AN INVESTIGATION OF SPORT MANAGEMENT: A BIBLIOMETRIC ANALYSIS (1979-2022)

Sports management has been regarded as a key element in the planning process of education of sports and sports organizations, which have particularly evolved on a macro scale with the developing technology and economic growth. Macro development has also been prevalent in incremental scientific studies on sports education and management areas. In the present study, which employs qualitative research design, 1792 documents embracing more than 40 years on sports management in the databases such as Scopus and Web of Science, were analyzed using the bibliometric analysis technique. The findings, while urging upon the inclusive nature of the research, are a prepotent agent in designating the (a) countries, (b) journals, (c) authors, (d) universities and (e) impact factors studying on sports management. The results have revealed that it is in the first three places in the citation and journal ranking of the "Sport Management Review, European Sport Management Quarterly and Journal of Sport Management" journals, where the studies on sports management are at the highest level in 2021 are evaluated. It is clear that the rate of scientific production and citation numbers of America, Australia and United Kingdom is in parallel with the first three journals. While it is obvious that the most cited work belongs to "Funk and James (2001)" in the "Sport Management Review" journal, it proves that the journal order, citation rates, author order and scientific production are parallel for all variables.

Doğal meralanrdan toplanan ak üçgül (trifolium repens L.) Genotiplerinin performanslarının belirlenmesi

This study was conducted to fine out morphological and physiological characteristics of white clover genotypes obtained from different location of Eastern Anatolia pastures. Similarities/dissimilarities in white clover genotypes and plant characteristics’ by principle components analysis were made. Plant height as a depended variable the effect of criteria on plant height and critic the best model to calcify genotype were made in white clover. As a result, wide variations were determined in not only plant characteristics but also genotypes. This was variation in other word genetic differentiations. Genetic differentiation on genotypes in white clover could help plant selection in white clover breeding present. Study showed that white clover breeding may be based on erect and prostrate plant selection. Plant characteristics and genotypes were classified in five certain groups on plant height.Bu çalışmada Doğu Anadolu mera alanlarından toplanan ak üçgül(Trifolium repens L.) genotiplerinin fizyolojik ve morfolojik karakterlerinin incelenmesi amacıyla yapılmıştır. Ak üçgül genotiplerinin benzerlik ve farklılıkları principle component analizi yoluyla yapılmıştır Bitki boyu bağımlı değişken olarak kabul edilerek genotipler değerlendirilmiş, genofipler arasındaki farkı ise en iyi şekilde ortaya koyan model olarak bu model kullanılmıştır. Sonuç olarak sadece bitki özellikleri arasında değil bitki genotipleri arasında da geniş bir varyasyon tespit edilmiştir. Diğer bir deyişle bu farklılık genetik bir varyasyondur. Ak üçgül genotipleri içerisindeki genetik farklılık ıslahta bitki seçiminde yardımcı olacaktır. Bu çalışma bitki ıslahında dik ve yatık bitkilerin seçileceğini göstermiştir. Genotipler bitki karakteristiklerine göre belli başlı beş gurupta toplanmıştı

A design support tool for variable building skins in the scope of sustainable architecture

