Maintaining health and sustainability of urban metabolism ecosystem in line with sustainable development: a case study of Qarchak, Iran

Background: The present study aimed to evaluate the urban metabolism in line with sustainable development of Qarchak city, Iran. Methods: The present study was applied in terms of type and descriptive-analytical in terms of method. The statistical population of the study included Qarchak city as one of the cities of Tehran province with a population of 231075 people based on 2016 census. It is located in the northwest of Varamin city. Information was collected through library studies, documents and databases were checked. After identifying the criteria, they were converted into quantitative indices and the indices were weighted and prioritized within the framework of AHP weight model. Data analysis was done with the Metabolic Outcomes Assessment (MIA) method. Results: The final score of the study area was 29.61, while the optimal status is 60.64. Therefore, the current status of the area compared to the optimal status, gained about 45% of the scores. It indicates that the metabolic status of the study area is poor. Also, according to experts, water criterion with a weight of 0.388 has the highest rank and air criterion with a weight of 0.075 has the lowest rank and importance. Also, the incompatibility coefficient is 0.09, which is acceptable. Conclusion: Based on the results of the present study, understanding the deep relationship between the city and the environment to solve urban and environmental problems, optimization of systems and multiple natural and human processes is essential that should be considered by public people and urban planners

Çoklu GPGPU sistemleri için eniyilenmiş dizi hizalama yöntemleri

Cataloged from PDF version of article.Thesis (M.S.): Bilkent University, Department of Computer Engineering, İhsan Doğramacı Bilkent University, 2016.Includes bibliographical references (leaves 52-57).DNA sequence alignment problem can be broadly defined as the character-level comparison of DNA sequences obtained from one or more samples against a database of reference (i.e., consensus) genome sequence of the same or a similar species. High throughput sequencing (HTS) technologies were introduced in 2006, and the latest iterations of HTS technologies are able to read the genome of a human individual in just three days for a cost of ~ $1,000. With HTS technologies we may encounter massive amount of reads available in different size and they also present a computational problem since the analysis of the HTS data requires the comparison of >1 billion short (100 characters, or base pairs) \reads" against a very long (3 billion base pairs) reference genome. Since DNA molecules are composed of two opposing strands (i.e. two complementary strings), the number of required comparisons are doubled. It is therefore present a diffcult and important challenge of mapping in terms of execution time and scalability with this volume of different-size short reads. Instead of calculating billions of local alignment of short vs long sequences using a quadratic-time algorithm, heuristics are applied to speed up the process. First, partial sequence matches, called \seeds", are quickly found using either Burrows Wheeler Transform (BWT) followed with Ferragina-Manzini Index (FM), or a simple hash table. Next, the candidate locations are verified using a dynamic programming alignment algorithm that calculates Levenshtein edit distance (mismatches, insertions, deletions different from reference), which runs in quadratic time. Although these heuristics are substantially faster than local alignment, because of the repetitive nature of the human genome, they often require hundreds of verification runs per read, imposing a heavy computational burden. However, all of these billions of alignments are independent from each other, thus the read mapping problem presents itself as embarrassingly parallel. In this thesis we propose novel algorithms that are optimized for multiple graphic processing units (GPGPUs) to accelerate the read mapping procedure beyond the capabilities of algorithmic improvements that only use CPUs. We distribute the read mapping workload into the massively parallel architecture of GPGPUs to performing millions of alignments simultaneously, using single or many GPGPUs, together with multi-core CPUs. Our aim is to reduce the need for large scale clusters or cloud platforms to a single server with advanced parallel processing units.by Azita Nouri.M.S

Synthesis, characterization and application of alumina nanoparticles for photocatalytic degradation of congo red dye

In this study, alumina (Al2O3)  nanoparticles were synthesized by a sol-gel method. The synthesized nanoparticles were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM) coupled with energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS), fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), adsorption-desorption N2 isotherms (BET) and (BJH). Although, alumina was known as an insulator, results in this work were shown, synthesized metal oxide, act as a suitable photocatalyst. The effect of various parameters including irradiation time, pH and catalyst dosage on the degradation of congo red dye was investigated. The best results were obtained under visible light radiation and at irradiation time 30 minute, pH=4, 0.1 g catalyst

Mathematical beta function formulation for maxillary arch form prediction in normal occlusion population

The aim of this study was to assess the dental arch curvature in subjects with normal occlusion in an Iranian population and propose a beta function formula to predict maxillary arch form using the mandibular intermolar widths (IMW) and intermolar depths (IMD). The materials used were study casts of 54 adolescents with normal occlusion and mean age of 14.1 years (25 males, 29 females, age range 12–16 years). Curve-fitting analyses were carried out and the curves passing through the facial-axis point of the canines, premolars, first molars, and the incisal edges of the anterior teeth were studied using a 3D laser scanner. Using the measuredIMWand IMDof the dental arches at the maxillary and mandibular first molar region, a beta function formula proposed for predicting maxillary arch form. The accuracy of the proposed formula was assessed on 10 randomly selected dental casts. The mean (SD) of the maxillary and mandibular IMW and IMD were 57.92 (4.75), 54.19 (5.31), and 31.59 (2.90) and 28.10 (2.59) mm, respectively. There was no gender dimorphism (P>0.05) for both variables (IMW, IMD). There was a strong positive association (n = 10, Pearson r = 0.98, P<0.05) between the measured (actual) maxillary arch length and proposed arch length derived from generated formula. The goodness of fit (whole arch) for the proposed beta function formula, using adjusted r square measure and root mean square in 10 patients averaged 0.97 and 1.49 mm, respectively. The corresponding figures for the maxillary anterior arch (canine to canine) were 0.90 and 0.92 mm, respectively. The proposed beta function formula used for predicting maxillary arch form based on two mandibular measures (IMW, IMD) was found to have a high accuracy for maxillary arch prediction in the Iranian population and may be used as a guide to fabricate customized arch wires or as an aid in maxillary reconstructive surgery