O efeito de diretrizes de pontos focais internos e externos no equilíbrio estático de crianças do sexo masculino com autismo

Postural control plays an important role in daily activities and independence movement. In recent years, attention has been paid to the conscientious aspects of postural control such as attention and cognitive processes for optimal performance. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of internal and external focus on the static equilibrium of children with autism spectrum disorder. The method of this research is semi- experimental and the statistical society of this study was composed of 153 students of all the students of Autism school in the two schools of Ahvaz, which were studying in the region (2014- 2015). Among them, 23 knowledge the students were selected as a sample using an accessible and targeted method. The task involves maintaining a balance on the force plate in four normal stand states, standing with the focus of the inner focus, outer (near) outer (distant). Overall control, median-lateral and anterior-posterior stamina control indexes and velocity of displacement of the center of pressure were recorded for all subjects. The findings showed that the subjects had better balance in external circumference conditions compared with the near external attention conditions, internal focu s and baseline conditions. The results of analysis of variance in the anterior posterior displacement of the center of the pressure showed that there is a significant difference between the base conditions with the circumferential outer circumference conditions (p = 0.001) and the near external attention conditions (p = 0.02); also, there is a significant difference between the center- The velocity of displacement of the center of pressure during the four conditions was significant. According to the results of this study, it seems that the children with autism disorders have a better balance than the other conditions under the external attention guidelines. El control postural juega un papel importante en las actividades diarias y el movimiento de independencia. En los últimos años, se ha prestado atención a los aspectos concienzudos del control postural, como la atención y los procesos cognitivos para un rendimiento óptimo. El propósito de este estudio fue determinar el efecto del enfoque interno y externo en el equilibrio estático de niños con trastorno del espectro autista. El método de esta investigación es semi- experimental y la sociedad estadística de este estudio estaba compuesta por 153 estudiantes de todos los estudiantes de la escuela de autismo en las dos escuelas de Ahvaz, que estaban estudiando en la región (2014-2015). Entre ellos, 23 conocimiento, los estudiantes fueron seleccionados como muestra usando un método accesible y específico. La tarea implica mantener un equilibrio en la placa de fuerza en cuatro estados de soporte normales, de pie con el foco del foco interno, exterior (cerca) exterior (distante). El control general, los índices de control de la resistencia mediano-lateral y antero-posterior y la velocidad de desplazamiento del centro de presión se registraron para todos los sujetos. Los hallazgos mostraron que los sujetos tenían un mejor equilibrio en las condiciones de la circunferencia externa en comparación con las condiciones de atención casi externas, el foco interno y las condiciones iniciales. Los resultados del análisis de varianza en el desplazamiento anterior anterior del centro de la presión mostraron que existe una diferencia significativa entre las condiciones de base con las condiciones circunferenciales de la circunferencia externa (p = 0.001) y las condiciones de atención casi externa (p = 0.02); también, hay una diferencia significativa entre el centro- La velocidad de desplazamiento del centro de presión durante las cuatro condiciones fue significativa. De acuerdo con los resultados de este estudio, parece que los niños con trastornos del autismo tienen un mejor equilibrio que las otras condiciones bajo las pautas de atención externa.O controle postural desempenha um papel importante nas atividades diárias e no movimento de independência. Nos últimos anos, tem sido dada atenção aos aspectos conscienciosos do controle postural, como atenção e processos cognitivos, para um ótimo desempenho. O objetivo deste estudo foi determinar o efeito do foco interno e externo no equilíbrio estático de crianças com transtorno do espectro do autismo. O método desta pesquisa é semi-experimental e a sociedade estatística deste estudo foi composta por 153 estudantes de todos os alunos da escola de autismo nas duas escolas de Ahvaz, que estudavam na região (2014-2015). Entre eles, 23 conhecimentos os alunos foram selecionados como amostra por meio de um método acessível e direcionado. A tarefa envolve a manutenção de um equilíbrio na plataforma de força em quatro estados normais de suporte, permanecendo com o foco do foco interno, externo (próximo) externo (distante). Controle geral, índices de controle de mediana ântero-lateral e ântero- posterior e velocidade de deslocamento do centro de pressão foram registrados para todos os indivíduos. Os resultados mostraram que os sujeitos tiveram melhor equilíbrio nas condições de circunferência externa em comparação com as condições de atenção quase externas, foco interno e condições de base. Os resultados da análise de variância no deslocamento anterior anterior do centro da pressão mostraram que há uma diferença significativa entre as condições de base com as condições de circunferência externa circunferencial (p = 0,001) e as condições de atenção quase externa (p = 0,02) ; Além disso, há uma diferença significativa entre o centro - A velocidade de deslocamento do centro de pressão durante as quatro condições foi significativa. De acordo com os resultados deste estudo, parece que as crianças com distúrbios do autismo têm um equilíbrio melhor do que as outras condições sob as diretrizes de atenção externa

