The Role Of Distinctiveness Of Stimulus İn Memory Distrust As A Function Of Repeated Checking

Objective: Recent literature proposes that repeated checking increases familiarity with the material, making recollections less vivid and detailed and promoting distrust in memory. The aim of the current study is to investigate the possible underlying mechanisms of low confidence in memory. Method: The Padua Inventory-Washington State University Revision (PI-WSUR) was applied in a cohort of university students. Among the students who completed the PI-WSUR, 84 participants were selected and assigned to low Obsessive-Compulsive Symptomatology (OCS) group or high OCS group according to their PI-WSUR scores. An interactive computer animation was developed to test repeated checking behavior. Participants were randomly assigned to two experimental conditions: " Feedback condition" and " no feedback condition". The participants were all asked to carry out checking rituals on a virtual gas ring. However, half of the participants were given feedback indicating that checking activity was successful and complete and half of the participants were not. Results: While there was no significant difference in terms of memory accuracy, memory detail and memory vividness between feedback condition and no feedback condition, there was a significant difference in terms of memory confidence between two experimental groups. Discussion: Results are discussed in the light of a different explanation offering that the level of distinctiveness of recollections plays crucial role in memory distrust rather than the explanation of low confidence hypothesis.WoSScopu

Factors Associated with Posttraumatic Growth among the Spouses of Myocardial Infarction Patients

To clarify the rationale behind Posttraumatic Growth (PTG), a model by Schaefer and Moos describes the relative contribution of environmental resources, individual resources, event related factors, cognitive processing and coping (CPC) on PTG. In the present study, this model was tested with the spouses of myocardial infarction patients with data from various hospitals in Turkey. A structural equation model revealed that neither individual nor environmental resources had indirect effects on PTG through the effect of event-related factors and CPC, while they showed direct effects on PTG. The findings were discussed in the context of the theoretical model

The relationship between drinking motives and anxiety sensitivity in university students

Motivational model of alcohol use suggests that the decision to drink is a goal-directed process in which individuals choose to drink based on their expectation that drinking will have desired outcomes. According to the model, drinking motives can be described with four categories referred as Social, Coping, Enhancement and Conformity Motives. Anxiety sensitivity (AS) is one of the personality traits that has been found to be significantly related with drinking motives. AS consists of beliefs that the experience of anxiety symptoms leads to illness or additional anxiety. The aim of the present study was to examine the relationship between drinking motives and AS in university students using alcohol. Participants were 411 university students (225 females and 186 males). Of the total sample, 313, of which 177 were female and 136 were male, reported using alcohol. All participants were administered Anxiety Sensitivity Index-Revised, Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test, Drinking Motives Questionnaire-Revised and Demographic Information Form. Students with high AS reported more alcohol use for Coping, Social and Conformity Motives than those with moderate and low AS. Hierarchical regression analyses revealed that Social Motive was significantly predicted by "fear of publicly observable anxiety symptoms", Conformity Motive was significantly predicted by "fear of publicly observable anxiety symptoms" and "fear of cognitive dyscontrol". Results were discussed within the findings in the literature

Factors Associated with Posttraumatic Growth Among Myocardial Infarction Patients: Perceived Social Support, Perception of the Event and Coping

Posttraumatic Growth (PTG) is accepted as positive transformations that are a product of struggling with significant stressors such as chronic illness. A model, conceptualized by Schaefer and Moos (Posttraumatic growth: Positive changes in the aftermath of crisis, pp 99-126, 1998), suggests a relative contribution of environmental and individual resources, perception of the event (PE) and coping in the development of PTG. The aim of the present study was to examine the effect of perceived social support (PSS), PE and coping on PTG. This model was tested in a sample of patients with myocardial infarction (MIP, N = 148) from various hospitals in Turkey. The structural equation analysis of the model revealed that PSS was significantly related to PTG through the effect of coping. While coping was significantly and directly related to PTG, PE was not. The findings are discussed in the context of the theoretical model with suggestions for future research

Individual Differences as Predictors of Illicit Drug Use Among Turkish College Students

Although the prevalence of drug use in the young adult population in Turkey is still far below the figures reported for most European Union countries and the United States, there seems to be a noteworthy increase in drug use, especially among high school and college students. The purpose of the present study was to examine the extent of drug use among college students in Turkey and to identify some of the individual-difference variables associated with drug use. Participants were 781 college students. A survey package including (a) measures of sensation seeking-risk taking, self-esteem, affectivity level, global mental health, overall life satisfaction, and the rate and nature of substance use and (b) demographic questions was administered to the participants during regularly held class meetings. A logistic regression analysis revealed that sensation seeking-risk taking, parental education level, smoking, and frequency of alcohol use predicted illicit drug experience. Implications of the findings and limitations of the study are discussed using the context of the study as a framework

Executive Functioning in Subtypes of Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder

Introduction: This study aims to evaluate executive functions (EF), such as inhibition, planning, working memory, and set shifting, in children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) by comparing three ADHD subtype groups (ADHD-Inattentive, ADHD-Combined, and ADHD-Comorbid) and a normal control group