Collective trauma cycle: The healing role of reconciliation, forgiveness and restorative justice in collective traumas

Although collective traumas have a serious impact on the mental health of the community, the real challenge is solving the problem of how to live together after all committed persecutions. In countries like Rwanda, South Africa, Yugoslavia, Chile and Uruguay, trauma victims often had to live side by side with torturers, which has led to almost insurmountable problems in the community's reconstruction process and the healing of collective wounds had to deal with issues such as truth, justice, compensation, restoration, forgiveness and reconciliation. Collective trauma can be solved with both individual and societal studies to prevent generational transmission. For peace building through breaking the cycle of victimization and aggression, it is necessary to approach ethnic and transnational conflicts with a peaceful problem-solving approach involving truth, understanding, reconciliation, forgiveness and restorative justice. Above all, to break the chain that transfers the feelings of hatred, shame and guilt to one another, it is necessary the victims, the offenders and their partners to meet each other and their consciences

The perseveration of checking thoughts and mood–as–input hypothesis

This paper describes two experiments designed to investigate how a current model of task perseveration, the mood-as-input hypothesis, might be applied to activities relevant to compulsive checking. The mood-as-input hypothesis predicts that perseveration at an open-ended task will be determined by a combination of the “stop rules” adopted for the task, and the valency of the mood state in which the task is conducted. Experiment 1 required participants to generate items that should be checked for safety/security if they were leaving their home unattended. Experiment 2 used an analogue recall task, in which participants were asked to recall items from a comprehensive list of items that should be checked if they were to leave their home safe/secure. Both experiments found that perseveration at the tasks was determined by particular configurations of mood and stop rules for the task. Of most relevance to compulsive checking was the fact that facilitated perseveration occurred when participants were asked to undertake the tasks in a negative mood using “as many as can” stop rules. Implications for the factors that develop and maintain compulsive checking are discussed

Perseveration of checking thoughts and mood-as-input hypothesis

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