The effect of brown seaweed (Sargassum ilicifolium) powder on western white leg shrimp

The effects of substitution of seaweed, Sargassum ilicifolium, by replacing protein resources, in Litopenaeus vannamei diets was studied. It was carried out by incorporation of raw powdered seaweed at three levels, 0% as control treatment, 5% (C), 10% (B) and 15% (A) each with four replications in isoprotein, (33%) and isocaloric (355kcal.100^-1) diets. Binder properties of seaweeds in different diet pellets were evaluated. In laboratory conditions, 480 shrimp juveniles (initial weight=3 gram) acclimated in 16 plastic tanks, fed 4% of their biomass daily. During the 45 day digestibility experiment, biometric indices were measured at 15 day intervals to assess the growth performances. Based on physicochemical analysis of water at 2 day intervals, effective parameters were maintained at a required range for the wellbeing of the shrimp during the experiment. Results of the experiment show that Sargassum sp. can be used as a binder in shrimp feed ingredients with significant differences between treatment pellet stability and water absorbance percent in sea water. Although initial biomass, SGR and survival rate showed no differences between treatments, but final biomass, biomass gain, FCR, shrimp flesh color and cholesterol levels revealed significant differences between treatments (p<0.05). The diet with the highest level of seaweed (A) showed not only the best growth performances, survival rate, change in the flesh color desirable to the consumers and decreased cholesterol level in shrimp, but also has the best binder property for shrimp pellet making

An investigation effect of seaweeds as shrimp -feed ingredient for growth performance of Litopenaeus vannamei

In this project, the nutritional effects of Sargassum illicifolium Chabahar bay-Oman Sea, on growth and survival rates of whiteleg shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei) were studied. The seaweed collected from 6 coastal area, rinsed, dried, powdered and measured the nutritional values in laboratory for surveying statistically. According to the high nutritional value of Tis coastal seaweed, this variate seaweed powder, replaced with protein resources (fish meal and Soy and Wheat) of whiteleg shrimp feed which was formulated by Havorash feed factory of Boshehr in four treatments (A: as control without any replacement) B: with 5%, C: 10 % and D: 15% seaweed replacement, each with three replicates in order to obtain isonitrogenus 33% CP., and Isocaloric (13% fat and 15% carbohydrate) feed. The weighed milled ingredients were carefully mixed using a laboratory food mixer. The mixtures were primed with 30% hot water to yield a suitable pulp. Wet diets were made into 2 mm pellet size and dried at 40 °C in a drying cabinet and maintained in standard condition which was used according to daily need shrimp, calculated by each 10 days biometry. Water stability and absorbtion capacity of the pellets in sea water were measured and compared statistically. Juvenile shrimps (Initial body weight =3 g) brought from Jask hatchery, acclimazed for one week in Chabahar hatchery condition and feeding daily 3-5% body weight. Abiotical parameters and weight and length biometrics were measured two days and 10 days, respectively. After 45 days and final biometry, FCR, CF, SGR, caracas analysis, muscle colourimetery with HPLC were done, tasted with pp Plot for determining the parametric data and statistically differences using one – way ANOVA, Duncan test of SPSS software. The Tis coastal seaweed with 9.8% CP, 2% lipid and 23% carbohydrate had higher nutritional value compared to the other gathered seaweed. Also amino acid and fatty acid profiles, vitamins and minerals were measured in all seaweed samples each, with three replications. As result, the water stability of D feed treatment in seawater (98%) and C (97%) had statistical differences with A and B (95% stability) (P0.05) but Cholestrol content of, showed differences between all, significantly (P<0.05) which was the highest (121.68±12.12) in D and the lowest in A (147.92±11.02). Feed treatment D and C performed colour changes pink partial orang and pink in shrimp muscle with no any difference compared to white and none colour in shrimp were fed B and A feed treatments . It seems this colour changing can be playing a major role in market acceptability

The possibility of broodstock production Pinctada margaritifera in response to the dietary treatments

Pearl aquaculture production is one of the most valuable industry in the world. Black lip pearl oyster Pinctada margaritifera is one of the most important commercial species in the world that it is used for breeding and production of pearl. To determine the basic requirements for black lip oyster growth and development of gonad under controlled conditions, Pearl oysters with a total length of 80 mm shells that were in stage 2 maturation of the island Hendorabi collected by diving operations and were transferred to Bandar Lengeh Research Station Persian Gulf mollusks. Pearl oysters with length of 95 mm shells, was passed were all male. 25 percent of them with a total length of 100-110 mm and all with a total length top of 110 mm were female. Then thay were fed for 45 days in appropriate conditions of temperature and photoperiod with March until late spring. Ggreatest physical growth related to Diet with micro-algae Isochrysis sp (T.ISO), Cheatoceros calcitrans, Cheatoceros mullerii, Pavlova lutheri and Tetraselmis suecica, which with the other treatments were significantly different (p<0.05). Most gonadal growth of the group 4 (Isochrysis sp (T.ISO), Pavlova lutheri, Cheatoceros calcitrans, Cheatoceros mullerii) was 70% in the treated females were spawning. Minimum total length of black lip oyster in habitat of 80 mm, which were collected from a depth of 2 meters. There is no relationship between total length Oysters and depth of 4 to 10 meters depth and minimum total length was 115 mm. The most density of Black lip oyster were observed in the depths of 4 to 7 meters in the northwestern part of the island Hendorabi. There were stronger correlation between biometric data, length-weight relative to length- length

