Does surgeon experience influence the amount of radiation exposure during orthopedic procedures?: A systematic review

With an increasing use of intraoperative fluoroscopy in operating rooms worldwide, the topic of radiation exposure has become a major concern among hospital staff, doctors and patients alike. Since fluoroscopy has become an integral part in orthopedic intraoperative management, we sought to identify whether surgeon grade or experience plays a role in the amount of radiation used and consequently exposed. We performed a systematic review examining the association between surgeon experience and radiation exposure using primary outcome measures (radiation dose and total screening time/fluoroscopy time). To be included in the review, the study population had to compare varying surgeon experience levels and their effect on the primary outcomes. A total of eighteen studies were included in the review. The studies were a mix of prospective and retrospective studies with low to moderate quality as evaluated by the MINORs criteria. Studies were variable in defining surgeon experience levels and in the type of operations being performed. Majority of the studies showed that inexperienced surgeons/trainees had a higher total fluoroscopy time and a higher mean radiation exposure as compared to experienced surgeons. We conclude that higher surgeon experience significantly reduces usage of fluoroscopy and the consequent radiation exposure in orthopedic procedures. Introduction of strict radiation guidelines involving limited usage of fluoroscopy and supervision of trainees may be beneficial in controlling radiation exposure in the future

Diagenesis and reservoir quality of Upper Jurassic sandstones in the South Viking Graben : A mineralogical, petrographical and petrophysical approach

The deeply buried Upper Jurassic sandstone reservoirs of the South Viking Graben are differentiated by highly variant reservoir quality. A combined petrophysical and petrographical approach is incorporated to analyze these variations. Quartz cementation developed as syntaxial overgrowth on detrital quartz grains, is the dominant porosity destroying mechanism in these reservoirs. The phenomenon of quartz cementation has proven to be precipitation rate controlled and is insensitive to pressure variations in North Sea sandstone reservoirs. Microquartz grain coatings developed as minute quartz crystals are found to be the fundamental porosity preserving mechanism in these reservoirs despite of great burial depth (>4km) and high temperature (>120oC). The microquartz coatings developed at lower temperature (60-80oC) thus hinders the quartz cementation. Petrographic Upper Jurassic data evaluated during this study indicate that microquartz grain coats are common in deep marine sandstones of the Vilje sub-basin in South Viking Graben. Grain coating microquartz is generated from the dissolution of silica sponge spicules of the Rhaxella Perforata. These spicules observed in both eastern and western part of South Viking Graben indicate its occurrence in the Vilje Subbasin extensively. The porosity preserved in both Intra-Draupne Formation Sandstone and Brae Formation can be attributed to the presence of microquartz coatings that hindered the quartz overgrowth. Grain coating illite occurrence is observed only in the deep marine Kimmeridgian-Tithonian sandstones of western part of the South Viking Graben. The authigenic clays mineral content has been evaluated both in the optical microscope and scanning electron microscopy. The deep marine Intra-Draupne Formation sandstone contains illite in abundance with detrital kaolin occurrence in traces. The Brae Formation contains both illite and kaolin as porefilling clay mineral along with partially leached feldspar grains. The occurrence of kaolin attributed to the meteoric water flushing in the Brae Formation. The lower content of illite is responsible for the better permeability of the Brae Formation because its fibrous morphology has been reported to reduce the permeability. The intergranular volume is observed to be stabilizing at 25% and the stylolization phenomenon demonstrates that dissolution at stylolites acted as source for quartz cementation, which is the mechanism behind the destruction of porosity in the Upper Jurassic sandstone reservoirs in the South Viking Graben.

Unsteady axisymmetric flow and heat transfer over time-dependent radially stretching sheet

AbstractThis article address the boundary layer flow and heat transfer of unsteady and incompressible viscous fluid over an unsteady stretching permeable surface. First of all modeled nonlinear partial differential equations are transformed to a system of ordinary differential equations by using similarity transformations. Analytic solution of the reduced problem is constructed by using homotopy analysis method (HAM). To validate the constructed series solution a numerical counterpart is developed using shooting algorithm based on Runge-Kutta method. Both schemes are in an excellent agreement. The effects of the pertinent parameters on the velocity and energy profile are shown graphically and examined in detail

