Phytochemical, Proximate and Mineral Analyses of the Leaves of Gossypium hirsutum L. and Momordica charantia L.

The leaves of Gossypium hirsutum L. and Momordica charantia L. were analysed for phytochemical, proximate and mineral compositions. The qualitative phytochemical screening   from the two plants revealed the presence of alkaloids, saponins, flavonoids, tannins and cardiac glycosides whereas terpenoids and steroids were absent. Subsequent quantification analysis revealed that G. hirsutum contained 12.20± 0.28% alkaloids, 2.63±0.04 % saponins, 11.90±0.4 % flavonoids, 2.73 mg/100g tannins and 1.62±0.00 mg/100g total phenol. Momordica charantia contained 13.60±0.00 % alkaloids, 2.30±0.00 % saponins, 7.20±0.00 % flavonoids, 1.37±0.00 mg/100g tannins and 0.74 ±0.00mg/100g total phenol. Proximate analysis revealed that carbohydrate had the highest percentage in G. hirsutum and M. charantia (46.66±0.31% and 57.92± 0.04 % respectively). Crude protein had the lowest percentages of 2.70±0.01% and 2.46 ± 0.03% in G. hirsutum and M. charantia. Mineral analysis revealed that potassium had the highest concentration of 38.61 mg/100g in G. hirsutum and 32.84mg/100g in M. charantia. The least concentration of minerals in G. hirsutum was sodium (3.37mg/100g) while magnesium (5.88mg/100g) recorded the least concentration in M. charantia. The high carbohydrate contents in both plants might justify the potentials of the plants as good source of energy. Keywords: Phytochemical, Gossypium hirsutum, Momordica charantia, Proximate, Mineral analyses

Nutritional Quality and Phytochemical Studies of Solanum anguivi (Lam.) Fruits

Solanum anguivi (Lam.) is a wild or semi-domesticated vegetable locally consumed in Nigeria. The fruits of this plant were collected and subjected to nutritional and phytochemical investigation. The phytochemical constituents were investigated qualitatively and quantitatively and the results revealed the presence of alkaloids, flavonoids, tannins, saponins, phenols, steroids and triterpenoids. The presence of these bioactive secondary metabolites supports its medicinal values. Results obtained for the proximate analysis showed that the percentage composition values of moisture content were 4.58 14?"> 0.11, ash 8.89 14?"> 0.02, crude fat 5.68 14?"> 0.05, crude protein 36.35 14?"> 1.63, crude fiber 15.50 14?"> 0.71 and carbohydrate 28.98 14?"> 0.78. The high crude fiber, crude protein and carbohydrate content  in the eggplant fruits together with substantial amount of  mineral like Calcium, Sodium, Potassium, Phosphorus and Magnesium support its nutritional importance to man. Absence of mineral elements such as Nickel, Cadmium and Lead makes the fruits save for human consumption. Keywords: phytochemical constituent, proximate analysis, eggplant, Solanum anguivi, Ekiti State.

Reducing the environmental impact of surgery on a global scale: systematic review and co-prioritization with healthcare workers in 132 countries

Background Healthcare cannot achieve net-zero carbon without addressing operating theatres. The aim of this study was to prioritize feasible interventions to reduce the environmental impact of operating theatres. Methods This study adopted a four-phase Delphi consensus co-prioritization methodology. In phase 1, a systematic review of published interventions and global consultation of perioperative healthcare professionals were used to longlist interventions. In phase 2, iterative thematic analysis consolidated comparable interventions into a shortlist. In phase 3, the shortlist was co-prioritized based on patient and clinician views on acceptability, feasibility, and safety. In phase 4, ranked lists of interventions were presented by their relevance to high-income countries and low–middle-income countries. Results In phase 1, 43 interventions were identified, which had low uptake in practice according to 3042 professionals globally. In phase 2, a shortlist of 15 intervention domains was generated. In phase 3, interventions were deemed acceptable for more than 90 per cent of patients except for reducing general anaesthesia (84 per cent) and re-sterilization of ‘single-use’ consumables (86 per cent). In phase 4, the top three shortlisted interventions for high-income countries were: introducing recycling; reducing use of anaesthetic gases; and appropriate clinical waste processing. In phase 4, the top three shortlisted interventions for low–middle-income countries were: introducing reusable surgical devices; reducing use of consumables; and reducing the use of general anaesthesia. Conclusion This is a step toward environmentally sustainable operating environments with actionable interventions applicable to both high– and low–middle–income countries

Growth and yield performance of melon (Citrullus colocynthis (L.) Schrad as influenced by organic manures

Citrullus colocynthis (L.) Schrad is an important herb known for its edible seeds rich in fat and protein. The plant is also used traditionally for the treatment of a number of ailments. Field experiments were conducted from October to December, 2015 to investigate the effects of different organic manures on the growth and yield performance of Melon at the experimental site of the Department of Plant Science and Biotechnology, Faculty of Science, Ekiti State University, Ado-Ekiti, Nigeria. The experimental design was a 3×4 plot factorial with treatments arranged in a Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) with three replications. There were thus twelve treatment combinations plus a control. The treatments were Poultry manure (PM), Cowdung (CD) and Goat manure (GM) applied 0.6, 1.2, 1.8 and 2.4 t ha-1. Plots without manure treatments were used as the control. The results obtained from the studies indicated that the vine length and the number of leaves of the plant increased proportionally with time. PM produced the maximum length at 8 weeks after planting (174.00cm at 1.8 t ha-1), which was statistically similar to those produced by CD (166.73cm at 1.2t ha-1). Also, the highest mean number of leaves plant-1 was observed in PM-treated plant (93.00cm at 1.8t ha-1) which was similar to those of GM (85.33cm at 2.4 t ha-1). Application of GM at 1.8t ha-1 also promoted early flowering by two days. PM outperformed the other treatments in terms of yield and yield components.Keywords: Poultry manure, growth, yield, melo

Radiographic prevalence of CAM-type femoroacetabular impingement after open reduction and internal fixation of femoral neck fractures

Item does not contain fulltextPURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to estimate the radiographic prevalence of CAM-type femoroacetabular impingement (FAI) in elderly patients (>/= 50 years) who have undergone internal fixation for femoral neck fracture. METHODS: A total of 187 frog-leg lateral radiographs of elderly patients who underwent internal fixation for a femoral neck fracture were reviewed by two independent reviewers. The alpha angle, beta angle, and femoral head-neck offset ratio were calculated. The presence of two abnormal radiographic parameters was deemed to be diagnostic of radiographic CAM-type impingement. RESULTS: Radiographic CAM-type FAI was identified in 157 out of 187 (84 %) patients who underwent internal fixation for fractures of the femoral neck. Moderate-to-good inter-observer reliability was achieved in the measurement of radiographic parameters. With reference to fracture subtypes and prevalence of radiographic features of CAM-type morphology, 97 (72 %) out of 134 patients were positive for CAM in Garden subtypes I and II, whereas 49 (85.9 %) out of 57 patients had radiographic CAM in Garden III and IV subtypes. CONCLUSION: There was a high prevalence of CAM-type FAI in patients that underwent surgical fixation of femoral neck fractures. This is significantly higher than the reported prevalence in non-fracture patient populations. The high prevalence of CAM morphology could be related to several factors, including age, fracture morphology, quality of reduction, type of fixation, and fracture healing