A prospective study of the effect of delivery type on neonatal weight gain pattern in exclusively breastfed neonates born in Shiraz, Iran

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>In this exploratory study, the contribution of delivery type to the weight gain pattern for full-term infants with exclusive breastfeeding in the first month of infancy was determined. In addition, breastfeeding success among cesarean section (C-section) delivery mothers based on their neonate's weight gain at the end of the first month of infancy was evaluated.</p> <p>Methods</p> <p>A cohort of 92 neonates born in Shiraz, from July 10 to August 10, 2007 was followed longitudinally. The data were collected during the first month postpartum at three occasions: 3 to 7 days postpartum, 10-21 days postpartum and 24-31 days postpartum.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>Among 92 mothers in this study, 35 (38%) were delivered by C-section. Generalized estimating equation (GEE) showed that delivery type (p < 0.01), receipt of advice about breastfeeding (p = 0.03) and neonate's age (p < 0.01) significantly affected weight gain. GEE estimated the values of the parameters under study and the testing contribution of each factor to weight gain, leading to the conclusion that gender, parities and maternal education did not contribute to weight gain. The neonate's weight gain pattern for C-section deliveries lies below that of normal vaginal deliveries until 25 days postpartum, when weight gain for C-section deliveries became higher than that for normal vaginal deliveries.</p> <p>Conclusions</p> <p>Type of delivery contributes strongly to the weight gain pattern in the first month of infancy. In spite of greater weight loss among C-section birth neonates in the first days of life, at the end of the first month neonates showed a similar weight gain. Consequently, mothers with C-section delivery can successfully exclusively breastfeed.</p

Chemical composition and antimicrobial activities of the essential oil from Myrtus communis leaves

Abstract: Nosocomial pathogens are associated with increased hospital stay lengths and mortality rates. Increasing resistance to antibiotics makes the treatment of these infections more difficult. Novel antimicrobial compounds derived from natural sources may be useful for addressing antiobiotic resistance. The objective of this study is to determine the chemical composition and antimicrobial activities of essential oils from Myrtus communis L. (Myrtaceae) leaves against pathogens causing nosocomial infections. The chemical composition of essential oil from M. communis leaves was analysed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). The antimicrobial activity of the essential oil against bacteria and fungi was evaluated by broth micro-dilution as per the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI) methods. GC-MS analysis revealed that the major constituents of the essential oil were α-pinene (39.2 %), 1,8-cineole (22.0 %), and linalool (18.4 %). The essential oil exhibited antimicrobial activity against all Gram positive and Gram negative bacteria with MICs in the range of 0.5-32 μL/mL and 8-64 μL/mL, respectively. MICs for the tested clinical and standard fungi were in the range of 0.03-16 μL/mL. The essential oil exhibited strong antibacterial and antifungal activities against all the causative agents of nosocomial infections examined, particularly against strains with antibiotic resistance. The essential oil from M. communis leaves is a potential source of novel antimicrobial agents for the treatment of nosocomial infections

Effect of the mechanical activation on size reduction of crystalline acetaminophen drug particles

The decrease in particle size may offer new properties to drugs. In this study, we investigated the size reduction influence of the acetaminophen (C8H9O2N) particles by mechanical activation using a dry ball mill. The activated samples with the average size of 1 μm were then investigated in different time periods with the infrared (IR), inductively coupled plasma (ICP), atomic force microscopy (AFM), and X-ray diffraction (XRD) methods. The results of the IR and XRD images showed no change in the drug structure after the mechanical activation of all samples. With the peak height at full width at half maximum from XRD and the Scherrer equation, the size of the activated crystallite samples illustrated that the AFM images were in sound agreement with the Scherrer equation. According to the peaks of the AFM images, the average size of the particles in 30 hours of activation was 24 nm with a normal particle distribution. The ICP analysis demonstrated the presence of tungsten carbide particle impurities after activation from the powder sample impacting with the ball and jar. The greatest reduction in size was after milling for 30 hours

A comprehensive review on novel targeted therapy methods and nanotechnology-based gene delivery systems in melanoma.

