Self-stabilizing algorithms for Connected Vertex Cover and Clique decomposition problems

In many wireless networks, there is no fixed physical backbone nor centralized network management. The nodes of such a network have to self-organize in order to maintain a virtual backbone used to route messages. Moreover, any node of the network can be a priori at the origin of a malicious attack. Thus, in one hand the backbone must be fault-tolerant and in other hand it can be useful to monitor all network communications to identify an attack as soon as possible. We are interested in the minimum \emph{Connected Vertex Cover} problem, a generalization of the classical minimum Vertex Cover problem, which allows to obtain a connected backbone. Recently, Delbot et al.~\cite{DelbotLP13} proposed a new centralized algorithm with a constant approximation ratio of $2$ for this problem. In this paper, we propose a distributed and self-stabilizing version of their algorithm with the same approximation guarantee. To the best knowledge of the authors, it is the first distributed and fault-tolerant algorithm for this problem. The approach followed to solve the considered problem is based on the construction of a connected minimal clique partition. Therefore, we also design the first distributed self-stabilizing algorithm for this problem, which is of independent interest

Highly sensitive frequency selective surface for structural health monitoring system

This paper is introduced a passive sensor to detect the performance of the structure using three-dimensional (3D) Frequency Selective Surfaces (FSS). The proposed 3D Circular FSS results are proved behave as passive sensor with changing of sensitivity incident angles to be apply in Structural Health Monitoring (SHM) system. Moreover, this 3D Circular FSS capable to operate without stand to any (DC/AC) power and very low cost in term of installation and maintenance

FSS on energy saving glass for rf communication enhancement in modern building

The use of energy saving glass has become very popular in the modern day building design. This energy saving property is achieved by applying a very thin tin oxide (SnO2) coating on one side of the glass. This coating can provide good thermal insulation to the buildings by blocking infrared rays while being transparent to visible part of the spectrum. Drawbacks of these energy saving windows is that it also attenuates the transmission of useful microwave signals through them. These signals fall within the frequency band of 0.8GHz to 2.2GHz. In order to pass these signals through the coated glass, the use of aperture type frequency selective surface (FSS) has being proposed. In the present work, SnO2 thin film with FSS structure was fabricated. Microwave transmission through SnO2 coated glass with FSS structure was also analyzed using network analyzer. The result of computer simulation was confirmed and consistent with the network analyzer results that showed the improvement of SnO2 coated glass with the FSS structure

Frequency selective surfaces on flexible thin plastic substrates

The capability of the flexible substrate of the frequency selective surface (FSS) to filter out particular frequency is discussed in this paper. A new type of FSS are applied using flexible thin plastic substrate to enhance the performance of the conventional FSS that lacks of flexibility and cannot be used in bending surface. A simulation based investigation shows that the diameter or length of the square has a significant effect on the band-stop selective characteristic of the FSS. The frequency response of the band-stop are at 2.45GHz that drop at -10dB

Analysis and design of directive antenna using frequency selective surface superstrate

The design of directive antenna using Frequency Selective Surface (FSS) superstrate is proposed in this project. The suitable design FSS as superstrate layer is very important to enhance the high directivity and narrow bandwidth on the antenna. By using the FSS layer to design the superstrate layer, there are able to determine the reflection coefficient accordingly to the desired frequency

Microstrip Sensor Based on Ring Resonator Coupled with Double Square Split Ring Resonator for Solid Material Permittivity Characterization

AbstractThis paper analyzes a microwave resonator sensor based on a square split-ring resonator operating at 5.122 GHz for permittivity characterization of a material under test (MUT). A single-ring square resonator edge (S-SRR) is coupled with several double-split square ring resonators to form the structure (D-SRR). The function of the S-SRR is to generate a resonant at the center frequency, whereas D-SRRs function as sensors, with their resonant frequency being very sensitive to changes in the MUT’s permittivity. In a traditional S-SRR, a gap emerges between the ring and the feed line to improve the Q-factor, but the loss increases as a result of the mismatched coupling of the feed lines. To provide adequate matching, the microstrip feed line is directly connected to the single-ring resonator in this article. The S-SRR’s operation switches from passband to stopband by generating edge coupling with dual D-SRRs located vertically on both sides of the S-SRR. The proposed sensor was designed, fabricated, and tested to effectively identify the dielectric properties of three MUTs (Taconic-TLY5, Rogers 4003C, and FR4) by measuring the microwave sensor’s resonant frequency. When the MUT is applied to the structure, the measured findings indicate a change in resonance frequency. The primary constraint of the sensor is that it can only be modeled for materials with a permittivity ranging from 1.0 to 5.0. The proposed sensors’ acceptable performance was achieved through simulation and measurement in this paper. Although the simulated and measured resonance frequencies have shifted, mathematical models have been developed to minimize the difference and obtain greater accuracy with a sensitivity of 3.27. Hence, resonance sensors offer a mechanism for characterizing the dielectric characteristics of varied permittivity of solid materials.Abstract This paper analyzes a microwave resonator sensor based on a square split-ring resonator operating at 5.122 GHz for permittivity characterization of a material under test (MUT). A single-ring square resonator edge (S-SRR) is coupled with several double-split square ring resonators to form the structure (D-SRR). The function of the S-SRR is to generate a resonant at the center frequency, whereas D-SRRs function as sensors, with their resonant frequency being very sensitive to changes in the MUT’s permittivity. In a traditional S-SRR, a gap emerges between the ring and the feed line to improve the Q-factor, but the loss increases as a result of the mismatched coupling of the feed lines. To provide adequate matching, the microstrip feed line is directly connected to the single-ring resonator in this article. The S-SRR’s operation switches from passband to stopband by generating edge coupling with dual D-SRRs located vertically on both sides of the S-SRR. The proposed sensor was designed, fabricated, and tested to effectively identify the dielectric properties of three MUTs (Taconic-TLY5, Rogers 4003C, and FR4) by measuring the microwave sensor’s resonant frequency. When the MUT is applied to the structure, the measured findings indicate a change in resonance frequency. The primary constraint of the sensor is that it can only be modeled for materials with a permittivity ranging from 1.0 to 5.0. The proposed sensors’ acceptable performance was achieved through simulation and measurement in this paper. Although the simulated and measured resonance frequencies have shifted, mathematical models have been developed to minimize the difference and obtain greater accuracy with a sensitivity of 3.27. Hence, resonance sensors offer a mechanism for characterizing the dielectric characteristics of varied permittivity of solid materials

