Spodoptera frugiperda böcek hücrelerinin transfeksiyonu ve rekombinant protein üretimi

Production of recombinant protein is widely studied in recent years. Spodoptera frugiperda insect cell lines preferred as a host for baculovirus (BV) because of the short doubling time, high protein folding, and adaptation to suspension culture. Also, baculovirus systems have the capacity for high productivity, expression of large gene and efficient transfection method. In this review, insect cell lines that are responsible for expression of recombinant protein, growth media, production conditions, baculoviruses, transfection methods, bioreactor systems, operational modes and bioreactor equipment are addressed

Food-Derived Opioids: Production and the Effects of Opioids on Human Health

Traditional opioids have been used for the people who suffer from cancer, burns, surgery, HIV/AIDS, and other serious illness pains for years. However, numerous side effects like dizziness, apnea, physical dependence, tolerance, addiction, nausea, and vomiting push the researchers to look forward to the new opioid options. The opioid peptides which derived from foods provide significant advantages as the safe and natural alternative. The researchers reported that it is also promising a new functional food and nutraceutical. In this chapter, the type of food-derived opioids, their origins, possible receptors, their amino acid sequences, opioid effects, production techniques, and health benefits are reviewed

Production of recombinant human dipeptidyl peptidase IV from SF9 cells in microbial fermenters

The human dipeptidyl peptidase IV (hDPPIV/CD26) is expressed as an immune response in some cancer cells as well as intestine and incretin metabolism, and deficiency of the enzyme leads to metabolic disorders. In the present study, recombinant hDPPIV/CD26 genes were expressed in baculovirus–insect cell systems in a 5-L stirred-tank fermenter. Because of the shear sensitivity of the insect cell line, production from insect cells should be performed in new-generation type bioreactors, which are commonly more expensive than microbial fermenters. To optimize the process, hydrodynamic parameters and oxygen consumption of Sf9 cells at 1.5 L and 3 L were monitored, and a certain amount of serum was added to the production medium to decrease shear and stabilize the growth of insect cells that normally do not need serum addition. In this study, dimensionless numbers and some hydrodynamic parameters were calculated in 1.5 L, and predictions were made for 3 L fermenter volumes. Agitation rates of 60 rpm were determined to protect insect cells against damaging shear stress. Regarding the agitation rate, oxygen mass transfer coefficient (k L a) was 0.0129 min –1 for 1.5 L and was kept constant for 3 L (0.0133 min –1 ). The maximum enzyme activity from microbial fermenters was 2.37-fold higher than activity from T-flask in our previous work. The infection efficiency of transfected cells was 78%–81% in the 1.5-L and 3-L fermenters. © TÜBİTAK

Serum Ischaemia-modified albumin concentration in hyperemesis gravidarum

Introduction: The role of oxidative stress in the pathogenesis of hyperemesis gravidarum (HEG) has been demonstrated in a lot of studies. The present study aimed to compare the ischaemia-modified albumin (IMA) serum levels of patients diagnosed with HEG with healthy pregnant women, and to investigate whether oxidative stress caused increased serum IMA in HEG. Methods: Pregnant women were classified into a group diagnosed with HEG (n=45) and an age- and body mass index-matched control group without HEG (n=45). Serum IMA levels were assessed by the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) method. Results: Serum IMA levels were higher in the HEG group than the control group (HEG: 8.2 +/- 0.2 ng/mL, control: 6.9 +/- 03 ng/mL, p<0.001). Conclusion: We found that HEG was related to increased maternal serum IMA levels. The high levels of IMA in HEG can he considered as a reflection of increased oxidative stress

THE EFFECT OF DIODE LASER AS AN ADJUNCT TO PERIODONTAL TREATMENT ON CLINICAL PERIODONTAL PARAMETERS AND HALITOSIS: A RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED CLINICAL TRIAL

