Perbandingan sensitivitas dan spesifisitas rapid test anti-hbs dan elisa: The comparison of sensitivity and specificity rapid tests anti-hbs and elisa

Hepatitis B merupakan penyakit inflamasi dan nekrosis sel hati yang disebabkan oleh infeksi virus hepatitis B (VHB). Kehadiran anti-HBs merupakan faktor penting dalam diagnosis dan prognosis infeksi VHB. Rapid test adalah salah satu metode pemeriksaan selain ELISA untuk mendeteksi adanya anti-HBs, lebih praktis dalam penggunaan dan ekonomis. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mengetahui nilai sensitivitas dan spesifisitas rapid test anti-HBs Intec® terhadap metode ELISA sebagai gold standar. Penelitian ini merupakan studi observasional menggunakan metode uji diagnostik. Populasi penelitian ini adalah mahasiswa D4 Analis Kesehatan FIKKES Universitas Muhammadiyah Semarang semester tujuh post vaksinasi hepatitis B sejumlah 32 orang untuk didapatkan serum darah. Analisis statistik dilakukan uji Mc Nemar. Hasil pemeriksaan dengan rapid test yaitu positif 26 sampel (81,2%), dan  negatif 6 sampel (18,8%). Hasil pemeriksaan dengan ELISA yaitu reaktif 27 sampel (84,4%), dan nonreaktif 5 sampel (15,6%). Kesimpulan akhir yaitu Rapid test anti-HBs Intec® memiliki nilai sensitivitas dan spesifisitas yang sangat baik dengan persentase sensitivitas 96,3% dan persentase spesifisitas 100%. Tidak terdapat perbedaan yang bermakna pada sensitivitas dan spesifisitas metode rapid test dan ELISA (p= 1,000) sehingga Rapid test anti-HBs Intec®  dapat digunakan sebagai skrining untuk pemeriksaan anti-HBs.Hepatitis B merupakan penyakit inflamasi dan nekrosis sel hati yang disebabkan oleh infeksi virus hepatitis B (VHB). Kehadiran anti-HBs merupakan faktor penting dalam diagnosis dan prognosis infeksi VHB. Rapid test adalah salah satu metode pemeriksaan selain ELISA untuk mendeteksi adanya anti-HBs, lebih praktis dalam penggunaan dan ekonomis. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mengetahui perbandingan tingkat sensitivitas dan spesifisitas antara rapid test anti-HBs Intec® dan ELISA. Penelitian ini merupakan studi observasional menggunakan metode uji diagnostik. Populasi penelitian ini adalah mahasiswa D4 Analis Kesehatan FIKKES Universitas Muhammadiyah Semarang semester tujuh post vaksinasi hepatitis B sejumlah 32 orang untuk didapatkan serum darah. Analisis statistik dilakukan uji Mc Nemar. Hasil pemeriksaan dengan rapid test yaitu positif 26 sampel (81,2%), dan negatif 6 sampel (18,8%). Hasil pemeriksaan dengan ELISA yaitu reaktif 27 sampel (84,4%), dan nonreaktif 5 sampel (15,6%). Kesimpulan akhir yaitu Rapid test anti-HBs Intec® memiliki nilai sensitivitas dan spesifisitas yang sangat baik dengan persentase sensitivitas 96,3% dan persentase spesifisitas 100%. Tidak terdapat perbedaan yang bermakna pada sensitivitas dan spesifisitas metode rapid test dan ELISA (p= 1,000) sehingga Rapid test anti-HBs Intec® dapat digunakan sebagai skrining untuk pemeriksaan anti-HBs.   Hepatitis B is inflammation and necrosis diseases of liver cells caused by hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection. The presence of anti-HBs is an important factor in diagnosis and prognosis of HBV infection. Rapid test is the one of laboratory methods besides ELISA to detect the presence of anti-HBs, more practically use and economically. The aim of this study is to compare the sensitivity and specificity value of Intec® rapid test anti-HBs and ELISA. This study was an observational study with diagnostic test design. The population in this research were 32 students of medical laboratory Muhammadiyah University of Semarang seventh semester post vaccination hepatitis B. The sample used was blood serum. Statistical analysis used was Mc Nemar test. The result of rapid tests showed positive in 26 samples (81,2%), and negative in 6 samples (18,8%). The result of ELISA tests showed reactive in 27 samples (84,4%), dan nonreactive in 5 samples (15,6%). In conclusion, Intec® rapid test anti-HBs has excellent sensitivity and specificity value with percentage of sensitivity 96.3% and percentage of sensitivity 100%. There are no significant differences of sensitivity and specificity between rapid tests and ELISA method (p = 1.000) thus Intec® rapid test anti-HBs can be used as a screening for anti-HBs detection

