Caracterização da raça 65 de Colletotrichum lindemuthianum utilizando sequenciamento das regiões ITS

The present work aimed characterize isolates of C. lindemuthianum race 65 from different regions in Brazil by ITS sequencing. A total of 17 isolates of race 65, collected in the states of Mato Grosso, Minas Gerais, Paraná, Santa Catarina and São Paulo, were studied. Analysis of the sequences of isolates 8, 9, 12, 14 and 15 revealed the presence of two single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the ITS1 region at the same positions. These isolates, when analyzed together with the sequence of isolate 17, revealed a SNP in the ITS2 region. The highest genetic dissimilarity, observed between isolates 11 and 3 and between isolates 11 and 10, was 0.772. In turn, isolates 7 and 2 were the most similar, with a value of 0.002 for genetic distance. The phylogenetic tree obtained based on the sequences of the ITS1 and ITS2 regions revealed the formation of two groups, one with a subgroup. The results reveal high molecular variability among isolates of race 65 of C. lindemuthianum.O presente trabalho teve como objetivo caracterizar isolados de C. lindemuthianum da raça 65 provenientes de diversas regiões do Brasil, por meio de sequenciamento de regiões ITS. Um total de 17 isolados da raça 65, coletados nos estados do Mato Grosso, Minas Gerais, Paraná, Santa Catarina e São Paulo, foram estudados. As análises das sequências dos isolados 8, 9, 12, 14 e 15 revelaram a presença de dois SNPs na região ITS1 nas mesmas posições. Estes mesmos isolados quando analisados juntamente com a sequência do isolado 17 apresentaram um SNP na região ITS2. A maior dissimilaridade genética foi de 0,772 observada entre os isolados 11 e 3 e entre os isolados 11 e 10. Por sua vez, os isolados 7 e 2 foram os mais similares, com valor de distância genética de 0,002. A árvore filogenética obtida com base nas sequências das regiões ITS1 e ITS2 revelou a formação de dois grupos, sendo um com a divisão de um subgrupo. Estes resultados revelam uma elevada variabilidade molecular entre isolados da raça 65 de C. lindemuthianum.Fil: Coelho, Marcela. Universidade Estadual de Maringá; BrasilFil: Gonçalves Vidigal, María Celeste. Universidade Estadual de Maringá; BrasilFil: Souza, Lorenna Lopes de. Universidade Federal de Goiás; BrasilFil: Nunes, María Paula Barion Alvez. Universidade Estadual de Londrina; BrasilFil: Azevedo, Rafhael Felipin. Universidade Estadual de Maringá; BrasilFil: Galván, Marta Zulema. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentina. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria. Centro Regional Salta. Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Salta; Argentin

Diversidade genética em cultivares e linhagens de feijão comum (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) utilizando análises multivariadas

O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a divergência genética entre cultivares/ linhagens de feijão comum e indicar genitores contratantes e superiores para produzir populações segregantes com alta variabilidade. Avaliou-se 25 cultivares/linhagens de feijão, em delineamento de blocos ao acaso com três repetições. Os caracteres agronômicos avaliados foram: Número de dias para o florescimento, Ciclo, Altura média final das plantas, Altura média da inserção primeira vagem, Comprimento médio longitudinal das vagens, Número médio de vagens por planta, Número médio de sementes por vagem, Número médio de sementes por planta, Peso médio de 100 sementes e Produtividade de grãos. Os dados obtidos foram submetidos à análise de variância, seguido do teste de agrupamento de Scott e Knott. Para a análise da divergência genética entre as cultivares/linhagens foi empregada análise multivariada com base na distância generalizada de Mahalanobis, realizando posteriormente os métodos aglomerativos de otimização de Tocher, método hierárquico “UPGMA” e projeção de distância no plano 2D. O grau de preservação das distâncias genéticas no dendrograma foi verificado a partir do Coeficiente de Correlação Cofenética. Utilizou-se, também, o critério de Singh (1981) para quantificar a contribuição relativa das características para a divergência genética. As cultivares/linhagens avaliadas apresentam dissimilaridade genética quanto às características agronômicas avaliadas. A característica comprimento médio longitudinal das vagens é a que mais contribuiu para estimar a diversidade genética entre as cultivares/linhagens. E híbridos com maior efeito heterótico podem ser obtidos dos cruzamentos entre Iraí × Goiano Precoce, Iraí × Pérola, Goiano Precoce × CNFC 10467 e IAPAR 81 × Pérola

