Effect of Pretreatment on the Enhancement of Biodegradation of Olive Mill Effluent for Treatment in an Anaerobic Cross-Flow Filter Reactor

In this study, various chemical and advanced oxidation processes were tested for enhancement of anaerobic biodegradation of olive mill effluent (OME). The experiments were carried out in a 20 L lab-scale ACF reactor packed with cross-flow filter material made of water-resistant cardboard with a specific surface area of ~300 m2 m–3. The ACF reactor was operated at chosen OLR conditions and fed with different pre-treated OME samples for 240 days (717 days in total). All pretreatment options used in this study improved the anaerobic biological degradation in terms of COD, phenolics and color removal efficiencies. Best effluent quality (5700±250 mg COD per liter) was obtained by using the Fenton process as a pre-treatment. This effluent value is still higher than the official discharge limit for COD (4000 mg COD per liter) in Turkey. Therefore, additional final treatment (e.g. membrane filtration) may be required before discharging into the sewer line

Design of Low-Cost Ethanol Production Medium From Syngas: An Optimization of Trace Metals for Clostridium Ljungdahlii

[Abstract] Syngas fermentation via the Wood-Ljungdahl (WL) pathway is a promising approach for converting gaseous pollutants (CO and CO2) into high-value commodities. Because the WL involves several enzymes with trace metal components, it requires an adequate supply of micronutrients in the fermentation medium for targeted bioprocessing such as bioethanol production. Plackett-Burman statistical analysis was performed to examine the most efficient trace elements (Ni, Mg, Ca, Mn, Co, Cu, B, W, Zn, Fe, and Mo) and their concentrations for Clostridium ljungdahlii on ethanol production. Overall, 1.5 to 2.5 fold improvement in ethanol production could be achieved with designed trace element concentrations. The effects of tungsten and copper on ethanol and biomass production were determined to be the most significant, respectively. The model developed was statistically significant and has the potential to significantly decrease the cost of trace element solutions by 18–22%. This research demonstrates the critical importance of optimizing the medium for syngas fermentation in terms of product distribution and economic feasibility.Turquía. Scientific and Technological Research Council of Turkey; 118Y305Turquía. Ege University; FDK-2020-22039Xunta de Galicia; ED481D 2019/03

Evaluation of Performance of Sequential Membranes Used in Pilot Scale Biogas Plant: A Case Study for Laying Hen Manure

Poultry sector is a very important business activity in all over the Europe, especialy in Turkey and accordingly there is significant amount of waste disposal problem. One of the environmental assesment options for the use of this waste is environmentally friendly biofuel production such as biomethane. High nitrogen content is one of the important challenges to transform chicken manure to biofuel. For this reason, significant amount of dilution water is required in the systems using manure as mono substrate and thereby very large storage volumes (storage time 4-6 months) are needed for the enormous amount of effluent after anaerobic digestion process. These two subjects are threatening the economic viability of the biogas production. Furthermore, need for dilution water is an economic burden to the businesses in countries where the water scarcity is a serious concern. On the other hand, integrated use of membrane system offers possibility of using the digestion effluent as dilution water over and over where nitrogen is removed selectively by membrane assisted biogas reactor configuration. In this way, significant economy could be provided in the overall project budget by eliminating the final storage needs as well as water saving. For this purpose, the performance results of a pilot plant scale membrane system consisting of micro (MF), ultra (UF), nano (NF) and reverse osmosis (RO) membranes are presented in this study to be used in real scale applications. The feasibility of continuous reuse of digestate as fresh feed water was suggested. For this purpose, NF90 and X20 type membranes were found to be most effective ones for the recovery of ammonium (88% and 98%) from the digestate

Separation of 1,3-Propanediol by Nanofiltration Method

The application potential of nanofiltration (NF) method on the separation of 1,3-propanediol (1,3-PDO) from synthetically prepared fermentation broth was investigated. The rejection tests at different pressures (10, 20, 30 bar) and pH values (7 and 10) were performed on laboratory scale using Desal DL-5 NF membrane. The rejection of succinic acid, having the molecular weight larger than or closer to the molecular weight cut-offs (MWCOs) of Desal-5 DL NF membrane was 100% independent of operating pressure and pH. The results of this study clearly showed that NF process is a very promising pretreatment step for the removal of volatile organic acids from the fermentation broth