Bu çalışmada, kullanıcıların farklı gereksinmelerine ve dış etmenlerin dinamik karakterine uyum sağlayabilen değişken yapı kabuklarına yönelik bir tasarım destek sistemi geliştirilmeye çalışılmıştır. Yöntemin hedef kitlesini, yapı kabuğu tasarımını yapan mimar ve mühendisler oluşturmaktadır. Tasarımcı, önerilen yöntemi kullanarak, kendi tasarımını uygulanmış örneklerden elde edeceği bilgiler doğrultusunda yönlendirebilme olanağına sahiptir. Çalışmada, sürdürülebilir mimarlığın yapı kabuğu alanında uygulanma stratejilerinden biri olarak ele alınan değişkenlik üzerinde durulmuştur. Yapı kabuklarında ortaya çıkan değişkenlik ihtiyacı açıklanmıştır. Değişken yapı kabukları için kullanılabilecek tasarım destek sisteminin ilk adımını, uygulamalardaki farklı alanlara ait değişkenlik/esneklik seçeneklerinin/çözümlerinin ayrı birer tabloda listelenmesi ve puanlandırılması oluşturmaktadır. Herhangi bir yapı elemanının karşılamakla görevli olduğu fonksiyonların/alt amaçların önem dereceleri aynı düzeyde olmayabilir. Öncelik gösteren fonksiyonlara/alt amaçlara bağıl ağırlık değerlerinin atanması, yöntemin ikinci adımını oluşturmaktadır. Önceki adımlarda elde edilen verileri kullanarak sistemin toplam değerinin ortaya çıkarıldığı son aşamada tüm alt amaç/fonksiyon puanları, değişkenlik puanları ve amaç/fonksiyon ağırlıkları bir tabloda gösterilir. Her amaç/fonksiyon değeri bu veriler kullanılarak elde edilir. Alt amaçları fonksiyonlar ve toplam amaç/fonksiyon değerlerindeki sapma, sistemlerdeki değişkenlik özelliklerinden dolayı ortaya çıkmaktadır. Değer sapma miktarının az olması, amaç/fonksiyon yönünden uygulanan değişkenliğin alt düzeyde, fazla olması ise üst düzeyde olduğunu belirtmektedir. Minimum ve maksimum değerler arasındaki fark, sistemin potansiyel değişkenliğinin amaçları/fonksiyonları karşılama kapasitesini göstermektedir. Anahtar Kelimeler: Yapı kabukları, cephe, sürdürülebilirlik, kullanıcı konforu, değişkenlik, tasarım.In this study, a design support tool for variable building skins which can be adapted to the dynamic character of external conditions and user requirements has been developed. The target users of this method are architects and engineers who design the building skin. The designer has the possibility to direct his/her design with the information which is obtained from the evaluation of the applied examples. Any building has four phases; that are production phase, occupancy phase, renovation-regain phase and destruction phase. In this study, the proposed method is developed for the use in the design stage focusing the occupancy phase. The variability of the building skins and the need for the variability has been researched. The functional variability areas of the building envelopes are; the permeability for air and sound, energy conservation/ gain, solar control and natural light. There can be two types of variability for the building element; the first one is the variability by which a component is replaced with another one, and the second one is the variability by which no replacement is occurred. The second one is divided into five groups; which is addition, removal, thicken, thinning and position/condition change. The proposed design support tool for variable building skins consists of three phase: In the first phase, variable alternatives/solutions for the objectives/functions have to be listed and scored in separated tables. A five point scale is used to give score for the alternatives/solutions according to the objectives/functions. In the second phase, every objective/function has to be weighted and given relative weighting scores. For giving relative weighting scores, each objective/function has to be compared against each other. In the last phase, the scores of the alternatives/solutions for the objectives/functions have to be multiplied by the relative weighting scores of the objectives/functions. In this manner, the sub-and total values of the alternatives/solutions according to the objectives/functions can be attained. The proposed method has been tested with ten built façade examples. The examples have been chosen from different countries and have different variable properties in point of the functional criteria of the building skins. The criteria are the permeability for air and sound, energy conservation/gain, solar control and natural light. The outcomes of the study can be summarized as follows: The difference of the values of the objectives/functions is occurred because of the variable properties of the systems. The amount of the value differences points out the capacity of the potential variability of the systems for meeting the objectives/functions. For optimum use of the capacity of the potential systems variability for meeting the objectives/functions, the users/occupants should be informed about the effects of the potential variability conditions of the systems for manual use and/or computer aided systems can be used for the adjustment of the systems. Generally, the priority of the objectives/functions of any building elements differs from each other. The designer should consider the conditions every time he/she is given any design work and give suitable weights for the objectives/functions. The number and details of the selected examples are determinant factors for the method because of the need for obtained information from the examples. In the light of this information, the designer can have the possibility to direct his/her design with effective decisions. In this study, the selected building skin examples have variability properties with no replacement, and the variability is achieved with position/condition change. In the future, when the elements and components are standardized and modularized, other types of variability can become prevalent and the capacity of potential variability increase. Despite of the proposed method was developed for the evaluation of the potential variability of the building skin; it contains properties for designers who aim to evaluate the effects of the variability of other building elements/components according to relevant objectives/functions. Keywords: Building skins, facade, sustainability, user comfort, variability, design

