A study on the bıoactıvıty of plant extracts obtaıned from Arum maculatum leaves by dıfferent extractıon technıques

Arum maculatum is a highly known plant worldwide for traditional use. The aim of this study is to evaluate the bioactivity of the plant extract obtained using different techniques and solutions. Total fenolic, flavonoid components and antioxidant, antimicrobial and enzyme inhibition activity of the plant extracts (Boiling in water, fermenting in water and USB in methanol) were investigated. Additionally, oil components of the extracts was analysed in GC-MS. As a result of the GC-MS analysis, 18 different fatty acid were determined. Major fatty acid components of extracts were palmitic acid (19.57%), oleic acid (15.25%), linoleic acid (21.84%) and alpha-linolenic acid (15.95%). The plant extracts were also found to be consisting of omega 3-6-9 fatty acid. The results showed that methanolic extracts in USB is produced better and more effective findings than the other extracts. According to the antimicrobial activity experiments, E. coli and S. aureus were the only strains inhibited by the all extracts obtained three different methods. The highest inhibition was recorded against Bacillus subtilis with USB methanol extracts. The only antifungal activity was observed against C. albicans with extracts obtained by boiling in water. Enzyme inhibition activity was very limited with all extracts. Amylase activity was slightly inhibited (14.1%) up to 30 min

Alkaline thermostable and halophilic endoglucanase from Bacillus licheniformis C108

An endoglucanase was purified from halophilic alkaline Bacillus  licheniformis isolated from soils of Lake Van in Turkey. The optimal pH and temperature of the endoglucanase produced by B.licheniformis C108 were 10.0 and 30°C, respectively. The enzyme was highly stable up to 100°C at pH 10.0 and the enzyme retained its complete activity for 6 h in 7 to10% of NaCl. The activity of the enzyme was significantly inhibited by sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS), Triton X-100, zinc chloride (ZnCl2),phenylmethanesulfonylfluoride (PMSF) and Urea. The partially purified enzyme revealed that, products of carboxymethylcellulosic hydrolysis were glucose, cellobiose and other longer cellooligosaccharides. Thermostability, alkalinity, halostability and high hydrolytic capability make this enzyme a potential candidate for environmental bioremedetion and bioethanol production processes from cellulosic biomasses as well as waste treatment processes.Key words: Cellulose, Bacillus licheniformis, CMCase, endoglucanase, halostable

Kâğıt geri dönüşümünde enzim ve ultrasonik enerji kullanımı

Medeniyetin kurulmasında, bilgi depolama ve aktarımında tartısmasız bir yeri olan kâğıt, günümüzde artık çok çesitli amaçlar için hayatın her kademesinde yer almakta, giderek tüketimi inanılmaz boyutlara ulasmaktadır. Kâğıt sektöründe hammadde problemine çözüm için, sürdürülebilir ormancılık çalısmalarından daha ziyade, sürdürülebilir geri dönüsüm teknolojilerini gelistirmek gerekmektedir. Bu anlamda atık sınıfına giren kâğıtın, lifler dısında bulunan bütün bilesenlerini en ekonomik ve çevreci metotlarla ayırmak son derece önemlidir. Bu çalısmada, toner baskılı ofis kâğıtlarının mürekkep ve kirliliklerinden arındırılmasında enzim ve ultrasonik enerji kullanımı konusunda elde edilen bazı sonuçlar tartısılmıs ve geri dönüsüm açısından kâğıt sektörü çevresel açıdan irdelenmistir.Paper has undeniable key roles in establishing civilization, archiving and transferring knowledge. Paper is in all parts of daily life for different purposes today and its consumption is getting at unbelievable level. For solving the problems related to insufficient raw materials, the sustainable recycling technologies should be developed rather than concentrating on sustainable forestry practices. In this sense, extracting all materials from waste papers with economical and environmentally friendly methods are extremely important. In this study, some results obtained from an experimental study carried out on the deinking of toner printed office papers with the help of enzymes and ultrasonic energy were discussed and paper industry was examined in respect to recycling and environment

Palladium-Catalyzed Direct α‑C(sp3) Heteroarylation of Ketones 2 under Microwave Irradiation

Heteroaryl compounds are valuable building blocks in medicinal chemistry and chemical industry. A palladium-catalyzed direct α-C(sp3) heteroarylation of ketones under microwave irradiation is developed and reported in this study. Under optimized conditions, twentyeight (28) heteroarylated ketones were prepared in this study to demonstrate the substrate scope of this reaction. The ground-state optimized structure of Pd(0) active catalyst with 2-dicyclohexylphosphino-2′,4′,6′-triisopropylbiphenyl (XPhos) in toluene, and the products of its reaction with 3-bromopyridine and acetophone were studied using all-atom density functional theory. This study provided insightful information for palladium catalytic system design to generate heteroaryl compounds