Radio Copywriting Style

Radio copywriting is the process of writing marketing or advertising text that aims to persuade or influence consumers to take action in accordance with the goals to be achieved or writing advertising scripts in the promotion of products or services which are the textual part of an advertisement. Radio as a means of promotion and advertising also has a big role in marketing, so this study aims to find out how radio style Radio copywriting is the activity of writing marketing or advertising text with the aim of persuading or persuading consumers to take action in accordance with the goals to be achieved or writing advertising scripts in the promotion of products or services which are the textual part of an advertisement. Radio is also a means of advertising promotion and as a medium of persuasion that has influence on marketing. So this study aims to find out how the copywriting style on radio is in presenting advertisements so that consumers are attracted to the products offered. This study uses a descriptive qualitative research method by presenting the research results in the form of words regarding Radio Copywriting Style. The data collection method is through literature study by taking references from sources such as books, journals, and all types of literature that support research. So that it can be concluded that in writing copywriting or scripts on radio, you must pay attention to the principles of writing in radio broadcast scripts

Asesmen Dan Intervensi Psikologi Untuk Mengurangi Stres Psikologis Pada Para Ibu Di Desaku Menanti

Desaku menanti adalah desa binaan Dinas Sosial kota Padang. Desaku Menanti berada di daerah Air Dingin Balai Gadang Lubuk Minturun Koto Tangah Padang. Kampung kesetiakawanan sosial merupakan bagian dari program Desaku Menanti dari Kementrian Sosial dan Pemerintah Daerah yang ditujukan untuk mengatasi masalah gelandangan dan pengemis. Program Desaku Menanti berwujud sebuah kampung yang layak untuk tempat tinggal para gelandangan dan pengemis. Selama tiga tahun mereka akan menetap di desaku menanti untuk mendapatkan keterampilan berwirausaha dan mengubah pola hidup yang lebih mandiri. Permasalahannya, terdapat warga desaku menanti yang kembali lagi kehabitat awalnya dan melakukan pelanggaran aturan-aturan di Desaku Menanti. Ibu warga binaan juga mengeluhkan reaksi-reaksi cemas karena tekanan ekonomi dan kekhawatiran terhadap kelangsungan hidup setelah program Dinas Sosial selesai. Oleh karena itu, perlu diberikan program asesmen dan intervensi psikologi yang khusus ditujukan untuk ibu-ibu agar bisa tetap sehat dan terhindar dari stres psikologis sehingga dapat meningkatkan hidup ke taraf yang lebih baik dan tidak kembali ke habitat awal setelah program Dinas Sosial selesai

Fermentation brines from Spanish style green table olives processing: treatment alternatives previous to recycling or recovery operations

This is the peer reviewed version of the following article: Ferrer-Polonio, E., Iborra-Clar, A., Mendoza-Roca, J. A. and Pastor-Alcañiz, L. (2016), Fermentation brines from Spanish style green table olives processing: treatment alternatives before recycling or recovery operations. J. Chem. Technol. Biotechnol., 91: 131–137, which has been published in final form at http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jctb.4550. This article may be used for non-commercial purposes in accordance with Wiley Terms and Conditions for Self-Archiving.BACKGROUND Fermentation brine from Spanish style green table olives processing (FTOP) is characterized by very high conductivity (around 88 mS cm(-1)), high values of suspended solids (near 1300 mg L-1), chemical oxygen demand (around 17 900 mg L-1) and total phenols (1000 mg L-1). In this work, fermentation brines have been exhaustively characterized and pH adjustment-sedimentation, coagulation-flocculation-sedimentation and adsorption with activated carbon have been evaluated. RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS The pretreatment selection will depend on the final FTOP management. If no polyphenols elimination is required in view of a further recovery, the best pretreatment is pH adjustment to 9 plus sedimentation. The removal efficiencies achieved were 33.1% suspended solids, 82.5% turbidity and only 10.4% of polyphenols. However, if the final FTOP treatment was biological, the best pretreatment is adsorption with powder active carbon, because this pretreatment implies the maximum reduction of phenols in FTOP, which inhibit microorganism activity in the biological process. The maximum total phenols removal efficiency was 96% with 8 g L-1 of BM8 powder activated carbon (21% soluble COD).The authors of this work thank CDTI (Centre for Industrial Technological Development) for financial support through the Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation. The authors thank Chiemevall and Derypol for support during this work.Ferrer-Polonio, E.; Iborra Clar, A.; Mendoza Roca, JA.; Pastor Alcañiz, L. (2016). Fermentation brines from Spanish style green table olives processing: treatment alternatives previous to recycling or recovery operations. Journal of Chemical Technology and Biotechnology. 91(1):131-137. doi:10.1002/jctb.4550S13113791

