Personnages publics de l'islam en Europe (scandales, controverses et performances)

Ce travail explore les aspects scandaleux de la rencontre contemporaine entre l'islam et l'Europe en se penchant sur les itinéraires privés et publics de cinq personnages controversés: Salman Rushdie, Tariq Ramadan, Ayaan Hirsi Ali, Yusuf Qaradawi et Irshad Manji. Les interventions publiques de ces cinq personnages mettent en relief certains tabous et processus d'exclusion et d'inclusion en Europe autour de thématiques comme la relation aux textes, la violence faite contre les femmes, l'antisémitisme, l'homosexualité, et les frontières de l'Europe. L'hypothèse de base de ce travail est que ces personnages -au travers de leurs parcours de vies, romans, films, livres, sites Internet, et interventions publiques -contribuent à transformer les paramètres des débats publics en Europe. Ce travail interagit avec les difficultés terminologiques et méthodologiques qui apparaissent lorsqu'on essaie de penser la rencontre entre l'islam et l'Europe: la catégorie du Musulman y est dissoute de façon à penser ensemble des individus qui sont en mouvement et qui ne partagent pas d'identité de groupe. Leurs déplacements sont géographiques mais aussi linguistiques ou de l'ordre des idées et des croyances. Tous sont des migrants, des sujets réflexifs qui évoluent dans un monde translocal, des individus qui usent de leur image, de leur corps et de sa mise en scène, et qui maîtrisent des technologies modernes de communication. Ils construisent tous leur personnalité publique en faisant des références actives à l'islam -qu'elle soit positive ou négative -et partagent le fait de questionner l'Europe en pénétrant l'espace public européen à coups de scandales.This thesis proposes to think the encounter between Europe and Islam through scandalous public moments on the path of five individuals: Salman Rushdie, Tariq Ramadan, Ayaan Hirsi Ali, Yusuf Qaradawi et Irshad Manji. The main hypothesis of this work is that these public figures contribute to setting the parameters of public debates in Europe since the 1990s. Their public interventions highlight certain taboos and processes of exclusion and inclusion in Europe; they force a questioning on the asymmetrical configurations of European public spaces. One of the methodological ambitions of this work was to question the category of the ' Muslim' in Europe. These individuals share certain similarities but also have many differences. Their experiences with migration are not limited to a linear path from a country of origin to a host country; their journeys are geographic but they are also linguistic, and refer to ideas, sources of knowledge, and beliefs. They all have different levels of interiority with Europe and different visions for the future of Europe. These individuals do not share a common group identity, ethnicity, gender, a form of religiosity, nationality or sexual preference; they escape modes of categorizations commonly used when thinking of contemporary Islam. They are all migrants that have changing relations to religiosity and to the nation, and who navigate between languages and textual references principally through the use of communication technologies. They question European values by creating public scandals through activating references to Islam.PARIS3-BU (751052102) / SudocSudocFranceF

COVID-19: vaccination vs. hospitalization

Objective Vaccination is the most efficient way to control the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, but vaccination rates remain below the target level in most countries. This multicenter study aimed to evaluate the vaccination status of hospitalized patients and compare two different booster vaccine protocols. Setting Inoculation in Turkey began in mid-January 2021. Sinovac was the only available vaccine until April 2021, when BioNTech was added. At the beginning of July 2021, the government offered a third booster dose to healthcare workers and people aged > 50 years who had received the two doses of Sinovac. Of the participants who received a booster, most chose BioNTech as the third dose. Methods We collected data from 25 hospitals in 16 cities. Patients hospitalized between August 1 and 10, 2021, were included and categorized into eight groups according to their vaccination status. Results We identified 1401 patients, of which 529 (37.7%) were admitted to intensive care units. Nearly half (47.8%) of the patients were not vaccinated, and those with two doses of Sinovac formed the second largest group (32.9%). Hospitalizations were lower in the group which received 2 doses of Sinovac and a booster dose of BioNTech than in the group which received 3 doses of Sinovac. Conclusion Effective vaccinations decreased COVID-19-related hospitalizations. The efficacy after two doses of Sinovac may decrease over time; however, it may be enhanced by adding a booster dose. Moreover, unvaccinated patients may be persuaded to undergo vaccination