GAMBARAN HISTOLOGI FASE REMODELLING JARINGAN LUKA KRONIK KULIT MENCIT SETELAH PEMBERIAN PERLAKUAN PLASMA JET

The medical aspect of plasma conceptually is concerned with the ability of plasma to produce biological molecules, such as RONS, which can be physically controlled through dose and behavior. RONS in micro concentrations was reported to have wound healing properties. The effect of a plasma jet on chronic skin wounds of mice on day 14 which theoretically included the remodeling phase has not been widely studied. The aim of the study was to calculate the number of inflammatory cells, fibroblasts, blood vessels, the percentage of re-epithelization, and the percentage of necrosis. Experimental research method with an analytic descriptive design. The results of microscopic observations showed that based on the number of inflammatory cells (round cells) data, the control group was significantly higher than the non-contact plasma (P0.05). Based on the data on  the percentage of necrosis, the results were were different in all treatment groups but not significant (P>0.05)

Pemeriksaan Glukosa, Kolesterol dan Asam Urat pada Masyarakat Peserta Car Free Day di Balai Pelatihan Kesehatan (Bapelkes) Kota Semarang

Symptoms of a disease can be prevented if routine health checks are done. Health checks can be carried out in public and private laboratories, or free checks conducted by health education institutions through community service activities. The implementation of community service is carried out by lecturers involving students of the Medical Laboratory Science at the Muhammadiyah University of Semarang. This community service activity was carried out on December 15, 2019 in front of the Semarang Health Training Center Office on December 15, 2019. The inspection method uses Point of Care testing (POCT). The results of the examination that the number of respondents with cholesterol levels above normal for women more than men, while glucose and uric acid levels above normal in men more than women. The average cholesterol, glucose, and uric acid levels for men were 224.2; 123.1; 4.8 mg/dL respectively, while for women is 194.5; 121.2; 6,0 mg/dL. The higher age (12 - 65 years), the average cholesterol level increases from 189 to 217.8 mg/dL (15.25%) and the average glucose level increase from 84.4 to 131.5 mg / dL (55.80%), while the average uric acid level decreases from 5.4 to 5.2 mg / dL (3.85%). The conclusions of the health inspection activity about the result of cholesterol, glucose, and uric acid levels can be used to check public healt

Hasil cek similarity" Efektivitas Perlakuan Kombinatif Plasma Medis dan Ekstrak Daun Sirih untuk Mempercepat Penyembuhan Luka Fase Proliferasi pada Model Mencit Diabetik"

The continued increase in the number of people with Diabetes Mellitus (DM) in Indonesia is a serious problem. One of the big problems for people with Diabetes Mellitus (DM) is the emergence of complications of diabetic wounds. To date the strategy for treatment of diabetic wounds has been limited to the use of wound dressing, cell therapy and oxygen therapy. The problem is that the strategy is not fully successful. Thus, it is very important to look for new strategies to improve the quality of diabetic wound healing, such as by applying a combination of plasma medicine and local natural product, like the extraction of Daun sirih (Piper betle) leaves. Plasma medicine is a relatively new and multidisciplinary study involving plasma science, biomedical, pharmaceutical and other health sciences aimed at applying plasma to therapeutic health. Plasma is the fourth phase of matter, after the solid, liquid and gas phase. The medical aspects of plasma are related to the ability of plasma to produce biological molecules Reactive Oxygen and Nitrogen Species (RONS). If RONS is controlled in the right dosage it can be efficacious for health therapy. This study intends to examine the effects of combinative treatment of plasma medicine and Piper betel leaf extract for proliferation phase of wound healing in diabetic small animal model. This study used male Balb c mice with acute wounds which were divided into 5 groups, namely groups of untreated normal mice (ND-TP), groups of untreated diabetic mice (D-TP), groups of diabetic mice wounds with Piper betel leaf extract (DS ), the wound group of diabetic mice with plasma medicine (DP) and the wound group of diabetic mice with plasma medicine and Piper betel leaf (DPS). The plasma medicine was treated on wound with condition non-contact style (the plasma jet did not touch the wound) with a distance of plasma jet reactor nozzle to the surface of wound about 20 mm, for 2 minutes, every day. Macroscopic observation of wounds is carried out every day from day 0 to 7. On day 7 it was seen that the size of the wound area for D-P-S was smaller than the other groups. The results of this study indicated that Piper betel leaf extract can potentially be used to optimize the performance of plasma medicine in accelerating diabetic wound healing during the proliferation phase. Further investigation, however, is important to be conducted to study the effect for all phases of wound healing and its mechanism histo-pathologically