Posttreatment of olive mill wastewater by immobilized TiO2 photocatalysis

A photocatalytic reactor with UV/TiO2 was used for the post-treatment of olive mill wastewater after anaerobic digestion. A factorial experimental design was adopted to determine the statistical significance of each parameter tested, namely initial COD, pH, treatment time and recirculation flow, and possible interactions, in three response variables: phenols, colour, and COD removals. Removal efficiencies of 90.8 ± 2.7 %, 79.3 ± 1.9 %, and 50.3 ± 6.3 % were obtained for total phenols (TPh), colour, and COD, respectively. TPh and colour were almost completely removed after 24 h of treatment, while the COD removal was partial. Because increasing the treatment time is economically unfeasible a recirculation to the anaerobic reactor should be considered. Regarding the most significant variables, the TPh removal efficiency is dependent of the initial COD concentration; the colour removal efficiency decreased with increasing COD concentration and pH; and, the COD removal efficiency is directly linked with the treatment time. The interaction between the initial COD and treatment time affect negatively the response variables tested because of the inactivation of some active sites of the TiO2 paper.The Portuguese Science Foundation (FCT) and the European Social Fund (ESF, POPH-QREN) gave financial support through the Post-Doctoral grant attributed to Jose Carlos Costa (SFRH/BDP/48 962/2008) and through the project PTDC/ENR/69 755/2006. The authors thank Dr. M.N. Pons and Dr. O. Zahraa the offer of the reactor and Mr Ing. J. Dussaud from Alstrohm (Pont-Eveque, France) for the TiO2 paper

Ultrasounds pretreatment of olive pomace to improve xylanase and cellulase production by solid-state fermentation

Abstract Olive mills generate a large amount of waste that can be revaluated. This work aim to improve the production lignocellulolytic enzymes by solid-state fermentation using ultrasounds pretreated olive mill wastes. The composition of olive mill wastes (crude and exhausted olive pomace) was compared and several physicochemical characteristics were significantly different. The use of both wastes in SSF was evaluated and a screening of fungi for xylanase and cellulase production was carried out. After screening, the use of exhausted olive pomace and A. niger led to the highest enzyme activities, so that they were used in the study of ultrasounds pre-treatment. The results showed that the sonication led to a 3-fold increase of xylanase activity and a decrease of cellulase activity. Moreover, the liquid fraction obtained from ultrasounds treatment was used to adjust the moisture of solid and a positive effect of xylanase (3.6-fold increase) and cellulase (1.2-fold increase) production was obtained.This study was supported by the Portuguese Foundation for Science and Technology (FCT) under the scope of the strategic funding of UID/BIO/04469/2013 unit and COMPETE 2020 (POCI-01-0145-FEDER-006684). This study was supported by the Portuguese Foundation for Science and Technology (FCT) under the scope of the Project RECI/BBB-EBI/0179/2012 (FCOMP-01-0124-FEDER-027462). José Manuel Salgado was supported by the grant SFRH/BPD/84440/2012 from Fundação para a Ciência e Tecnologia – FCT, Portugal