Band alignment and enhanced breakdown field of simultaneously oxidized and nitrided Zr film on Si

The band alignment of ZrO2/interfacial layer/Si structure fabricated by simultaneous oxidation and nitridation of sputtered Zr on Si in N2O at 700°C for different durations has been established by using X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. Valence band offset of ZrO2/Si was found to be 4.75 eV, while the highest corresponding conduction offset of ZrO2/interfacial layer was found to be 3.40 eV; owing to the combination of relatively larger bandgaps, it enhanced electrical breakdown field to 13.6 MV/cm at 10-6 A/cm2

A core outcome set for pre‐eclampsia research: an international consensus development study

Objective To develop a core outcome set for pre‐eclampsia. Design Consensus development study. Setting International. Population Two hundred and eight‐one healthcare professionals, 41 researchers and 110 patients, representing 56 countries, participated. Methods Modified Delphi method and Modified Nominal Group Technique. Results A long‐list of 116 potential core outcomes was developed by combining the outcomes reported in 79 pre‐eclampsia trials with those derived from thematic analysis of 30 in‐depth interviews of women with lived experience of pre‐eclampsia. Forty‐seven consensus outcomes were identified from the Delphi process following which 14 maternal and eight offspring core outcomes were agreed at the consensus development meeting. Maternal core outcomes: death, eclampsia, stroke, cortical blindness, retinal detachment, pulmonary oedema, acute kidney injury, liver haematoma or rupture, abruption, postpartum haemorrhage, raised liver enzymes, low platelets, admission to intensive care required, and intubation and ventilation. Offspring core outcomes: stillbirth, gestational age at delivery, birthweight, small‐for‐gestational‐age, neonatal mortality, seizures, admission to neonatal unit required and respiratory support. Conclusions The core outcome set for pre‐eclampsia should underpin future randomised trials and systematic reviews. Such implementation should ensure that future research holds the necessary reach and relevance to inform clinical practice, enhance women's care and improve the outcomes of pregnant women and their babies

Basic nutrients and element contents of white cheese of diyarbakir in turkey

Basic nutrients, moisture, fat and protein, and concentrations of 15 major and trace elements in total and fatty parts of Diyarbakir white cheese were evaluated for compositional differences. Elements were determined using inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometry, while fat was determined by supercritical extraction and protein by protein/nitrogen analyzer. Diyarbakir brine and melt cheeses have lower humidity and higher protein than market brine cheese samples. The fat level was 14-18% for all cheeses. The levels of investigated major and trace elements were much higher in three types of cheese samples. Except for Zn and Mn, the other investigated elements were found in fairly low concentrations and at variable ranges in the fatty part of cheese samples. The elements, Mg among major elements and Fe among trace elements, were highest in that part. Na and Ca as major and Zn, Fe and Al as trace elements were found at maximum levels, especially in Diyarbakir melt cheese. Also, levels correlations between basic nutrients, basic nutrients and elements and element pairs were investigated. (C) 2003 Published by Elsevier Ltd