Aim: The aim of this study is to examine the clinical efficiency of diode laser periodontal pocket irradiation as an adjunct to conventional scaling and root planning (SRP) on periodontal parameters and halitosis. Material and Methods: In our randomized, controlled clinical trial, 40 patients with untreated chronic periodontitis were randomly separated into two group to receive SRP with laser (laser group n=20) or SRP solely (control group n=20). Plaque index (PI), gingival index (GI), probing pocket depth (PD), clinic attachment loss (CAL), bleeding on probing (BOP) and halitosis were recorded at baseline and 1st ,3rd and6th months after treatment by a periodontist. Results: Both treatment methods showed significant reductions in clinical parameters and halitosis levels compared to baseline. Conclusion: The present study indicates that compared to SRP solely, adjunctive applications of a 940-nm diode laser with SRP showed lower bleeding on probing and halitosis levels

Kağıt Kesme (Cut Out) Tekniğiyle Çocuklara Yönelik Etkileşimli Elektronik Kitap Tasarımı

The books created for children are mostly works that adults can understand at first, and later on, it was understood that the competences of children in terms of perception, understanding and personal development were different from adults, and efforts were made to produce works suitable for their perception and comprehension as well as competence. In the thesis, the historical development of the books is explained by researching national and international works. In addition to traditional and experimental painting techniques for children, expressions of digital painting techniques are included as well. Developments in the field of technology have also changed the format of the book, which has led to the emergence of concepts such as e-book concept and digital interaction. The thesis has been chosen as one of the research topics in order to provide improvement in this field and to produce qualified interactive e-books. The lack of Turkish literature about cut out technique, the fact that it is included in a small part of the mentioned books and the use of cut out technique in illustrations for children is insufficient when compared to international studies, and it is constituting a reason to be considered as a research subject. As a result of the researches, cut out technique and interactive e-books are brought together and the application for children is carried out within the scope of basic design principles and multimedia design principles, and it is aimed to set an example for publishers and those who want to improve themselves in this field. The thesis study consists of four chapters. In the first chapter, the historical development of illustrating children's books in the national and international arena, illustration techniques, the historical development of illustration with cut out technique, today's cut out technique and made examples are taken into consideration. In the second part, e-book definition has been made and e-book types divided into four categories are explained. The devices required to read e-books and the relationship between e-books and games, e-books according to age ranges and the importance of interactive e-books for children are explained. Visual design elements (design, user interface, ease of use, writing (typography), illustration, interaction, sound, color, shape, symbol, button, software) have been taken into consideration in order to produce qualified interactive e-books for children. In line with what is explained in the first and second sections, it is aimed to be function this thesis as a guide for the application described in the fourth section and for the studies to be carried out, by evaluating the studies introduced with the cut out technique, interactive e-books and interactive e-books created with the cut out technique along with their positive and negative aspects. Since illustration with cut out technique is one of the research topics of the thesis, in the first chapter, how it emerged, where it was seen and the examples made were mentioned in detail. The importance of illustration with cut out technique and the interactive ebook for children is given in detail in the first and second chapters. As a result of all these researches, the tale of “Keloğlan (Bald Boy- a Turkish Fictional Character) and Fish” was re-conspired with cut out technique and handled in order to promote our cultural values and interactive e-book was created in apk format for android mobile devices.