A rule-based method proposal for the preparation of refurbishment projects in the example of bank branches

Belirli bir sistematiğe sahip olması gereken tadilat, günümüzde alışılagelmiş olarak yapılmaktadır. Çalışma kapsamında bu durumun yapıda işlev bozukluklarına, ekonomik kayıplara, yapılan işlerin tekrarlanmasına, verimin ve uygulama kalitesinin düşmesine neden olduğu açıklanarak uygulayıcı konumunda olanların daha etkin tadilat yapabilmeleri için sistem ve performans yaklaşımlarından yararlanarak, banka şubesi örneğinde kurala dayalı bir proje hazırlama yöntemi önerilmiştir. Bu çalışmanın özü, eldeki çok sayıda gerçekleştirilmiş projeden yararlanıp bir tadilat kuralları seti oluşturmaktır. Bu çalışmanın amacı, tadilatın daha bilinçli yapılabilmesi, zamana bağlı olarak değişen gereksinmelere binanın uyarlanması ve bu uyarlama yapılırken kayıpların azalmasını sağlayacak yeterli yapısal çözümlerin ortaya konmasını sağlamaktır. Çalışmanın konusunu oluşturan yeniden kullanım ve tadilat projeleri hakkında daha önceden hazırlanmış olan benzer akademik çalışmalar örnekleri ile birlikte belirtilmiştir. Bankalar örneğinde türleri, varolan süreç anlatılmış; uygulamaların pratikte nasıl yapıldığı açıklanmış, olumlu ve olumsuz yönleri karşılaştırılmıştır. Tadilat gerektiren koşullara, bu koşullardaki gereksinimlere ve bu gereksinimlere yanıt veren çözümlere ayrıntılı biçimde değinilmiştir. Tablolar oluşturularak koşullar, gereksinimler ve çözümler kodlanmıştır. Bu kodların aktarıldığı bir kurallar tablosu oluşturulmuştur. Bu kurallar tablosu tadilat projesi hazırlanırken hangi koşul için hangi gereksinimi hangi çözümle karşılayabileceğini tasarımcıya gösteren bir kılavuz niteliğindedir. Son bölümde önerilen yöntemin gerekçesi açıklanmış ve ileride nasıl geliştirilebileceği, ne faydalar sağlayabileceğinden bahsedilmiştir. Anahtar Kelimeler: Yeniden kullanım, yeniden işlevlendirme, banka şubesi tadilatı, tadilat, performans gereksinimleri, kullanıcı gereksinimleri, binanın işlevi, kullanım değişikliği.Structure need to provide the most proper conditions because of changing and varying human needs which require special conditions. Continuous developments in technology and science create an almost own living structure concept. All of these developments bring about conversion and change obligation of structures in terms of products, function and technology. Anew functioning for restoration of accomplished environment needs to have many disciplines in harmony even without historical value. Restoration project must be able to respond the needs of employer, practitioner and users. Errors made during production process, restoration project is necessary to prevent those deficiencies. Any unforeseen structural or design problems in project process could lead termination of restoration that may cause economic losses and other liabilities under construction. The refurbishment which should have a certain systematic is implemented at the present day as a usual function. Companies are often forced to create their own system. Therefore, the effectiveness of renovation is reducing. Working under these conditions causes to the function defects on the structure, economic losses, repetition of the work, efficiency and application quality degradations. There is several method of systematic and performance approaches in order to teach more efficient amendments to implementers. The aim of this work is to create a refurbishment rules set which is benefited from numerous projects. The purpose of this study is to show that refurbishment can be made more aware, depending on the time changing needs of adaptation and while adaptation is processing structural solutions are to be exposed to losses reduction. In this study, the whole renovation project preparation procedures are specified and their positive and negative aspects and major renovations steps have been mentioned. Forming the subject of re-use and refurbishment projects that have been previously prepared samples with similar academic studies are indicated. In the case of banks, types, existing processes have been described, explained how to do practical applications, positive and negative aspects were compared. Suggestions, methods and details of the steps have been explained. Requiring refurbishment conditions, requirements in terms and the solutions of these requirements have been discussed detailed. Statements by creating conditions, requirements and solutions have been encoded. The rule table which the codes were transferred has been composed. This rule table is a nature guide for the designer while refurbishment project are being prepared for which conditions which need solutions which can meet. While preparing a renovation project, there would be an applicable refurbishment project with up to date solutions along proper needs and there would be no systematic returns for imagining. In the last chapter, the rationale of recommended method has been explained along with other proposed methods of assessment with positive and negative aspects how we develop in the future, what benefits it may have been mentioned. Suggested methods, adequate analysis of the requirements is provided with qualified projects, experts in the profession by the professional staff by implement the renovation project prepared a standard implementation ensuring convergence, so the existing problems that minimize qualified, adequate solutions is expected to be reached with minimum cost constantly. If this method can be implemented as a computer program, this would help to have more efficient results about more type of structures quickly. Keywords: Refurbishment methods, refurbishment of bank branches, reuse, renewal, refurbishment, renovation