Penyuluhan dan Pemeriksaan Kesehatan sebagai Strategi Menghadapi Masa Transisi Menuju Endemi Covid-19: Education and Health examination as a Strategy for Facing the Transition Period Towards the Covid-19 Endemic

The COVID-19 pandemic is caused by the coronavirus (Sars-CoV-2). Government programs and policies are gradually establishing controlled environments. In the current situation, the government is preparing several strategies to transition the COVID-19 pandemic to endemic status. Endemic conditions certainly do not mean harmless. It is necessary to educate the community so that the current status of COVID-19 does not carry away the community. To provide health education and routine blood tests (glucose, cholesterol, uric acid) for residents in the Amposari RT 05 RW 03 Kelurahan Kedungmundu, Tembalang District, Semarang, as one of the strategies for preventing and controlling COVID-19 during the transition to endemic. Community service was conducted in Amposari RT 05 RW 03, Kedungmundu Village, Tembalang District, Semarang, in three stages: preparation, implementation, and evaluation. Results: The knowledge of 35 respondents improved, with a mean pre-test score of 41.0, increasing to 78.3 after the post-test. The health examination showed that most residents had normal blood glucose and uric acid levels, but the results for cholesterol were dominated by above normal. Conclusion: Following education, there was a significant increase in knowledge, and most residents had higher cholesterol levels than normal. There was a significant increase in knowledge after education was carried out, and most residents had cholesterol levels above normal

Efektifitas Minyak Kenanga (Cananga Odorata) sebagai Agen Deparafinisasi pada Pewarnaan Hematoxylin-Eosin

Histological staining usually requires deparaffinization before starting the staining process. Deparaffinization is a paraffin removal step that often uses a xylol solution. Deparaffinization with xylol has disadvantages, including being toxic, harmful to the human body, and hazardous to the environment. A safer alternative to xylol is required. Ylang-ylang oil, which contains β-caryophyllene, is non-polar and can be used as a substitute for xylol. This study aimed to compare the staining quality of guinea pig liver tissue slides with and without heating as a deparaffinization agent in hematoxylin-eosin (HE) staining. The research set up a quasi-experimental approach using samples of guinea pig liver tissue slides. The sample size was calculated using the Federer formula (n-1) (t-1) ≥ 15, resulting in a total sample of 27 slides divided into three treatment groups: xylol, ylang-ylang oil with and without heating. The Kruskal-Wallis test was used to examine the data. The quality staining of guinea pig liver slides deparaffinized with xylol was 100% good, and deparaffinization of ylang-ylang oil with heating was 100% good, whereas deparaffinization with ylang-ylang oil without heating was 11.1% less good, and the quality was good with an 88.9%. The normality test indicated that the data were not normally distributed (p0.05). The Kruskal-Wallis test was then used.Pewarnaan histologi umumnya membutuhkan deparafinisasi sebelum dimulai tahap pewarnaan. Deparafinisasi merupakan tahap penghilangan parafin yang umumnya menggunakan larutan xylol. Deparafinisasi menggunakan xylol memiliki kekurangan diantaranya bersifat toksik, berbahaya bagi tubuh manusia dan tidak ramah lingkungan. Diperlukan bahan alternatif pengganti xylol yang lebih aman. β-caryo-phyllene dalam minyak kenanga menyebabkan minyak kenanga bersifat non-polar sehingga dapat digunakan sebagai penggati xylol. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mengetahui adanya perbedaan kualitas pewarnaan sediaan jaringan hati marmut menggunakan xylol dan minyak kenanga (Cananga odorata) dengan atau tanpa pemanasan sebagai agen deparafinisasi pada pewarnaan Hematoksilin-eosin (HE). Penelitian menggunakan metode eksperimen kuasi dengan sampel sediaan jaringan hati marmut. Besar sampel dihitung dengan rumus Federer (n-1) (t-1) ≥ 15 didapatkan total sampel 27 preparat yang terbagi dalam 3 kelompok perlakuan yaitu xylol, minyak kenanga dengan dan tanpa pemanasan. Data dianalisis menggunakan uji Kruskal-Wallis. Hasil kualitas pewarnaan preparat hati marmut yang dideparafinisasi dengan xylol didapatkan hasil 100% baik dan deparafinisasi minyak kenanga dengan pemanasan didapatkan hasil 100% baik sedangkan pada deparafinisasi dengan minyak kenanga tanpa pemanasan didapatkan hasil 11,1% kurang baik dan kualitas baik dengan presentase 88,9%. Uji normalitas didapatkan data tidak terdistribusi normal (p0,05), data dilanjutkan dengan uji Kruskal-Wallis diperoleh hasil tidak ada perbedaan yang signifikan terhadap penggunaan xylol dan minyak kenanga dengan dan tanpa pemanasan sebagai agen deparafinisasi (p0,05). Kesimpulan minyak kenanga efektif untuk digunakan sebagai agen deparafinisasi pada pewarnaan HE