Melanoma, a malignant form of skin cancer, has been swiftly increasing in recent years. Although there have been significant advancements in clinical treatment underlying a well-understanding of melanoma-susceptible genes and the molecular basis of melanoma pathogenesis, the permanency of response to therapy is frequently constrained by the emergence of acquired resistance and systemic toxicity. Conventional therapies, including surgical resection, chemotherapy, radiotherapy, and immunotherapy, have already been used to treat melanoma and are dependent on the cancer stage. Nevertheless, ineffective side effects and the heterogeneity of tumors pose major obstacles to the therapeutic treatment of malignant melanoma through such strategies. In light of this, advanced therapies including nucleic acid therapies (ncRNA, aptamers), suicide gene therapies, and gene therapy using tumor suppressor genes, have lately gained immense attention in the field of cancer treatment. Furthermore, nanomedicine and targeted therapy based on gene editing tools have been applied to the treatment of melanoma as potential cancer treatment approaches nowadays. Indeed, nanovectors enable delivery of the therapeutic agents into the tumor sites by passive or active targeting, improving therapeutic efficiency and minimizing adverse effects. Accordingly, in this review, we summarized the recent findings related to novel targeted therapy methods as well as nanotechnology-based gene systems in melanoma. We also discussed current issues along with potential directions for future research, paving the way for the next-generation of melanoma treatments.Sección Deptal. de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular (Biológicas)Fac. de Ciencias BiológicasTRUEEuropean UnionNextGeneration (EU/PRTR)Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación (MICINN)/Agencia Estatal de Investigación (AEI)Ministerio de UniversidadesUniversidad Complutense de Madrid (UCM)pu

Effects of Satureja khuzestanica on Serum Glucose, Lipids and Markers of Oxidative Stress in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: A Double-Blind Randomized Controlled Trial

Satureja khuzestanica is an endemic plant of Iran that is widely distributed in the Southern part of the country. It has antioxidant properties and thus it seems to be useful in diseases related to oxidative stress such as diabetes and hyperlipidemia. The present study investigates the effect of S. khuzestanica supplement in metabolic parameters of hyperlipidemic patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Twenty-one hyperlipidemic patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus were randomized in a double blind, placebo controlled clinical trial to receive either S. khuzestanica (tablets contain 250 mg dried leaves) or placebo once a day for 60 days. Blood samples were obtained at baseline and at the end of the study. Samples were analyzed for levels of glucose, total cholesterol, LDL-cholesterol, HDL-cholesterol, triglyceride, creatinine, thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) as marker of lipid peroxidation and ferric reducing ability (total antioxidant power, TAP). Treatment of patients by S. khuzestanica for 60 days induced significant decrease in total cholesterol (P = 0.008) and LDL-cholesterol (P = 0.03) while increased HDL-cholesterol (P = 0.02) and TAP (P = 0.007) in comparison with the baseline values. S. khuzestanica did not alter blood glucose, triglyceride, creatinin and TBARS levels. In comparison with baseline values, no significant change was observed in blood glucose, total cholesterol, LDL-cholesterol, HDL-cholesterol, triglyceride, creatinine, TBARS and TAP in placebo-treated group. Usage of S. khuzestanica as a supplement to drug regimen of diabetic type 2 patients with hyperlipidemia is recommended

Dermatologists Communication Skills and Performance From Point of View of Patients

Introduction: Effective communication is an important issue in patient-doctor interaction which is even more important regarding chronic disorders which need a strong relationship between patient and clinician for better compliance and optimal control disease. Objectives: This study was aimed to develop the best cultural adapted Persian version of the 28-item Calgary- Cambridge Observation Guide (CCOG) questionnaire. Methods: In this descriptive‑analytic study, data collected from 400 patients attending the outpatient dermatology clinics of 3 major hospitals in Tehran using the modified Persian version of CCOG questionnaire, both before and after being visited by dermatologists. Results: The difference of CCG scores for all of questions, except for questions number 1,16 and 22, was statistically significant. The highest score, both before and after visiting, attained by question regarding being respectful. The lowest scores for necessary behavior and the adequate amount of execution were related to questions number 3 (Introducing self) and 4 (Introducing role), respectively. Age and educational level of patients were significantly correlated with their expectations regarding communication skills of clinician. Conclusions: This study showed the acceptable validity of modified Persian version of CCOG-24 item questionnaire. Our findings also demonstrated that there was a significant difference between what patients expected from a dermatologist and the manner they actually were treated regarding physician communication skills

Ancient goat genomes reveal mosaic domestication in the Fertile Crescent.

Current genetic data are equivocal as to whether goat domestication occurred multiple times or was a singular process. We generated genomic data from 83 ancient goats (51 with genome-wide coverage) from Paleolithic to Medieval contexts throughout the Near East. Our findings demonstrate that multiple divergent ancient wild goat sources were domesticated in a dispersed process that resulted in genetically and geographically distinct Neolithic goat populations, echoing contemporaneous human divergence across the region. These early goat populations contributed differently to modern goats in Asia, Africa, and Europe. We also detect early selection for pigmentation, stature, reproduction, milking, and response to dietary change, providing 8000-year-old evidence for human agency in molding genome variation within a partner species