Presentation of a case: corpus callosum ınfarct associated with hypoglycemia, presenting with psychiatric finding

A 54 years old female patient, presenting with psychiatric symptoms, after which corpus callosum infarct was detected is presented with the clinical, laboratory and radiological findings here. The patient, who did not have any psychiatric complaints before was evaluated because of personality changes and sleepy state starting 3 days before and disturbance in gait and speech of one day's duration. Previously she had a diagnosis of diabetes mellitus. Blood glucose was 45 mg/dL. An increase in signal intensity reciprocal to ADC in the corpus callosum was detected in cerebral diffusion magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). The psychiatric findings in this case were considered as “acute and temporary schizoid personality disorder” that may be explained by an underlying organic cause according to DSM-IV. The clinical symptoms that arise from corpus callosum abnormalities are variable. A psychiatric picture develops in approximately one thirds of the cases. On the other hand, corpus callosum infarct presenting with pure psychiatric findings are rarely observed in the literature. This case was considered interesting because of the temporal association between corpus callosum infarct and psychiatric symptoms in the context of coexistent hypoglycemia and left anterior cerebral artery occlusion

Analysing Motivations for Sports Consumption of Students at School of Physical Education and Sports

In this study, the objective is to analyse the motivation for sports consumption of university students. The study group consists of 178 students in School of Physical Education and Sports. As data collection tool in the research, Personal Information Form and Motivation Scale for Sport Consumption” developed by Trail and James (2001) and adapted into Turkish by Tok (2004) have been used. Independent samples t-test and variance analysis are used for independent groups. There are significant differences in favour of female in the sub-dimension of family and in favour of students studying at sports management in the sub-dimension of knowledge and skills on the scores of motivation scale for sport consumption. While the averages are high at people living in the cities in the sub-dimension of social, the averages are low at people living in towns. According to findings of the research, it has been thought that consumption requirement arising with motives and motivation phenomenon plays an active role in motivation behaviour of the sports in line with the requirements of the individuals such as socialization, self-proofing and self-acceptance

Causality relationship between macroeconomic variables and Borsa Istanbul: Toda-Yamamoto test

