Electronic and Lattice Dynamical Properties of Ti2SiB MAX Phase

The structural, electronic, mechanic, vibrational and thermodynamic properties of Ti2SiB which is a hypothetical MAX phase compound, have been investigated using density functional theory calculations. The structural optimization of Ti2SiB has been performed and the results have been compared with Ti2SiC, Ti2SiN, and Ti2AlB that are studied in the literature. Then the band structure and corresponding partial density of states are computed. In addition, charge density and Bader charge analysis have been performed. The elastic constants have been obtained, then the secondary results such as bulk modulus, shear modulus, Youngs modulus, Poissons ratio, and Vickers Hardness of polycrystalline aggregates have been derived, and the relevant mechanical properties have been discussed. Moreover, the elastic anisotropy has been visualized in detail by plotting the directional dependence of compressibility, Poisson ratio, Youngs and Shear moduli. Furthermore, the phonon dispersion curves as well as corresponding phonon PDOS, and thermodynamical properties such as free energy, entropy and heat capacity have been computed and the obtained results have been discussed in detail. This study provides the first considerations of Ti2SiB that could have a potential application in nuclear industry

日本における女性就業と文化に関する考察

要約のみTohoku University若林緑課

Cavity Ring-Down Spectroscopy of Trace Components in Gas Mixtures for Breath Analysis and Environmental Applications

Cavity ring-down spectroscopy (CRDS) is a direct absorption technique, which provides high detection sensitivity of gas, liquid or solid phases. By using high reflectivity mirrors, the effective absorption path length can be increased up to the hundred-kilometer range. In this work, a single mode tunable CW laser source was used to achieve high sensitivity detection with a narrow line width. The light source is a distributed feedback (DFB) diode laser. By changing the temperature and the current of the diode laser, the output wavelength was tuned across the absorption line peaks of carbon dioxide, methane (COv2, CHv4) and acetone (CHv3COCHv3). In particular, the main goals of this study are the optimization of the detection sensitivity of the isotope ratio (^13C/^12C) of indoor COv2 and CHv4, exhaled acetone analysis for diagnosing diabetes and studying of the gas content of natural water. In this study, first, the ^13C/^12C ratio of COv2 and CHv4 for room air will be discussed. Second, the results on acetone absorption spectrum for diabetic and non-diabetic people will be presented. Third, a membrane gas separation system and spectroscopic analysis of gas content will be described

St. Augustine and Said Nursi on Introspection as a Vehicle for Change

St. Augustine, a fourth century philosopher and scholar (354-430), illustrates the significance of undergoing a process of introspection through his Confessions. Readers are taken by the hand and led through his childhood, adolescence, and adulthood all the while being immersed in his reflective thoughts. While Augustine does not make explicit mentions of how political affairs should be directed in Confessions in contrast to his later work, City of God, he sets up the model that one should follow if desiring social change; namely, focusing on inner change first. Particularly, Augustine makes mention of many instances of implicit and explicit violence in his youth which impact his later developed understandings of violence in the public sphere. While Augustine is a clear advocate of participating in the social life, he makes the process of individual introspection a prerequisite so as to ensure the efficacy of the former. Author information: Aysenur Guc is a senior at Rutgers University, New Brunswick studying philosophy and religion. In the near future, she hopes to pursue graduate studies

The Integration of Syrian Refugees in Turkey via Education

The Syrian conflict, which was initiated as a pro-democratic movement against Bashar Assad’s government, has displaced millions of people both internally and externally. Since the beginning of the conflict, 6.6 million people are internally displaced, while 5.6 million people seek refuge in other countries. Many Syrians scattered to neighboring countries, principally Turkey, Lebanon, Jordan, Iraq, and Egypt. Turkey, who shares the longest borderline with Syria, hosts 63 percent of the total number of Syrian refugees, currently at more than 3.5 million (UNHCR, 2018b). However, Turkey as the country with the highest number of refugees in the world does not legally recognize Syrians as refugees. The prolonged stay of Syrians in Turkey, on the other hand, undermines the success of temporary protection and emphasizes the importance of long-term planning and integration policies. Considering that half of the refugee population are children, the education of refugee children is an important step for the overall integration of refugees and their future in the host country. The purpose of this paper is to examine current policies and problems on the integration and education of Syrians in Turkey, in order to provide an informed perspective on how to integrate Syrian refugees in Turkey via education

Sosyal koruma harcamalarinin yapay zeka degerlendirme tekniklerinden girdap optimizasyon algoritmasi araciligi ile maliyet analizi