Gambaran Mikroskopis Jaringan Kulit Normal Mencit Balb/C Setelah Perlakuan Plasma Jet Dengan Pengecatan Hematoxylin Eosin

Terdapat banyak pilihan pengobatan untuk perbaikan penyembuhan luka. Eksplorasi metode seperti perlakuan terhadap agen teknologi pengobatan plasma untuk terapi medis menghasilkan wawasan baru. Plasma merupakan zat keempat setelah padat, cair dan gas yang mampu menghasilkan Reactive Oxygen and Nitrogen Species (RONS) yang bermanfaat bagi kesehatan jika dosisnya tepat. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menguji pengaruh plasma jet pada kulit normal mencit yang rusak akibat pengaruh dosis berlebihan secara histologis dengan pewarnaan hematoxylin eosin (HE). Penelitian menggunakan mencit Balb/c 4 bulan yang dibagi menjadi 3 kelompok jarak paparan. Jarak yang paling berpengaruh pada kulit diperiksa secara mikroskopis untuk mengetahui perbedaan respon inflamasi pada 2 pengamatan yaitu jaringan yang rusak pada kulit dibedah pada hari ke-0 dan hari ke-1. Pada hari ke-0, jaringan kulit mencit dibedah 4 jam setelah terpapar plasma jet (D0) dan hari 2 tikus dibedah 24 jam setelah terkena plasma jet (D1). Hasil penelitian secara visual menyebabkan kerusakan kulit dalam jarak 3 mm. Hasil pengamatan kerusakan mikroskopis menunjukkan bahwa Paired T-test dengan nilai probabilitas 0,238 (P>0,05) berarti kedalaman kerusakan kulit D0 dan D1 tidak berbeda nyata. Kesimpulannya, jarak pancaran plasma 3 mm berpotensi merusak kulit normal, secara mikroskopis kerusakan kulit hanya terjadi pada epidermis, dan kedalaman kerusakan kulit tidak signifikan antara kulit yang dioperasi pada hari ke-0 dan hari-1

Hubungan Jumlah Monosit Dan Nilai Laju Endap Darah (LED) Terhadap Lama Pengobatan Pasien Tuberculosis : Correlation Of Monocyte Number And Erythrocyte Sedimentation Rate (Esr) Value Against To Duration Of Treatment In Tuberculosis Patients

