Quality of Tanzania grass (Panicum maximum) haylage in relation to plant dry matter content

This study aimed to evaluate the quality of Tanzania grass (Panicum maximum) haylage with varying contents of dry matter (DM) and stored for 90 days. The quality of this grass was evaluated through the lens of a variety of physiochemical properties (e.g., chemical composition, aerobic stability, pH, microbial profile, etc.). A completely randomized design was used with four treatments (in natura, 400, 500, and 600 g kg-1 DM) and five replicates. Treatment with 600 g kg-1 DM yielded the highest DM haylage (p < 0.01) and soluble carbohydrate content (p < 0.01). Treatment in natura resulted in the highest O2concentration inside the bales (p < 0.01), whereas treatments with 500 and 600 g kg-1 DM resulted in the highest CO2 values. The highest acetic acid concentrations of 36.4 ± 1.6, 38.2±1.6, and 48.9 ± 1.6 g kg-1 DM (p < 0.01) were observed post the in natura, 500 g kg-1 DM, and 600 g kg-1 DM treatments, respectively. Treatment with 600 g kg-1 DM yielded the highest pH value at hour zero (p < 0.01). Tanzania grass with 500 and 600 g kg-1 DM produced the highest quality haylage. Highlights: Haylage can be defined as stored pre-dried forage with a dry matter (DM) content of approximately 400 to 800 g/kg. Aerobic stability was affected by the interaction between the different plant DM contents and hours of exposure of the Tanzania grass haylage to air after opening the bales. Haylage surface temperature has a linear relationship with the length of time the materials are exposed to air. Higher plant DM yields Tanzania grass haylage of high quality. Tanzania grass with 500 and 600 g kg-1 DM for haylage production is indicated.This study aimed to evaluate the quality of Tanzania grass (Panicum maximum) haylage with varying contents of dry matter (DM) and stored for 90 days. The quality of this grass was evaluated through the lens of a variety of physiochemical properties (e.g., chemical composition, aerobic stability, pH, microbial profile, etc.). A completely randomized design was used with four treatments (in natura, 400, 500, and 600 g kg-1 DM) and five replicates. Treatment with 600 g kg-1 DM yielded the highest DM haylage (p < 0.01) and soluble carbohydrate content (p < 0.01). Treatment in natura resulted in the highest O2concentration inside the bales (p < 0.01), whereas treatments with 500 and 600 g kg-1 DM resulted in the highest CO2 values. The highest acetic acid concentrations of 36.4 ± 1.6, 38.2±1.6, and 48.9 ± 1.6 g kg-1 DM (p < 0.01) were observed post the in natura, 500 g kg-1 DM, and 600 g kg-1 DM treatments, respectively. Treatment with 600 g kg-1 DM yielded the highest pH value at hour zero (p < 0.01). Tanzania grass with 500 and 600 g kg-1 DM produced the highest quality haylage. Highlights: Haylage can be defined as stored pre-dried forage with a dry matter (DM) content of approximately 400 to 800 g/kg. Aerobic stability was affected by the interaction between the different plant DM contents and hours of exposure of the Tanzania grass haylage to air after opening the bales. Haylage surface temperature has a linear relationship with the length of time the materials are exposed to air. Higher plant DM yields Tanzania grass haylage of high quality. Tanzania grass with 500 and 600 g kg-1 DM for haylage production is indicated

Estratégias de irrigação com águas salinas e adubação nitrogenada no cultivo da mamoneira

Thus, the aim of this study was to evaluate the concentration of potassium and sodium in the castor bean cv. BRS Energia as a function of irrigation water salinity and nitrogen fertilization in different phenological phases in an experiment conducted in drainage lysimeters under field conditions, at the Centro de Ciências e Tecnologias Agroalimentar da Universidade Federal de Campina Grande. The experimental design was in a randomized block with 20 treatments arranged in a factorial 5 x 2 x 2, constituted by the combination of five levels of electrical conductivity of irrigation water - ECw (0.3, 1.2, 2, 1, 3.0 and 3.9 dS m-1), two nitrogen doses-DN (100 and 160 mg kg-1 of soil) and two phenological stages (vegetative and formation of production - flowering and fruiting). The concentration of sodium and potassium in the leaves, stem and roots of cv. Energia BRS were measured at 120 days after sowing. The increased levels of salinity increased the sodium concentration in the leaves, stems and roots, and the effect varied according to the developmental stages. The highest concentration of K+ in the leaves, stem and roots was obtained when irrigated with water of ECw of 0.3, 1.8 and 0.3 dS m-1 respectively. The different levels of ECw negatively affect the production, independent of the development phase; Increasing doses of N and the interaction between the factors studied did not interfere in the concentration of K+ and Na+ in any part.Objetivou-se avaliar a concentração de potássio, sódio e a produção na mamoneira cv. BRS Energia, em função da irrigação com águas salinizadas e adubação nitrogenada nas diferentes fases fenológicas, em experimento conduzido em lisímetros de drenagem sob condições de campo no Centro de Ciências e Tecnologias Agroalimentar da Universidade Federal de Campina Grande. O delineamento experimental utilizado foi o de blocos casualizados, arranjados em esquema fatorial 5x2x2, constituídos pela combinação de cinco níveis de condutividade elétrica da água de irrigação - CEa (0,3; 1,2; 2,1; 3,0 e 3,9 dS m-1), duas doses de nitrogênio-DN (100 e 160 mg kg-1 de solo) e duas fases fenológicas (vegetativa e formação da produção - floração e frutificação). A concentração de potássio e sódio nas folhas, caule e raízes da cv. BRS Energia foram mensuradas aos 120 dias após o semeio. O aumento dos níveis de salinidade da água elevou a concentração de sódio nas folhas, caule e raízes, sendo o efeito variável de acordo com os estádios de desenvolvimento. A maior concentração de K+ nas folhas, caule e raízes foi obtida quando se irrigou com água de CEa de 0,3; 1,8 e 0,3 dS m-1 respectivamente. Os diferentes níveis de CEa afeta de forma negativa a produção, independente da fase de desenvolvimento. Doses crescentes de N e a interação entre os fatores estudados não interferiram sobre a concentração de K+ e Na+ em nenhuma parte avaliada