Today, it has been arguing about the limits of welfare models in which ongoing discussions are on the fight against poverty and deprivation play an important role. What should be the role of government? May the implementations of welfare models face with crisis? Is it possible to set socioeconomic limits to the level of redistribution which is being set by welfare state implementations and financing practices? What should be the role of government about social protection implementations which are being applied for the disadvantaged groups who forced to fight poverty and deprivation. All these questions require an comprehensive analytical study on social protection implementations. The role of social protection expenditures which can be a criteria to test the meaning of ''social'' concept in social state on social solidarity, its level in public social protection spendings and predictability of beneficiariers' social protection costs to social state are very important issues to provide sustainability.The aim of the study is to interpret the optimization and measurement of the efficiency of the effectiveness of social protection expenditures with the vortex optimization algorithm from artificial intelligence evaluation techniques which is a different and contemporary technique. The results of the study on social protection expenditure in Turkey has concluded that the optimization.peer-reviewe

Spatial implications of the organization of production in the automotive industry in Turkey

Since the 1980s, the restructuring tendencies of capital have been calling for the reorganization of production, reshaping of enterprises and reconsiderations of geographical space. Globalization and japanization emerged as the new concepts of the postfordist production era, the former implying the geographical enlargement of economic operations and markets while the latter representing a certain managerial model which has come to be considered a crucial element of the globalization process in the postfordist organization of production. Radical improvements in transportation and communication technologies resulted in the reduction of the associated costs which, in turn, made resources and markets all over the world accessible. However, this accessibility destroyed the oligopolistic advantages of business firms due to? their proximity to local markets (Thisse, 1994). Globalization forced them to seek for other types of competition whereby the survival of a firm depends on its performance in the diversity of its products, quality of goods and asociated services, its responsiveness to demand, ability to reduce lapse of time, and innovating capacity (Veltz, 1994). This new type of competitiveness requires intense interaction and cooperation inside firms, between various phases in the production cycle, between firms and their suppliers and clients, as well as between commodity markets and labour markets (Thisse, 1994). Thus, a new type of proximity becomes important for competitiveness. Territorial and local considerations are reinterpreted in reference to the global restructuring process of capital. Several questions are raised in this context: Will the big cities be increasingly interlinked in a global urban network? Will small towns which are not well linked to the network be facing increasing degeneration and poverty? What new links should be established between cities and their surrounding areas? (Derycke,1994). There are antithetic answers to those questions as far as urban hierarchy and local development is concerned. Some authors argue that the new form of competition would be to the detriment of traditional subcontracting networks based on proximity because of ?world sourcing?. Meanwhile, it would increase urban polarization because the new criteria of competitive survival and the need for flexibility against escalating uncertainty require location in large metropolises. On the other hand, other autors argue that ?global toyotaism, in comparison to global fordism, localizes more of the production process and therefore seems to be more conducive to local development in host nations? (Fujita&Hill, 1995). This paper attempts to analyse the spatial implications of the shift from fordist production to postfordist production, toyotaism in special, on the basis of data collected in the automotive industry in Turkey.

Evaluation of tongue strength and symptoms of oral dysphagia in patients accompanying temporomandibular disorder

Introduction: The aim of this study was to compare functional restriction of the jaw, swallowing difficulty, tongue strength and endurance, and quality of life in temporomandibular disorder (TMD) patients with and without oral dysphagia (OD) and in healthy individuals. Material and methods: The TMD group with 20 patients with TMD, and the TMD-OD group with 20 TMD patients with Eating Assessment Tool-10 (EAT-10) ≥ 3, and presence of pain and difficulty in swallowing as well as control group comprising 20 healthy volunteers were included in this case-control study. Evaluations were made of pain severity, pain history, maximum mouth opening, Jaw Function Limitation Scale-20 (JFLS-20), and the Swallowing related-Quality of Life questionnaire (Swal-QoL). Additionally, the tongue strength and endurance were measured with the Iowa Oral Performance Instrument (IOPI). Results: The history of pain, JFLS, EAT-10 values were significantly higher, and the Swal-QoL were significantly lower in the TMD-OD group compared to the patients with the TMD group (p < 0.05). The IOPI values of the TMD and TMD-OD groups were determined to be significantly lower than those of the healthy group (p < 0.05). Conclusions: Functional restriction of the jaw, swallowing difficulty, and Swal-QoL showed a difference in the patients with TMD-OD compared to the patients with TMD only. The tongue strength and endurance values of the patients were different from those of the healthy control group. © 2021 Termedia Publishing House Ltd.