Tuberculosis (TBC) is a bacterial infection caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis. The duration of TBC treatment is routinely 6 months; otherwise, resistance will develop. TBC can increase leukocytes, including monocytosis as an inflammatory response and an elevated ESR.  The aim of this study was to determine the relationship between the number of monocytes and the ESR value on the duration of tuberculosis treatment in patients at the Respira Lung Hospital, Yogyakarta City. The study was conducted in June and July 2023 at the Respira Pulmonary Hospital in Yogyakarta City. The study sample was 32 tuberculosis patients and blood was drawn to determine the monocyte number and ESR value. The results showed that the average number of monocytes was 7% (normal), the ESR value was 41.59 mm/hour (high) with the average duration of tuberculosis treatment for respondents was 3 months. Spearman test obtained Sig p<0.05.  This study concluded that there is a correlation between the number of monocytes and the ESR value on the duration of TB treatment in patients at the Respira Lung Hospital in Yogyakarta City, with the direction of the relationship reversed

Binahong leaf extract activity in the 8th day of wound healing infected with Staphylococcus aureus towards collagen tissue

Infection by Staphylococcus aureus, which contains alpha hemolysis and toxins that induce skin necrosis, can occur if incisions are left untreated. Infectious wound treatment that isn't dosed properly might have negative effects including bacterial resistance, hence plant-based solutions like binahong (Anredera cordifolia (Ten.) Steenis) leaf extract is needed. Alkaloids, saponins, and flavonoids found in binahong leaf act as anti-inflammatory, antiseptic, increase fibroblast cells, and increase collagen production throughout the healing process and scar tissue creation. Collagen production begins on day 3 of the proliferative stage and continues to increase until day 21. The goal of the study was to determine the thickness of collagen tissue using Masson's Trichrome staining on the 8th day of wound healing infected with S. aureus after administering binahong leaf extract. The research method used a completely randomized design with 4 research groups, normal control, negative control, treatment 25% (P1), and 50% (P2) concentrations of binahong leaf extract. S. aureus was cultured using BHI, MC, and BHIA media (Mc Farlan standard 0.5; 20L). Wounds were made on the back skin of the rat with a 2cm of length and 2mm of depth, then induced by S. aureus. The Binahong leaf extract was applied to the wound area in the morning and evening for 8th days. The paraffin method was used to prepare slides of the skin tissue, 10% NBF as fixation solution, and stained with Masson’s Trichrome. The thickness was measured in 5 fields of view at 400x magnification with a score of 0-4. The results showed that the P2 group had the same average collagen thickness as the normal control group, which was 50% in each field of view (score 3). While the average thickness of the P1 group was 25% in each field of view (score 2). These results indicate that the administration of binahong leaf extract at 25% and 50% concentrations can stimulate the formation of collagen on S. aureus-infected wounds

Hasil cek similarity "Accelerated Healing of Chronic Wounds under a Combinatorial Therapeutic Regimen Based on Cold Atmospheric Plasma Jet Using Contact and Noncontact Styles"

One critical element for applying atmospheric pressure plasma jet for medical purposes is that it is possible to construct a combinatorial therapeutic regimen based on contact and noncontact styles for the cold atmospheric plasma jet. This study evaluates plasma jet effectiveness for bacteria-infected wounds in a small animal model. In this investigation, we test a novel combinative treatment using contact and noncontact style for plasma jet that was generated at high voltage of ~ 9 kV. We use medical-grade argon gas as a single carrier gas. The object of plasma treatment is BALB/c mouse skin wounds that were infected with Staphylococcus aureus. We use four plasma jet treatments, namely, C (control), CP-CP (contact), NCP-NCP (noncontact), and CP-NCP (contact-noncontact). For CP-NCP, from days 0 to 7 we apply a contact style of plasma jet treatment to wounds to kill bacteria; from days 8 to 13, a noncontact style of plasma jet is applied to stimulate wound healing. Our results show that with CP-CP, contact plasma treatment can remove the biofilm layer, but after the biofilm layer disappears contact plasma treatment inhibits the wound-healing process. NCP-NCP is not effective in eliminating bacterial biofilms and impedes the wound-healing process. With CP-NCP, contact plasma exposure during days 0 to 7 is able to remove bacterial biofilms, and irradiation of noncontact plasma during days 8 to 14 accelerates wound healing. Finally, CP-NCP significantly accelerates healing. The combinatorial therapeutic regimen based on contact and noncontact styles of cold atmospheric plasma jet is recommended for chronic wound management, because it effectively removes bacterial biofilms and accelerates wound healing