Çocuklara yönelik ortaya koyulan kitaplar ilk başlarda daha çok yetişkinlerin anlayabileceği türden eserler olup daha sonrasında çocukların algı, kavrayış ve kişisel gelişimleri açısından yeterliliklerinin yetişkinlerden farklı olduğu anlaşılarak algı ve kavrayışlarına, yeterliliklerine uygun eserler ortaya koyulmaya çalışılmıştır. Tez çalışmasında kitapların tarihsel gelişimi, ulusal ve uluslararası eserler araştırılarak anlatılmıştır. Çocuklara yönelik geleneksel resimleme, deneysel resimleme tekniklerinin yanı sıra dijital resimleme tekniklerinin anlatımlarına yer verilmektedir. Teknoloji alanında sağlanan gelişmeler kitap biçimini de değiştirmesiyle e-kitap kavramı, dijital ortamda etkileşim gibi kavramların ortaya çıkmasını sağlamıştır. Bu alanda gelişme sağlanabilmesi ve nitelikli etkileşimli e-kitaplar ortaya koyulabilmesi için tez araştırma konularından biri olarak seçilmiştir. Kâğıt kesme tekniğiyle ilgili Türkçe literatür eksikliği, değinilen kitaplarda da küçük bir bölümünde yer verilmesi ve çocuklara yönelik resimlemelerde kâğıt kesme tekniği kullanımının uluslararası yapılan çalışmalarla kıyaslandığında yetersiz olması sebebiyle araştırma konusu olarak ele alınmıştır. Araştırmalar neticesinde kâğıt kesme tekniği ve etkileşimli e-kitap bir araya getirilerek çocuklara yönelik uygulama temel tasarım ilkeleri ve çoklu ortam tasarım ilkeleri kapsamında gerçekleştirilerek yayın evlerine ve bu alanda kendini geliştirmek isteyenlere örnek olması amaçlanmaktadır. Tez çalışması dört bölümden oluşmaktadır. Birinci bölümde ulusal ve uluslararası alanda çocuk kitaplarını resimlemenin tarihsel gelişimi, resimleme teknikleri, kâğıt kesme tekniği ile resimlemenin tarihsel gelişimi, günümüzde kağıt kesme tekniği, ve yapılmış örnekler ele alınmaktadır. İkinci bölümde e-kitap tanımı yapılmış ve dört kategoriye ayrılan e-kitap türleri anlatılmaktadır. E-kitapların okunabilmesi için ihtiyaç duyulan cihazlar ve e-kitap ile oyun ilişkisi, yaş aralıklarına göre e-kitaplar, etkileşimli e-kitapların çocuklar için önemi anlatılmaktadır. Çocuklara yönelik nitelikli etkileşimli e-kitap ortaya koyulabilmesi için görsel tasarım ögeleri (tasarım, kullanıcı arayüzü, kullanım kolaylığı, yazı (tipografi), resimleme, etkileşim, ses, renk, şekil, sembol, buton, yazılım) ele alınmaktadır. Birinci ve ikinci bölümde anlatılanlar doğrultusunda kâğıt kesme tekniğiyle ortaya koyulan çalışmalar, etkileşimli e-kitaplar ve kâğıt kesme tekniği ile oluşturulan etkileşimli e-kitaplar olumlu olumsuz yönleri ile değerlendirilerek dördüncü bölümde anlatılan uygulama için ve yapılacak çalışmalar için yol gösterici olması hedeflenmiştir. Kâğıt kesme tekniği ile resimleme tezin araştırma konularından biri olduğundan birinci bölümde ortaya nasıl çıktığından, nerelerde görüldüğünden ve yapılan örneklerden detaylı bir şekilde bahsedilmiştir. Kâğıt kesme tekniği ile resimlemenin ve etkileşimli e-kitabın çocuklar açısından önemine birinci ve ikinci bölümde detaylı olarak yer verilmiştir. Tüm bu araştırmalar sonucunda kâğıt kesme tekniği ile “Keloğlan ile Balık” masalı yeniden kurgulanarak kültürel değerlerimizi tanıtmak sahip çıkmak amacıyla ele alınmış ve etkileşimli e-kitap android mobil cihazlara göre apk formatında oluşturulmuştur

The role of antiferromagnetic exchange interactions in dinuclear Cr(III) dithiocarbamates and a stepwise behavior of magnetic moment

In this study the role of the antiferromagnetic interactions in recently synthesized dinuclear Cr(III) complex has been investigated. Since there was not enough structural information for the characterization of the synthesis, we claim that there should be antiferromagnetic interactions between the dinuclear Fe(III) ions, if the proposed structure is the real structure. A new experiment is proposed to test the predictions of this theoretical investigation