Abusive Supervision: A Cataylist for the Employee Deviance Work Behavior

Purpose: Employee behaviors play a key role in the development of any organization. Its positive behavior will boost up the performance of the organization while the negative will lower the performance of the organization. The behavior of the employee is affected by many factors but mainly they are affected by the other employees like their supervisor or colleagues who are working with them. Deviant workplace behavior is a challenge that almost all businesses face, particularly in underdeveloped and developing countries where literacy rates are poor and poverty is high. Theft, stealing, taking excessive breaks, working slowly, expressing favoritism, leg dragging, verbal harassment, and so on are all examples of deviance behavior. This study aims to examine the impact of abusive supervision on employee deviance behavior in Baluchistan’s public universities, with the mediating influence of work stress and organizational injustice. This study also aims to examine the moderating role of subordinate ingratiation behavior on the relationship between abusive supervision and employee deviance behavior. Methodology: Primary data was collected by a closed-ended questionnaire from the 397 permanent employees of the public sector universities of Balochistan. The data analysis technique was PLS-SEM done by the PLS Smart. Findings: From the findings of this study, it is concluded that abusive supervision will lead to work stress which results produce deviant behavior in the employees of the public sector universities of Balochistan.   Conclusion: It is recommended to the public sector universities of Balochistan control the abusive behaviors of the supervisor to reduce the work stress of the employees and make them productive

Workload, Work Stress, Role Conflict, and Workplace Deviant Behaviour in Banks: an Empirical Analysis

This study identifies and explains the relationship between workload, work stress, role conflict, and workplace deviant behaviour. This study uses the Affective Events Theory (AET) as a foundation to test a proposed model. All Data were gathered using self-administered questionnaires from a sample of 125 bank employees who work in banks around Faisalabad. Descriptive analysis, correlation analysis, and multiple regression analysis were used in this study. The findings demonstrate a low level of workplace deviant behaviour. The results showed a significant relationship between workload, work stress, role conflict and workplace deviant behavior. The role conflict was the major contributor to workplace deviant behaviour. This study has practical implications where the bank should take initiatives within banks provided

Association Analysis in Linseed (Linum Usitatissimum L.)

Fifteen advanced lines of linseed (Linum usitatissimum L.) were evaluated to identify the relationship of grain yield and its related attributes during 2010-11 at Barani Agricultural Research Institute, Chakwal, Pakistan. Grain yield (kg/ha) had significant and positive association with plant height, number of primary branches plant-1, number of capsule plant-1, number of grains capsule-1 and 1000 grain weight both at genotypic and phenotypic levels. Therefore focusing on these traits would improve breeding efficiency of linseed in the future breeding programs. Path analysis demonstrated that plant height, number of primary branches plant-1, number of capsule plant-1, number of grains capsule-1 and 1000 grain weight had the positive direct effect in determining the grain yield (kg/ha) in linseed. According to these results, breeding for high grain yielding cultivars of linseed, number of capsule plant-1 should be kept in mind firstly followed by 1000 grain weight, number of grains capsule-1, number of primary branches plant-1and plant height. Key Words: genotypic correlation, phenotypic correlation, path analysis, Linsee

Workload, Work Stress, Role Conflict, and Workplace Deviant Behaviour in Banks: an Empirical Analysis

This study identifies and explains the relationship between workload, work stress, role conflict, and workplace deviant behaviour. This study uses the Affective Events Theory (AET) as a foundation to test a proposed model. All Data were gathered using self-administered questionnaires from a sample of 125 bank employees who work in banks around Faisalabad. Descriptive analysis, correlation analysis, and multiple regression analysis were used in this study. The findings demonstrate a low level of workplace deviant behaviour. The results showed a significant relationship between workload, work stress, role conflict and workplace deviant behavior. The role conflict was the major contributor to workplace deviant behaviour. This study has practical implications where the bank should take initiatives within banks provided

Position and Prejudice: Exploring the Stereotypical Transformation of Female Identity at Workplace

Gender-based stereotypes have hampered gender equality in the workplace opportunities, and females face identity crises and labeling by their coworkers, which mitigates their chances to climb on the ladder of Leadership. This study strived to explore female coworkers' perceived identity and the transformation in that perception when those females become leaders and the role of stereotypical thinking in it. With the qualitative approach, this study used case study methods. This research collects the data through nineteen in-depth interviews from private companies, and a framework developed using thematic analysis. The results revealed that employees positively perceive their female coworkers, but they are perceived with stereotypes and negativity when they become their leaders. Organizations need to initiate grooming programs when they promote females for harmony and a productive environment.JEL Classification: M10, M54How to Cite:Baloch, M. N., Samo, A. H., Bhatti, A. A., Bhughio, M. B., & Zeb, S. (2021). Position and Prejudice: Exploring the Stereotypical Transformation of Female Identity at Workplace. Etikonomi, 20(1), 137 – 152. https://doi.org/10.15408/etk.v20i1.15275