The Link between Genetic Factors in Children with Febrile Convulsions Appearance

The aim of this research paper is to reflect the link between genetic factors and presenting children with febrile convulsions.Keywords: febrile seizures, genetic factor, the pediatric clinic

Diagnostic and prognostic role of TFF3, Romo-1, NF-кB and SFRP4 as biomarkers for endometrial and ovarian cancers: a prospective observational translational study

Purpose: This study aimed to evaluate trefoil factor 3 (TFF3), secreted frizzled-related protein 4 (sFRP4), reactive oxygen species modulator 1 (Romo1) and nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) as diagnostic and prognostic markers of endometrial cancer (EC) and ovarian cancer (OC). Methods: Thirty-one patients with EC and 30 patients with OC undergone surgical treatment were enrolled together with 30 healthy controls in a prospective study. Commercial ELISA kits determined serum TFF-3, Romo-1, NF-кB and sFRP-4 concentrations. Results: Serum TFF-3, Romo-1 and NF-кB levels were significantly higher in patients with EC and OC than those without cancer. Regarding EC, none of the serum biomarkers differs significantly between endometrial and non-endometrioid endometrial carcinomas. Mean serum TFF-3 and NF-кB levels were significantly higher in advanced stages. Increased serum levels of TFF-3 and NF-кB were found in those with a higher grade of the disease. Regarding OC, none of the serum biomarkers differed significantly among histological subtypes. Significantly increased serum levels of NF-кB were observed in patients with advanced-stage OC than those with stage I and II diseases. No difference in serum biomarker levels was found between those who had a recurrence and those who had not. The sensibility and specificity of these four biomarkers in discriminating EC and OC from the control group showed encouraging values, although no one reached 70%. Conclusions: TFF-3, Romo-1, NF-кB and SFRP4 could represent new diagnostic and prognostic markers for OC and EC. Further studies are needed to validate our results

On Thin Flexible Wideband Printed Antenna for Sub-6 GHz Wearable Applications

Abstract Body Area Networks (BANs) have gained significant popularity in recent years, leading to a substantial rise in the demand for wearable antennas. Printed antenna on the flexible substrate can be an excellent choice for wearable since it can be used as a smart garment (i.e. shirt, T-shirt, or jacket). Unlike rigid antennas, the fabrication and measurement procedures for wearable antennas are particularly critical and sensitive. In BANs, the presence of the human body presents another significant challenge such as structural deformation (like bending). This paper has provided an overview of the fabrication process and measurement considerations for printed flexible wearable antenna. It also compared these antennas with conventional copper tape antenna across all aspects. Bending deformation of the printed antenna is performed as well to ensure the antenna's functionality under such circumstances.Abstract Body Area Networks (BANs) have gained significant popularity in recent years, leading to a substantial rise in the demand for wearable antennas. Printed antenna on the flexible substrate can be an excellent choice for wearable since it can be used as a smart garment (i.e. shirt, T-shirt, or jacket). Unlike rigid antennas, the fabrication and measurement procedures for wearable antennas are particularly critical and sensitive. In BANs, the presence of the human body presents another significant challenge such as structural deformation (like bending). This paper has provided an overview of the fabrication process and measurement considerations for printed flexible wearable antenna. It also compared these antennas with conventional copper tape antenna across all aspects. Bending deformation of the printed antenna is performed as well to ensure the antenna's functionality under such circumstances

Impact of yeast-fermented soybean waste on broiler growth and carcass quality

This study evaluated the effects of supplementing broiler diets with yeast-fermented soybean waste on growth performance and carcass characteristics. Ninety-nine three-week- old Ross-308 broiler chickens were assigned to three dietary groups: T1 (control diet), T2 (basal diet with fermented soybean waste without yeast), and T3 (basal diet with yeast- fermented soybean waste). From weeks 3 to 6, the fermented soybean waste either with yeast (T3) or without (T2) replaced 50% of the conventional soybean meal in the diet. At the end of the study, the chickens were slaughtered and analysed. Results indicated that final live body weight was similar (P > 0.05) between chickens on the yeast-fermented diet (T3) and those on the control diet (T1), while chickens on the non-yeast-fermented diet (T2) showed a significantly lower final body weight (P < 0.05) than the control group. By week 6, the feed conversion ratio (FCR) was significantly higher (P < 0.05) in both the T2 and T3 groups compared to the control. Notably, chickens on the T3 diet had significantly heavier breasts, drumsticks, and wings (P < 0.05) than those on the control diet. Overall, the inclusion of yeast-fermented soybean waste in broiler diets demonstrated potential as a partial substitute for soybean meal during the grower phase, offering a viable strategy to support sustainable and efficient protein sources in poultry production