Biosynthesis of iron nanoparticles using Allium eriophyllum Boiss extract: Chemical characterization, antioxidant, cytotoxicity, antibacterial, antifungal, and cutaneous wound healing effects

Recently, metal nanoparticles have been used for the treatment of several disorders, such as infectious diseases. Indeed, finding the antibiotics of nanoparticles is in researching priority of many countries. The aim of this experiment was the green synthesis of iron nanoparticles from aqueous extract of Allium eriophyllum Boiss (FeNPs@AE) and evaluation of their antioxidant, cytotoxicity, antibacterial, antifungal, and cutaneous wound healing effects under in vitro and in vivo conditions. These nanoparticles were characterized by FT-IR, UV, XRD, EDS, TEM, and FE-SEM analysis. According to the XRD analysis, 40 nm was measured for the crystal size of nanoparticles. SEM and TEM images exhibited a uniform spherical morphology and average diameters of 45 nm for the nanoparticles. FTIR findings suggested antioxidant compounds in the nanoparticles were the sources of reducing power, reducing iron ions to FeNPs@AE. DPPH test indicated similar antioxidant potentials for FeNPs@AE and butylated hydroxytoluene. The synthesized FeNPs@AE had great cell viability dose-dependently and revealed this method was nontoxic. In the antimicrobial part of this study, FeNPs@AE prevented the growth of all bacteria and removed them at 2-4 mg/ml concentrations (p <= 0.01). In the case of antifungal effects of FeNPs@AE, they inhibited the growth of all fungi at 1-2 mg/ml concentrations and destroyed them at 2-4 mg/ml concentrations (p <= 0.01). In part of cutaneous wound healing effect of FeNPs@AE, after creating the cutaneous wound, the rats were randomly divided into six groups: treatment with 0.2 FeNPs@AE ointment, treatment with 0.2 A. eriophyllum ointment, treatment with 0.2 FeCl3.6H(2)O ointment, treatment with 3 tetracycline ointment, treatment with Eucerin basal ointment, and untreated control. These groups were treated for 10 days. Use of FeNPs@AE ointment in the treatment groups substantially raised (p <= 0.01) the wound contracture, vessel, hydroxyl proline, hexuronic acid, fibrocyte, and fibrocytes/fibroblast rate and remarkably decreased (p <= 0.01) the wound area, total cells, neutrophil, and lymphocyte compared to other groups. The results of FT-IR, UV, XRD, TEM, and FE-SEM confirm that the aqueous extract of A. eriophyllum can be used to produce iron nanoparticles with a significant amount of antioxidant, antibacterial, antifungal, and cutaneous wound healing properties without any cytotoxicity

Green synthesis and chemical characterization of silver nanoparticles from aqueous extract of Falcaria vulgaris leaves and assessment of their cytotoxicity and antioxidant, antibacterial, antifungal and cutaneous wound healing properties

Nanotechnology encompasses the understanding of the fundamental physics, biology, chemistry and technology of nanometre-scale objects. In recent decades, nanotechnology has grown rapidly owing to its widespread application in science and industry. The aim of the work reported was the green synthesis and chemical characterization of silver nanoparticles from aqueous extract of Falcaria vulgaris leaves (AgNPs@Falcaria) and evaluation of their cytotoxicity and antioxidant, antibacterial, antifungal and cutaneous wound healing effects under in vitro and in vivo conditions. These nanoparticles were characterized using Fourier transform infrared and UV-visible spectroscopies, scanning and transmission electron microscopies and atomic force microscopy. 2,2-Diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl free radical scavenging experiments were conducted to evaluate the antioxidant potential, which indicated similar antioxidant potentials for AgNPs@Falcaria and butylated hydroxytoluene. The synthesized AgNPs@Falcaria had great cell viability dose-dependently, indicating their non-toxicity. Minimum inhibitory, minimum bactericidal and minimum fungicidal concentrations were determined by macro-broth dilution assay. The data were analysed using SPSS software (Duncan post hoc test). AgNPs@Falcaria revealed higher antibacterial and antifungal activities than many standard antibiotics (p <= 0.01). Also, AgNPs@Falcaria prevented the growth of all bacteria at 2-8 mg ml(-1) concentrations and removed them at 4-16 mg ml(-1) concentrations (p <= 0.01). AgNPs@Falcaria inhibited the growth of all fungi at 2-4 mg ml(-1) concentrations and destroyed them at 4-8 mg ml(-1) concentrations (p <= 0.01). For in vivo experiments, after creating a cutaneous wound, rats were randomly divided into six groups: untreated control, treatment with eucerin basal ointment, treatment with 3 tetracycline ointment, treatment with 0.2 AgNO3 ointment, treatment with 0.2 F. vulgaris ointment and treatment with 0.2 AgNPs@Falcaria ointment. Use of AgNPs@Falcaria ointment in the treatment groups substantially decreased (p <= 0.01) the wound area, total cells, neutrophils and lymphocytes and markedly raised (p <= 0.01) wound contracture, hydroxyproline, hexosamine, hexuronic acid, fibrocytes and fibrocyte/fibroblast ratio compared to the other groups. In summary, the synthesized AgNPs@Falcaria revealed non-cytotoxicity and antioxidant, antibacterial, antifungal and cutaneous wound healing activities in a dose-dependent manner