Hisse senetleri tasarruf sahiplerinin en önemli yatırım araçlarından birisidir. Bu nedenle, hisse senetlerinin gelecek fiyatlarının tahmin edilmesi, yatırımcılar açısından önem arz etmekte ve yüksek getiri imkanları sunmaktadır. Fakat hisse senedi fiyatlarını etkileyen birçok makroekonomik ve finansal faktör mevcuttur. Bu çalışmada, makroekonomik faktörler ele alınmakta ve finansal piyasalar ile arasındaki ilişkilerin ortaya konulması amaçlanmaktadır. Bu amaçla, finansal piyasaların bir göstergesi olarak BISTTUM endeksi ile makroekonomik faktörlerden, Tüketici Fiyatları Endeksi (TÜFE), Brent Petrol, Dolar Endeksi (DXY), Para Arzı (M2), Sanayi Üretim Endeksi (SUE), 1Yıllık ve 10 Yıllık Tahvil Faiz oranları seçilerek ele alınmıştır. Analizlerde, ARDL sınır testi ve Toda-Yamamoto Nedensellik Testi ile ilişkilerin varlığı ve varsa hangi yönde ilişkinin olduğu tespit edilmiştir. Bu çalışmayla finansal piyasalara yatırım yapmak isteyen yatırımcılara ve bu alanda çalışmalar yapan araştırmacılara kaynak olması amaçlanmıştır.Stocks are one of the most important investment tools of investors. For this reason, estimating the future prices of stocks is important for investors and offers high return opportunities. However, there are many macroeconomic and financial factors that affect stock prices. In this study, the macroeconomic factors are considered and it is aimed to analyse their effects on financial markets. For this purpose, Borsa İstanbul 100 index as an indicator of financial markets and macroeconomic factors which are Consumer Price Index (CPI), Brent Oil, Dollar Index (DXY), Money Supply (M2), Industrial Production Index (SUE), 1-Year and 10-Year Bonds Interest rates are discussed. In the analyses, the existence and, if any, directions of the relationship are analysed with ARDL bounds test and Toda-Yamamoto Causality Test. With this study, it is aimed to be a resource for investors who want to invest in financial markets and researchers working in this field

Ice Hockey Players Reasons And Their Tendency Of Participation In That Branch In Turkey

Bu araştırmada; Türkiye de buz hokeyi sporuyla ilgilenen sporcuların bu alanı seçerken yönelmelerinde etkili olan faktörlerin neler olduğu ve branşa katılımlarında etkili olan nedenler ortaya konulmaya çalışılmıştır. Araştırma Türkiye de buz hokeyi salonlarının bulunduğu 5 farklı ilde; Ankara, Erzurum, İzmir, Kocaeli ve İstanbul illerinde aktif olarak buz hokeyi sporuyla ilgilenen toplam 540 sporcu oluşturmaktadır. Araştırmada kişisel sorular ve ölçek kullanılmıştır. Elde edilen verilerin çözümlenmesinde SPSS 20.0 paket programı kullanılmıştır. Buz hokeyi sporcularının kişisel sorulara vermiş oldukları cevaplar yüzde ve frekanslara göre yorumlanmıştır. Buz hokeyi sporcularının katılım güdüsü ölçeğinin her maddesine vermiş oldukları cevapların ayrı ayrı aritmetik ortalaması yapılmıştır. Ait olduğu alt boyuta göre puanlaması yapılarak, spora yönelme nedenleri belirlenmiştir. Sporcuların kişisel sorular ile ikinci bölümdeki katılım güdüsü ölçeğinin alt boyutlarıyla ilişkilerini incelemek amacıyla ikili karşılaştırmalar için Mann&#8208;Whitney U Testi iki veya daha fazla grubun karşılaştırılmasında Kruskal&#8208;Wallis H testlerinden faydalanılmıştır. İstatistik analizlerinin karşılaştırılmasında, p<0,05 anlamlılık düzeyi dikkate alınmıştır. Sonuç olarak Türkiye de buz hokeyi sporcularının Beceri Gelişimi, Takım Çalışması, Branşta Yükselmek, Takımla Olmak amacıyla branşa yöneldikleri, spora katılmalarındaki en önemli alt boyutların Beceri Gelişimi, Takım Üyeliği/Ruhu, Hareket Etme/Aktif Olma olduğu bulunmuştur.This research investigates the factors which have influence in tendency of sportsmen, who are interested in ice&#8208;hockey, when they decided on this branch, and the reasons behind their participation in ice&#8208;hockey. The research participants constitute of 540 sportsmen actively participating in ice&#8208;hockey from five different city where there is an ice&#8208;hockey rink; Ankara, Erzurum, Izmir, Kocaeli and Istanbul. In this research, a questionnaire and personal questions were used, and the results based on this questionnaire and were analyzed via SPSS 20.0 program. The answers given for personal questions were interpreted by percentage and frequency. As for the questionnaire, arithmetic mean of each answer given for each questions in the questionnaire valuating the tendency of sportsmen was calculated separately. By scoring in accordance with the sub&#8208;dimensions, reasons behind the tendency were clarified.In an attempt to evaluate the consistency between personal questions and the sub&#8208;dimensions of the tendency questionnaire held in the second part, for comparison of two groups Mann&#8208;Whitney U Test, for comparing two or more groups Kruskal&#8208;Wallis H Test was used. Or comparing data, p<0,05 significance level are taken into consideration. In conclusion, the findings indicate that the ice&#8208;hockey players in Turkey tend towards the branch with the purpose of Skill improvement, Teamwork, Being qualified in the branch, Being a part of team and that the most outstanding sub&#8208;dimensions behind the tendency to participate in sports are Skill improvement, Team membership/Spirit and Moving/Being active