Statistical optimization of cell disruption techniques for releasing intracellular X-prolyl dipeptidyl aminopeptidase from Lactococcus lactis spp. lactis

X-prolyl dipeptidyl aminopeptidase (PepX) is an intracellular enzyme from the Gram-positive bacterium Lactococcus lactis spp. lactis NRRL B-1821, and it has commercial importance. The objective of this study was to compare the effects of several cell disruption methods on the activity of PepX. Statistical optimization methods were performed for two cavitation methods, hydrodynamic (high-pressure homogenization) and acoustic (sonication), to determine the more appropriate disruption method. Two level factorial design (2FI), with the parameters of number of cycles and pressure, and Box-Behnken design (BBD), with the parameters of cycle, sonication time, and power, were used for the optimization of the high-pressure homogenization and sonication methods, respectively. In addition, disruption methods, consisting of lysozyme, bead milling, heat treatment, freeze-thawing, liquid nitrogen, ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA), Triton-X, sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS), chloroform, and antibiotics, were performed and compared with the high-pressure homogenization and sonication methods. The optimized values of high-pressure homogenization were one cycle at 130 MPa providing activity of 114.47 mU ml-1, while sonication afforded an activity of 145.09 mU ml-1 at 28 min with 91% power and three cycles. In conclusion, sonication was the more effective disruption method, and its optimal operation parameters were manifested for the release of intracellular enzyme from a L. lactis spp. lactis strain, which is a Gram-positive bacterium. © 2015 Elsevier B.V

The relationship of microalbuminuria with left ventricular functions and silent myocardial ischemia in asymptomatic patients with type 2 diabetes

İstanbul Bilim Üniversitesi, Tıp Fakültesi.Amaç: Son yıllarda, ilerleyici böbrek yetersizliğinin bir belirteci olan mikroalbüminürinin (MA) özellikle diyabetik hastalarda kardiyovasküler hastalıkla da ilişkili olduğu gözlenmiştir. Bu çalışmada, tip 2 diyabetli asemptomatik hastalarda MA ile sol ventrikül fonksiyonları ve efor testinde saptanan sessiz miyokart iskemisi arasındaki ilişki araştırıldı. Çalışma planı: Çalışmaya, kardiyak açıdan yakınmasız, tip 2 diyabet tanısı konan 50 hasta (36 kadın, 14 erkek; ort. yaş 63±7) alındı. Her hastaya transtorasik ekokardiyografik değerlendirmeyi takiben biyokimyasal değerlendirme ve egzersiz testi yapıldı. Her hastada iki ayrı günde 24 saatlik idrarda MA düzeyi ölçüldü. Hastalar MA miktarının 30 mg’nin üzerinde ve altında olmasına göre sırasıyla MA(+) ve MA(–) olarak gruplandırıldı.Objectives: Recently, microalbuminuria (MA), a marker of advanced renal failure, has been shown to be related with cardiovascular disease especially in diabetic patients. This study was designed to investigate the relationship between MA and left ventricular functions and silent myocardial ischemia documented by exercise test in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Study design: The study included 50 asymptomatic patients (36 women, 14 men; mean age 63±7 years) with type 2 diabetes. All the patients underwent treadmill test and biochemical tests following transthoracic echocardiography. Microalbuminuria was diagnosed from a 24-hour urine sample on two different days and the patients were evaluated in two groups based on the presence (≥30 mg/dl) or absence (<30 mg/dl) of MA

Nonlinear optical properties of a Poschl-Teller quantum well under electric and magnetic fields

The nonlinear optical properties of a Poschl-Teller Quantum well (PTQW) under electric and magnetic fields are studied. The salient feature of this potential is its flexibility. It can be made asymmetrical by a proper choice of its two parameters. Optical rectification, second and third-harmonic generation susceptibilities are calculated using the density matrix formalism. We study the effects of quantum confinement, electric and magnetic fields on all of these optical coefficients