Resilience in Fisheries and Sustainability of Aquaculture

India is a major maritime state and an important aquaculture country in the world. Being home for more than 10% of global fish biodiversity, the country ranks third in the world in total fish production; While marine sector is almost constituted by capture fisheries, aquaculture has been the principal contributor in inland fisheries sector, with a share of77%. With an annual fish production of over 6.8 million tonnes, the sector accounts for a turnover of over Rs. 300 billion, contributing over a percent of total GDP and five per cent of the agricultural GDP. The sector has been one of the major foreign exchange earners, with revenue reaching Rs. 7,555 crore in 2007-08 accounting for about 14% of the agricultural export. Producing 4.7% of the world's fish, India trades to the extent of2.5% in the global fish market. There are however, concerns regarding the stagnating marine fisheries yields, quality deterioration and unregulated access in open waters and continued returns from aquaculture practices. It is in this context that the aspects of resilience and sustainability are being discussed with regard to fisheries and aquaculture respectively

(R1975) MAP/PH(1), PH(2)/2 Queue with Multiple Vacation, Optional Service, Consultations and Interruptions

Two types of services are explored in this paper: regular server and main server, both of which provide both regular and optional services. Customers arrive using the Markovian Arrival Process (MAP), and service time is allocated based on phase type. The regular server uses the main server as a resource. Customers’ service at the primary server is disrupted as a result. When the queue size is empty, the main server can take several vacations. This system has been represented as a QBD Process that investigates steady state with the use of matrix analytic techniques, employing finite-dimensional block matrices. Our model’s waiting time distribution has been examined in more detail during the busy times. The system’s key parameters are assessed, and a few graphs and numerical representations are constructed

ANTICANCER ACTIVITY OF POLYMERIC NANOPARTICLES CONTAINING ETOPOSIDE USING ALBINO RATS AS EXPERIMENTAL ANIMAL MODEL

Objective: Etoposide is a potent anticancer drug and a major limiting factor that hinders therapeutic use as its high levels of systemic circulation often associated with various off-target effects, particularly cardiotoxicity. The present study focuses on the evaluation of the anticancer activity of optimized etoposide nanoparticles compared with marketed etoposide formulation in experimental animal models.Methods: Albino rats (180–200 g) were used for the study. The anticancer effect of the formulated etoposide nanoparticles was evaluated by induction of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). The animals housed in cages and kept on a 12 h light/dark cycle. Following the acclimatization for 1 week, HCC will be induced in rats by adding 100 mg/L of diethylnitrosamine (DENA) in drinking water for 8 weeks. Drug treatment (etoposide [9 mg/kg] in 0.5 % carboxymethyl cellulose; p.o.) can be started at the end of 1 week after cancer induction and dose of 9 mg/kg of etoposide and lyophilized nanoparticles will be administered through oral route on 1, 7, 14, 21, and 28 days. Nanoformulations were evaluated in healthy rats, and anticancer activity was studied in DENA treated rats.Results: The results showed that the polymeric nanoparticles containing etoposide was screened for its anticancer activity by counting the liver nodules of rats with hematoxylin and eosin stain when comparing control and etoposide-treated group.Conclusion: The results of the study concluded that in rats treated with nanoformulations, the numbers of liver nodules were found to be significantly reduced

Transient behavior of M[x]/G/1 Retrial Queueing Model with Non Persistent Customers, Random break down, Delaying Repair and Bernoulli Vacation

In this paper we consider a single server batch arrival non-Markovian retrial queueing model with non persistent customers. In accordance with Poisson process, customers arrive in batches with arrival rate  and are served one by one with first come first served basis. The server is being considered as unreliable that it may encounter break down at any time. In order to resume its service the server has to be sent for repair, but the repair does not start immediately so that there is a waiting time before the repair process. The customer, who finds the server busy upon arrival, can either join the orbit with probability p or he/she can leave the system with probability 1-p. More details can be found in the full paper. Key words: Batch size, break down, delay time, transient solution, steady solution,  reliability indices

Environmental Issues in Indian Freshwater Aquaculture

Aquaculture is assuming increasing importance in recent years on a global basis including the Indian subcontinent. With possibilities of obtaining high productivity levels among different farming system, there has been a flux between the farming practices and aquaculture is receiving greater investments both in public and private secto

Fisheries research and development in India

The fisheries sector of India is immensely contributing to the economy of the country. It provides valuable fore ign exchange and employment to millions of people. At the same time it is an instrument of livelihood for a large section of economically backward population of the country

नीली क्रांति में मानव संसाधन विकास की भूमिका

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Effects of probiotics and antibiotics on biofilms

Experiments were conducted to study the effects of probiotics and antibiotics on 3-months old biofilms formed on three different substrates, namely glass, granite and fiberglass reinforced plastic. The variations in heterotrophic bacterial populations associated with biofilms were monitored for a period of one month after one-time application of the probiotic Biogreen (Gee Key Marine Pvt. Ltd, Chennai) at 0.2 mg lˉ¹ and the antibiotic tetracycline at 1.0 mg lˉ¹. The variations in heterotrophic bacterial populations associated with biofilms were compared with that of control to analyse the effects of probiotics and antibiotics on biofilms. The observations showed that the biofilm formation and succession in aquatic environment is substrate dependent and that the resistance to antibiotics also depends on the substrate. The probiotics did not show significant effect on biofilms

Possible impact of WTO on Indian fisheries

The founding of the World Trade Organization (WTO) in January 1995 marked the culmination of a series of complex, arduous and long drawn out negotiations under the Eighth Round of General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT). It also marked the beginning of a distortion free multilateral trade among the economies of the World. The core principle of the WTO is institutionalization of global framework for deregulated competitions. India, being a founder member of the GATT, is a signatory to the commitments made during the negotiations. The provisions under the various agreements are expected to have an impact on the different sectors and this paper highlights the possible impacts of the WTO on the Fisheries Sector

Mesoporous aluminoborates

Hexagonal, cubic and lamellar aluminoborate mesophases containing octahedral aluminium and tetrahedral boron are prepared and characterized for the first time