Micro-peat as a potential low-cost adsorbent material for COD and NH3-N removal

Micro-peat (M-P) was demonstrated in the present study as a potential low cost natural adsorbent for the removal of COD and ammoniacal nitrogen (NH3-N) from landfill leachate. A series of batch experiments were carried out under fixed conditions and the influence of mixture ratio was investigated. The characteristics of leachate were then determined. Results indicated that leachate is non-biodegradable with high concentration of COD (2739.06 mg/L), NH3-N (1765.34 mg/L) and BOD5/COD ratio (0.09). The optimum ratio for activated carbon (AC) and M-P in the removal of COD and NH3-N obtained were at 2.5:1.5 (87%) and 1.0:3.0 (65%) respectively. The low-cost natural adsorbent used in the present investigation is an attractive alternative to the conventional adsorbent (AC). Thus, M-P can be appropriated for use in leachate treatment that could be cost-effective due its local availability and adsorption property

Treatment of biodiesel wastewater using ferric chloride and ferric sulfate

The production of biodiesel through the transesterification method produces a large amount of wastewater that contains high level of chemical oxygen demand (COD) and oil and grease. In this study, coagulation was adopted to treat the biodiesel wastewater. Two types of coagulants were examined using standard jar test apparatus, i.e. ferric chloride and ferric sulfate. The effects of pH and coagulant dosage were examined at 150 rpm of rapid mixing and 20 rpm slow mixing and 30 min settling time, higher removal of SS (over 80%), colour (over 80%), COD (over 50%) and Oil and Grease (over 90%) were achieved at pH 6. Ferric Chloride was found to be superior was observed at reasonable lower amount of coagulant i.e. 300 mg/L. The result indicated that coagulation and flocculation process had contributed bigger roles in integrated treatment system

The Effectiveness of Peat-AC Composite Adsorbent in Removing SS, Colour and Fe from Landfill Leachate

Adsorption is a commonly used method for the removal of such various pollutants from aqueous solutions. Nowadays, due to cost-effectiveness, the adsorbent should be economical and cheaply available in abundance and it should require minimal for discharge into water bodies. This study was undertaken to investigate the efficiency of activated carbon (AC) to partially replace with peat as an inexpensive adsorbate composite medium for removing suspended solid (SS), colour and iron (Fe) from landfill leachate. The process of identifying the optimum composition of the composite adsorbent was carried out using batch technique. It shaken for 120 minutes with 200 rpm at pH 7. The optimum ratio of peat and AC had been chosen as 2.0:2.0 for SS and color while 2.5:1.5 for Fe. The value of the removal percentage for SS, colour and Fe were 71.6%, 74.4% and 79.6% in respectively. This indicates that peat can be used as a cost-effective medium to partially substitute of commercially AC in the composite for SS, colour and iron removal at a considerably lower cost

A survey on knowledge and practices in erosive tooth wear among dental practitioners in Kuantan, Pahang: a preliminary study

Introduction: Erosive tooth wear (ETW) is an emerging dental condition worldwide. However, most dental practitioners overlooked the early stages of the condition due to vague clinical appearance of tooth surface loss. Therefore, this study was aimed to determine the knowledge of ETW and treatment given amongst dental professionals in private clinics in Kuantan, Pahang. Materials and method: Several private dental clinics in Kuantan, Pahang, involved in this cross-sectional study. Dental practitioners were volunteering to participate in this research. A validated self-administered questionnaire was distributed, and a descriptive analysis was conducted. Result: The overall response rate was 75%. Results revealed that most participants obtained a structured education on ETW (79.2%). Through continuous dental education, about half of the participants learnt further. All participants agreed that carbonated drink caused ETW, and most reported that gastroesophageal reflux diseases and pickles had related to the ETW. The majority of participants favoured case note (79%) with regards to ETW records. Nevertheless, 40.9% and 36.4% are recorded at the tooth surface and individual level, respectively. Surprisingly, 79% of them did not know about special scores when assessing ETW. Most participants prefer to give instruction on oral hygiene and diet counselling as preventive measures, but the use of fluoride was not given priority. 77% have not ever referred the case to a dental specialist and preferred to treat the patient on their own. Conclusion: ETW knowledge among recruited PDPs is adequate; however, no specific indices were used for ETW scoring and insufficient treatment strategies

