2,720 research outputs found
Analyzing three-player quantum games in an EPR type setup
We use the formalism of Clifford Geometric Algebra (GA) to develop an
analysis of quantum versions of three-player non-cooperative games. The quantum
games we explore are played in an Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen (EPR) type setting.
In this setting, the players' strategy sets remain identical to the ones in the
mixed-strategy version of the classical game that is obtained as a proper
subset of the corresponding quantum game. Using GA we investigate the outcome
of a realization of the game by players sharing GHZ state, W state, and a
mixture of GHZ and W states. As a specific example, we study the game of
three-player Prisoners' Dilemma.Comment: 21 pages, 3 figure
Social optimality in quantum Bayesian games
A significant aspect of the study of quantum strategies is the exploration of
the game-theoretic solution concept of the Nash equilibrium in relation to the
quantization of a game. Pareto optimality is a refinement on the set of Nash
equilibria. A refinement on the set of Pareto optimal outcomes is known as
social optimality in which the sum of players' payoffs are maximized. This
paper analyzes social optimality in a Bayesian game that uses the setting of
generalized Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen experiments for its physical
implementation. We show that for the quantum Bayesian game a direct connection
appears between the violation of Bell's inequality and the social optimal
outcome of the game and that it attains a superior socially optimal outcome.Comment: 12 pages, revise
The equivalence of Bell's inequality and the Nash inequality in a quantum game-theoretic setting
The interaction of competing agents is described by classical game theory. It
is now well known that this can be extended to the quantum domain, where agents
obey the rules of quantum mechanics. This is of emerging interest for exploring
quantum foundations, quantum protocols, quantum auctions, quantum cryptography,
and the dynamics of quantum cryptocurrency, for example. In this paper, we
investigate two-player games in which a strategy pair can exist as a Nash
equilibrium when the games obey the rules of quantum mechanics. Using a
generalized Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen (EPR) setting for two-player quantum games,
and considering a particular strategy pair, we identify sets of games for which
the pair can exist as a Nash equilibrium only when Bell's inequality is
violated. We thus determine specific games for which the Nash inequality
becomes equivalent to Bell's inequality for the considered strategy pair.Comment: 18 pages, revise
Pengaruh Penyuntikan Ekstrak Kelenjar Hipofisa Ayam Broiler terhadap Fertilitas, Daya Tetas dan Survival Rate Ikan Mas (Cyprinus Carpio L.)
The objectives of this experiment were to study the effect of chicken hypophyse gland exttact for spawning of carp. Each twenty female of about 2950-3050 g/head and 100 of male carp of about 300-350 g body weight/head were used in the experiments. Hypophyse gland extract were prepared from the hypophyse glands of broiler chickens of about 10 days old. As treatments, the extract was injected in five different doses of 200, 400, 600, 800 and 1000 mg/kg body weight. Each dose was injected twice. The second injection was done after 1 hours. Each treatment consisted of 4 replications as block. Parameter measured included: egg fertility, egg hatching rate and survival rate of larvae, water qualities (temperature, dissolved 02. free CO2, NH3 content and pH). Data were statistically analyzed by variance analysis in randomized block design (RBD). Results indicated that injection of broiler's hypophyse gland extract gave highly significant (P < 0.01) effect on spawning egg fertility, egg hatching rate and survival rate of carp larvae of three days old. The optimal injection dose was found 582 mg broiler's hypophyse gland/kg carp body weight
Tingkat Keterlaksanaan Pendekatan Saintifik pada Mata Pelajaran IPA Berbasis Kurikulum 2013 Menurut Persepsi Siswa Kelas IX SMP Negeri Pekanbaru
This research aims to describe the level of implementation scientific approach in science based on Curriculum 2013 according to the perception of 9th grade student of SMP Negeri Pekanbaru. The research use survey method. The population is students of 9th grade SMP Negeri Pekanbaru, namely: SMPN 1 Pekanbaru, SMPN 6 Pekanbaru, and SMPN 23 Pekanbaru the totally is 771 students. The sample use Slovin with the error level is 5% of the population, while the sample is 263 students. The results of research the level of implementation scientific approach in science based on Curriculum 2013 according to the perception of 9th grade student of SMP Negeri Pekanbaru the score is 2.73 in the category quite well. It can be concluded that the application of the scientific approach to the learning process at schools with the maximum has not been done. It is caused by several factors, namely: the limited time, limited infrastructure such as infocus in the classroom, the teacher is less a creative learning
The vector algebra war: a historical perspective
There are a wide variety of different vector formalisms currently utilized in
engineering and physics. For example, Gibbs' three-vectors, Minkowski
four-vectors, complex spinors in quantum mechanics, quaternions used to
describe rigid body rotations and vectors defined in Clifford geometric
algebra. With such a range of vector formalisms in use, it thus appears that
there is as yet no general agreement on a vector formalism suitable for science
as a whole. This is surprising, in that, one of the primary goals of nineteenth
century science was to suitably describe vectors in three-dimensional space.
This situation has also had the unfortunate consequence of fragmenting
knowledge across many disciplines, and requiring a significant amount of time
and effort in learning the various formalisms. We thus historically review the
development of our various vector systems and conclude that Clifford's
multivectors best fulfills the goal of describing vectorial quantities in three
dimensions and providing a unified vector system for science.Comment: 8 pages, 1 figure, 1 tabl
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