Development of a reconfigurable control loading system for helicopter flight simulator

Bu çalışmada helikopter uçuş simülatörleri için yüksek doğrulukta Kumanda Yükleme Sisteminin (KYS) tasarımı ve prototip üretimi gerçekleştirilmiştir. KYS, uçuş simülatörlerinin önemli alt sistemlerindendir ve pilotlara kuvvet tepkisi uygulayarak uçuşun dokunsal algı yoluyla hissedilmesini sağlar. Helikopterde, kontrol yüzeylerini hareket ettirmek için kumanda uvuzlarına pilotlar tarafından kuvvet uygulanması gerekir. Simülatörde ise kumanda uzuvlarını hareket ettirmek için uygulanması gereken kuvvetler KYS eyleyicileri tarafından üretilir. Bu yüzden de KYS, helikopter mekanik uçuş kontrol donanımı ile statik ve dinamik olarak aynı davranmalıdır. Simüle edilen kuvvetlerin doğruluğu uçuş simülatörünün sertifikasyonu açısından önemli rol oynamaktadır. Farklı simülatör ve helikopter modellerine kolayca uyarlanabilmesi açısından KYS'nin parametrik olması önemlidir. Bu çalışma aynı zamanda test amacı ile araştırma simülatörü geliştirilmesi için gerekli olan helikopter matematiksel modellemesi ve görsel sistemin oluşturulması ve tüm bu sistemlerin entegrasyonunu da içermektedir. KYS ve simülatörün tasarım, donanım ve yazılım bileşenleri tüm sistem yapısı ile birlikte anlatılmaktadır.The focus of this study is on the development of a high-fidelity electro-mechanical Control Loading System (CLS) for a helicopter simulator.CLS is one of the major components of a flight simulator. It is used for providing realistic force feedback to pilots. The pilot in a real aircraft feels the forces acting on control surfaces through cockpit controls. During simulation, these forces are produced by CLS actuators. For that reason, the CLS must behave exactly like the aircraft control hardware statically and dynamically. The fidelity of the force feel simulation is a key criterion for flight simulation certification. It is also important that a CLS design is reconfigurable and modular such that it conforms easily to different simulator models and simulations of different aircrafts. The study also includes helicopter mathematical modeling and visual system integration of a research simulator for testing purposes. Design and selection of hardware and software components of the CLS and the simulator are presented along with the overall system architecture

Visuo-Haptic Mixed Reality Simulation Using Unbound Handheld Tools

Visuo-haptic mixed reality (VHMR) adds virtual objects to a real scene and enables users to see and also touch them via a see-through display and a haptic device. Most studies with kinesthetic feedback use general-purpose haptic devices, which require the user to continuously hold an attached stylus. This approach constrains users to the mechanical limits of the device even when it is not needed. In this paper, we propose a novel VHMR concept with an encountered-type haptic display (ETHD), which consists of a precision hexapod positioner and a six-axis force/torque transducer. The main contribution is that the users work with unbound real-life tools with tracking markers. ETHD&rsquo;s end-effector remains inside the virtual object and follows the tooltip to engage only during an interaction. We have developed a simulation setup and experimentally evaluated the relative accuracy and synchronization of the three major processes, namely tool tracking, haptic rendering, and visual rendering. The experiments successfully build-up to a simple simulation scenario where a tennis ball with a fixed center is deformed by the user