Proceeding of The International Seminar on Chemistry

Abstract Chemical oxygen demand (COD) and ammoniacal nitrogen were the problematic parameters in landfill leachate treatment. Combination of activated carbon and zeolite as filter medium may reduce this problem. This study was conducted to find treatment alternative by combining the low cost adsorbent such as limestone and rice husk carbon waste and ordinary adsorbent media, activated carbon and zeolite as a single media. All the adsorption media was crushed and sieved to a particle size of 150µm. The optimum ratio was predicted by mean of a batch equilibrium experiments. Ordinary Portland Cement (OPC) was used as a binder at 30 percent by weight. Activated carbon and rice husk carbon was grouped as a hydrophobic media where the optimum ratio was 1:1. Zeolite and limestone was in hydrophilic media group which the best ratio was 3:1. The ratio for hydrophilic and hydrophobic media had been chosen as 7:1 accordingly to adsorption behavior of ammoniacal nitrogen and organic constituents (COD) to the media. The optimum conditions for adsorption batch study were found at pH 7, 200rpm in shaking speed and 90 minutes of contact time. The results showed that the equilibrium data were fitted and favorable adsorption by both of the Langmuir and Freundlich isotherms while Langmuir isotherms was slightly better fitted for ammoniacal nitrogen and Freundlich was good for COD removal in term of regression coefficients (R 2 ). Langmuir adsorption capacities (Q) for ammonia and COD were 43.47mg/g and 256.41mg/g respectively while Freundlich (K F ) were 0.00135mg/g and 0.03891mg/g respectively

Erosive tooth wear: knowledge of diagnosis and treatment strategies among private dental practitioners in Kuantan, Pahang

Introduction: Awareness of erosive tooth wear (ETW) by the public is still low and most dental practitioners overlooked the very early stages dismissing minor tooth surface loss of erosive tooth wear. Therefore, this study aimed to assess knowledge of diagnosis and treatment strategies of ETW among private dental practitioners (PDP) in Kuantan. Materials and Methods: A crosssectional study was conducted in Kuantan private clinics involving PDP and general dental practitioners who performed locum by using convenience sampling. A self-administered validated questionnaire was distributed and descriptive analysis was performed. Results: Overall response rate was 75%. Results indicated that majority of participants (79.2%) received formal education about ETW. About half of participants further learned through continuous dental education. All participants agreed that carbonated drink was the cause of ETW and majority of them reported that gastro-esophageal reflux diseases and pickles also contributed to ETW. Regarding ETW documentation, majority of participants (79%) preferred case notes. Nevertheless, 40.9% and 36.4% record at tooth surface level and individual level respectively. In term of specific scoring in assessing ETW, 79% of them did not know about it. Most of participants prefer giving oral hygiene instruction and diet counseling as preventive measures; however usage of fluorides was not prioritized. 77% of participants never referred case to dental specialist and prefer to treat patient by themselves. Conclusion(s): Knowledge of ETW among recruited PDP is adequate however they did not use any specific indices for ETW scoring and treatment strategies were insufficient

Potential of agro waste-derived adsorbent material for colour removal

The potential of Empty Fruit Bunch obtained from palm oil tree as a low-cost adsorbent is a sustainable approach in wastewater treatment. The objective this study to investigate the capability of EFB for removal colour from natural rubber wastewater as well as the influence of adsorbent dosage, pH, shaking speed and contact time. The results of the analysis show that all selected factors exhibit significant effect on removal of colour. Maximum removal (87.1%) for colour was achieved at 3.5 g of adsorbent dosage, pH 7, 150 rpm of shaking speed, 120 min of contact time. The Langmuir isotherm (R2 = 0.9913) described colour adsorption slightly better than the Freundlich isotherm (R2 = 0.9805), suggesting a monolayer adsorption behavior of the adsorption processes