Klinik örneklerden PZR için nükleik asit ekstraksiyonu

Polymer zincir reaksiyonu (PZR), yüksek oranda özgüllüğü, hassasiyeti ve sonuçların çabuk alınmasından dolayı yaygın bir şekilde kullanılmaktadır. Fakat, PZR temelli teşhisin en büyük engeli klinik örneklerdeki çeşitli bileşenlerden kaynaklanan reaksiyonun inhibisyonudur. Tıbbi mikrobiyolojideki PZR teşhisi için rağbet, etkili nükleik asit extraksiyonu ihtiyacı artırmıştır. Mikrobiyal nükleik asit saflaştırılması ve kolaylığı açısından bir çok ilerleme yapılmış olmasına rağmen, çoğu metod hala bir çok örnek için günlük kullanıma uygun olmayıp genel bir metod geliştirilmemiştir. Bu çalışmada bugüne kadar kullanılan ekstraksiyon prosedürlerinin bazı temel prensibleri ve nükleik asit ekstraksiyonlarının mevcut durumu kısaca özetlenmiştir.Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) has been widely used due to its high specificity, sensitivity, and rapid turn-around time. However, the major limitation of PCR based diagnosis is inhibition of the reaction caused by a variety of components within clinical specimens. The demand for PCR diagnosis in medical microbiology has highlighted the need for efficient methods of nucleic acid extraction. Although there has been progress in the simplification and purification of microbial nucleic acids, many researchers' procedures are still inconvenient for routine use with any specimen and a universal method has not been devised yet. In this review, some of the basic principles for extraction procedures that have been used to date and the present situation of nucleic acid extraction are summarized

Bacillus sp. X13 suşundan multifonksiyonel endoksilanaz üretimi ve karakterizasyonu

Topraktan multifonksiyonel endoksilanaz üreten Bacillus sp. X13 suşu izole edilmiştir. Enzim sentezi optimum 37 °C olmak üzere 20 ile 60 °C arasında gerçekleşmiştir. SDS-PAGE analizinde, 66,5 kDa, 80,6 kDa, 95,5 kDa ve 108,4 kDa olarak hesaplanan 4 aktif enzim bandı gözlenmiştir. Enzim optimum aktivitesi 40 °C olup 20-90 °C arasında geniş bir sıcaklık aralığına sahiptir ve maksimum aktivitesi ise pH 6,0 olarak bulunmuştur. İnkübasyon sıcaklığı arttıkça enzim kalan aktivitede giderek artan bir düşüş göstermiştir. Sıcaklık stabilitesi Ca+2 varlığında dahi artmamıştır. Enzim pH 3,6 ile 10,0 arasında 1 saat inkübe edildiğinde kalan aktivite ortalama % 71 olarak elde edilmiştir. Enzim üre ile yüksek oranda inhibe olurken Triton X-100, CaCl2, ZnCl2, KCl, Na2SO3 PMSF ve 2-Merkaptoetanol varlığında çok düşük oranda etkilenmiştir. Bu çalışmada enzimin belirlenen özellikleri bu enzimin endüstriyel kullanımında potansiyel bir tercih sebebi olabilir.A multifunctional endoxylanase producing Bacillus sp. was isolated from soil. Enzyme synthesis occurred at temperatures between 20 °C and 60 °C with an optimum 37 °C. Analysis of the enzyme by SDS-PAGE revealed 4 active enzyme bands, which were estimated to be 66.5 kDa, 80.6 kDa, 95.5 kDa, and 108.4 kDa. The enzyme has a broad temperature range, between 20 and 90 °C, with an optimum at 40 °C; and maximum activity was at pH 6.0. The enzyme showed a gradual decrease in the remaining activity as the pre-incubation temperature increase. Thermostability was not also increased in the presence of Ca2+. An average of 71% of remaining activity observed when the enzyme incubated between pH 3.6 and 10 for 1 h. The enzyme was highly inhibited by urea, and fairly inhibited by Triton X-100, CaCl2, ZnCl2, KCl, Na2SO3 PMSF, and 2-Mercaptoethanol. The properties of the enzyme presented in this study suggest that this enzyme could be a potential industrial interest

Production and characterization of multifunctional endoxylanase by Bacillus sp X13

WOS: 000271434700008A multifunctional endoxylanase producing Bacillus sp. was isolated from soil. Enzyme synthesis occurred at temperatures between 20 degrees C and 60 degrees C with an optimum 37 degrees C. Analysis of the enzyme by SDS-PAGE revealed 4 active enzyme bands, which were estimated to be 66.5 kDa, 80.6 kDa, 95.5 kDa, and 108.4 kDa. The enzyme has a broad temperature range, between 20 and 90 degrees C, with an optimum at 40 degrees C; and maximum activity was at pH 6.0. The enzyme showed a gradual decrease in the remaining activity as the pre-incubation temperature increase. Thermostability was not also increased in the presence of Ca2+. An average of 71% of remaining activity observed when the enzyme incubated between pH 3.6 and 10 for 1 h. The enzyme was highly inhibited by urea, and fairly inhibited by Triton X-100, CaCl2, ZnCl2, KCl, Na2SO3 PMSF, and 2-Mercaptoethanol. The properties of the enzyme presented in this study suggest that this enzyme could be a potential industrial interest.Cukurova University Scientific ResearchCukurova University [FBE 2003-D-18]This work was made possible by the support of Cukurova University Scientific Research Project Fund (FBE 2003-D-18). The authors would like to thank Dr. Emin Ozkose and Mr. Mustafa Tomak for some material they supplied