The common bean COK‐4 and the Arabidopsis FER kinase domain share similar functions in plant growth and defence

Receptor-like kinases are membrane proteins that can be shared by diverse signalling pathways. Among them, the Arabidopsis thaliana FERONIA (FER) plays a role in the balance between distinct signals to control growth and defence. We have found that COK-4, a putative kinase encoded in the common bean anthracnose resistance locus Co-4, which is transcriptionally regulated during the immune response, is highly similar to the kinase domain of FER. To assess whether COK-4 is a functional orthologue of FER, we expressed COK-4 in the wild-type Col-0 and the fer-5 mutant of Arabidopsis and evaluated FER-associated traits. We observed that fer-5 plants show an enhanced apoplastic and stomatal defence against Pseudomonas syringae. In addition, the fer-5 mutant shows reduced biomass, smaller guard cell size, greater number of stomata per leaf area, fewer leaves, faster transition to reproductive stage and lower seed weight per plant than the wild-type Col-0. Except for the stomatal complex length and number of stomata, COK-4 expression in fer-5 lines partially or completely rescued both defence and developmental defects of fer-5 to the wild-type level. Notably, COK-4 may have an additive effect to FER, as the expression of COK-4 in Col-0 resulted in enhanced defence and growth phenotypes in comparison with wild-type Col-0 plants. Altogether, these findings indicate that the common bean COK-4 shares at least some of the multiple functions of the Arabidopsis FER kinase domain, acting in both the induction of plant growth and regulation of plant defence

Molecular characterization of common bean accessions using microsatellite markers

ABSTRACT The common bean, a legume of significant economic importance, is renowned for its extensive genetic variability. It is crucial to comprehend genetic diversity, analyze population structure, and understand relationships among commercial classes of accessions to facilitate genetic improvement. This study aimed to molecularly characterize 143 common bean accessions by employing 25 SSR molecular markers. The objectives were to estimate genetic diversity, analyze genetic structure, and cluster populations using the UPGMA and PCoA methods. A total of 105 alleles were amplified using microsatellite loci, and the observed heterozygosity was lower than expected across all loci, indicating inbreeding within the populations. Among the loci, 22 were highly informative, demonstrating their effectiveness and polymorphism in detecting genetic diversity. The genetic variability within the population was found to be the highest, while variation between populations was the lowest. The analysis of population structure revealed the presence of three populations with a notable rate of gene introgression. The UPGMA analysis categorized the accessions into 15 groups, but they did not form distinct clusters based on their geographic regions or gene pool. The first two principal coordinates accounted for 13.95% of the total variation among the accessions. The SSR markers employed effectively detected genetic variability among the common bean accessions, revealing that their genetic diversity was not correlated with their geographic distribution in this study

Characterization of race 65 of Colletotrichum lindemuthianum by sequencing ITS regions

The present work aimed characterize isolates of C. lindemuthianum race 65 from different regions in Brazil by ITS sequencing. A total of 17 isolates of race 65, collected in the states of Mato Grosso, Minas Gerais, Paraná, Santa Catarina and São Paulo, were studied. Analysis of the sequences of isolates 8, 9, 12, 14 and 15 revealed the presence of two single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the ITS1 region at the same positions. These isolates, when analyzed together with the sequence of isolate 17, revealed a SNP in the ITS2 region. The highest genetic dissimilarity, observed between isolates 11 and  3 and between isolates 11 and 10, was 0.772. In turn, isolates 7 and 2 were the most similar, with a value of 0.002 for genetic distance. The phylogenetic tree obtained based on the sequences of the ITS1 and ITS2 regions revealed the formation of two groups, one with a subgroup. The results reveal high molecular variability among isolates of race 65 of C. lindemuthianum.