscoelastic properties

High temperatures and humidity could alter the field-dependent rheological properties of MR materials. These environmental phenomena may accelerate the deterioration processes that will affect the long-term rheological reliability of MR materials such as MR elastomer (MRE). This study therefore attempts to investigate the field-dependent rheological characteristics of MRE with corroded carbonyl iron particles (CIPs). The corroded CIPs were treated with hydrochloric acid (HCl) as a way of providing realistic environments in gauging the CIPs reaction towards the ambient conditions. The corroded CIPs along with silicone rubber as a matrix material were used in the fabrication of the MRE samples. To observe the effect of HCl treatment on the CIPs, the morphological observations of MREs with non-corroded and corroded CIPs were investigated via field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), energy-dispersive x-ray spectroscopy (EDX) and x-ray diffractometer (XRD). In addition, the magnetic properties were examined through the vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM), while the field-dependent rheological characteristics such as the storage modulus of MRE with the corroded CIPs were also tested and compared with the non-corroded CIPs. The results showed that the corroded CIPs possessed hydrangea-like structures. In the meantime, it was identified that a sudden reduction of up to 114% of the field-dependent MR effect of MRE with the corroded CIPs was observed as a result of the weakened interfacial bonding between the CIPs and the silicon in the outer layers of the CIPs structure