Haloalkalafil bacıllus sp. izolasyonu, amilaz, selülaz ve ksilanaz enzimlerinin üretimi, karakterizasyonu ve biyoteknolojik uygulamalarda kullanılabilirliği

TEZ6604Tez (Doktora) -- Çukurova Üniversitesi, Adana, 2008.Kaynakça (s.157-175) var.xvi, 186 s. : res. ; 29 cm.In this study, the amylase, cellulase, xylanase enzymes from Bacillus sp. strains isolated from Van lake soil were produced and characterized. The strains were tested for determination of temperature, pH range and NaCl concentration for growth and enzyme production on plate. Molecular weight of the amylase from Bacillus sp.AB-17 was estimated as 66.25 and 58 kDa on SDS-PAGE. The optimum activity was obtained at 150oC, pH 10.5. the enzyme also presented halophilic properties with an activity around 67% between 0.5-3.4M NaCl concentration. Molecular weight of the Endoglucanase from Bacillus sp.C14 was detected as 61kDa on SDS-PAGE, and the optimum enzyme activity was obtained at 50oC, pH 11.0. Maximum endoglucanase activity (%133) was recorded at 20% (3.4M) NaCl. On the other hand the xylanase from Bacillus sp.X13 presented and optimum activity at 40oC and pH 6.0. The enzyme was 100% stable between pH 5.0-6.0 for 15 min. The enzyme was consist of 4 unit as 108.4, 95.5, 80.6 ve 68.5 kDa on SDS-PAGE.selülaz ve ksilanaz enzimi izolasyonu ve karakterizasyonu gerçekleştirilmiştir. Bu amaçla bakterilerin besiyerlerinde üreme ve enzim üretme yetenekleri ve aktivite gösterdiği optimum sıcaklık, pH ve NaCl konsantrasyonu saptanmıştır. Bacillus sp. AB-17 suşundan üretilen amilazın SDS-PAGE analizinde iki band elde edilmiş ve moleküler ağırlıkları 66.25 ve 58 kDa olarak belirlenmiştir. Enzim, optimum aktivitesini 150ºC ve pH 10.5'da gösterirken, 0.5-3.4M NaCl'de ortalama %67'lik aktivite ile halofil özellikte olduğu saptanmıştır. Bacillus sp.C-14 suşundan izole edilen endoglukanaz enzimin molekül ağırlığı 61 kDa olarak belirlenmiş, optimum aktivite ise 50 C'de pH 11.0'de görülmüştür. Maksimum enzim aktivitesi %20 (3.4M) NaCl konsantrasyonunda (%133) elde edilmiştir. Bacillus sp X13 suşundan elde edilen ksilanaz enziminin optimum aktivitesi 40ºC de pH 6.0'da gerçekleşmiştir. Enzim pH 5.0-6.0 aralığında 15 dk süreyle aktivitesini %100 koruyabilmiş, SDS-PAGE analizinde ise moleküler ağırlıkları 108.4, 95.5, 80.6 ve 68.5 kDa olan dört band tespit edilmiştir.Bu çalışma Ç.Ü. Bilimsel Araştırma Projeleri Birimi Tarafından Desteklenmiştir. Proje No:FBE2003D1

Isolation Of Moderately Halofilic Bacillus Sp. Producing Amilase, Cellulase And Xylanase And Determination Of Optimum Growth And Enzyme Production

Van gölü kıyı şeridinden 20 farklı bölgeden alınan toprak örneklerinde toplam 242 bakteri izolasyonu yapılmış ve bunlardan 76’sı amilaz üreten (%31.66), 35’i selülaz üreten (%14.6), 32’si ksilanaz üreten (%13.2) özellikte suş olduğu belirlenmiştir. Bu suşlar içinden en iyi üreme ve enzim sentezini gösteren suşlar seçilerek identifiye edilmiştir. Amilaz üretimi için seçilen katı besiyerinde Bacillus sp.AB-17 suşu en iyi pH 9.5’de 37oC’de ve %7 tuz konsantrasyonunda üreme ve enzim üretimini gerçekleştirdiği bulunmuştur. Selülaz için seçilen Bacillus sp.C-14 suşu, pH 8.5-9.5 aralığında 37oC’de %3 tuz konsantrasyonunda üreme ve enzim üretimini gerçekleştirdiği saptanmıştır. Ksilanaz enzimi için seçilen Bacillus sp.X-13 suşu ise pH 6.0-7.0 aralığında 40oC’de en iyi üreme ve enzim sentezlediği saptanmıştır