Transgressing borders or bodies, deconstructing geographies in Tahar Ben Jelloun’s “Partir”

As imagens paradisíacas da Europa e as imagens de uma África destroçada formam a matéria-prima para a configuração dos sonhos de deslocamento de um migrante Africano. Tal conceituação pictórica do estrangeiro, do de fora, define bem a arquitetura e a ambivalência de suas esperanças de partida de sua terra. Com a politização do espaço e do tempo, o seu “faux papiers” não pode garantir a possibilidade de entrada; o migrante é confrontado com a impenetrabilidade das fronteiras fechadas e dos limites. A Europa, agora símbolo de um corpo feminino, deve ser efetivada. Embora o limite (corpo) é hermético, poderia ser penetrado ou violado de forma enérgica. Focalizando Partir, de Tahar Ben Jelloun, este trabalho tenta mostrar como e porque os migrantes magrebinos transgridem fronteiras a fim de atingir os seus conceitos e idealizações dos países europeus, o que é analisado em relação ao discurso do corpo feminino. Este trabalho foca a idealização romântica do exterior impulsionada por sua penetração forçada ou transgressão de suas fronteiras. O autor deste trabalho entende também que a transgressão do espaço permite ao escritor desconstruir geografias globais que têm sido altamente politizados através do poder eurocêntrico do mapa (mundi).The pictures of paradisiacal Europe and images of hellish Africa form the raw materials for the configuration of dreams of displacement and dislocation of an African migrant. Incidentally such pictorial conceptualization of Abroad defines as well the architecture and ambivalence of his/her hopes of departing from his/her Home. With the politicization of space and time, his/her ‘faux papiers’ or ‘sans papiers’ cannot assure the possibility of entrance, s/he is confronted with the impenetrability of enclosed borders and boundaries. Europe, now symbol of a female body, must be consummated, after amorous conceptualization. Though the boundary (body) is hermetic, it could be penetrated or violated forcefully. Focusing on Tahar Ben Jelloun’s Partir, this paper attempts to show how/why Maghrebian migrants transgress borders in order to reach their conceptualized and idealized European countries; this is analyzed in relation to the discourse of female body. It argues that romanticized idealization of the exterior propels its forced penetration or transgression of its borders. The paper also opines that the transgression of space permits the writer to deconstruct global geographies that have been highly politicized through the Eurocentric power of map

Utilization of organic fraction of municipal solid waste (OFMSW) as compost: a case study of Florida, South Africa

Abstract: Composting of municipal solid waste is one of the means of diverting organic waste from the waste streams thus eliminating the use of landfills. This process will ensure availability of cheaper materials which can enhance soil fertility thus leading to reduction of pollution and increasing life span of the landfill site. Availability of reliable data on waste composition and characterization studies will be invaluable to policy makers for formulation of policy on proper waste management. Also, quantification and characterization of municipal solid waste (MSW) are vital tools for decision making for adequate planning on sustainable solid waste management (SSWM)..

Municipal solid waste composition determination in the city of Johannesburg

Abstract: This paper aims at determining the composition of various waste components at Robinson Deep landfill site (LS). The waste composition study was conducted during the summer in 2015 at Robinson LS to evaluate the various component of wastes received at the site. This was done in order to determine the amount of organic wastes that are generated daily as a basis for waste to energy (WtE) proposition in the City of Johannesburg (CoJ). The methodology used was in accordance with two international standards. Hands sorting were utilized and the samples were classified into nine broad categories. The categories include; paper, organics, plastics, metals, glasses, textiles, construction and demolition (C &D), special care and other wastes..

The role of graphite addition on spark plasma sintered titanium nitride

Abstract: tComposites of titanium nitride reinforced with graphite were synthesized using sparkplasma sintering at 2000◦C. The effects of graphite addition on the microstructure, relativedensity, and mechanical properties of TiN ceramics matrix were examined. The investiga-tion was performed on TiN powder with varying graphite content (1–5 wt.%) for 8 h using anenergy ball milling equipment. Results show that TiN without and with graphite (TiN + 1 wt.%graphite) sintered at 2000◦C recorded sintered relative density of 96.7% and 97% respec-tively. Additionally, TiN with 3 wt.% graphite had a relative density of 98%. However, theshrinkage of TiN + 3 wt.% graphite was observed to be the lowest compared to other com-posites at the same sintering conditions. Microstructural analysis indicates that the grainof titanium nitride in the composite was very fine and continuous. Subsequently, a bimodalparticle sizes were observed when 5 wt.% graphite was dispersed in TiN. The highest Vickersmicrohardness of 23.5 GPa and fracture toughness of 6.5 MPa m1/2were achieved with com-posites reinforced with 3 wt.% graphite at milling period of 8 h. The combination of TEM/EDSand HRTEM/FFT show a single pattern of diffraction and consistency in interplanar distanceobtained from X-ray diffractometry of the milled sample. There is a clear coherence interfacebetween the phases

Shuttle Between Interlanguage and Relexification in the West African Europhone Literature: An Interview with Chantal Zabus

Professor Chantal Zabus is one of the earliest non-African Africanists who researched into the nature, structure and usage of European languages in African literature. Her seminal book, entitled The African Palimpsest: Indigenization of Language in the West African Europhone Novel, which examines the contact of some West African languages with European languages, forms the basis for this interview. The interview revolves around the language of African postcolonial literatures in European languages, feminism, excision and circumcision. Zabus discusses freely on her biography, research interests and professional preoccupations. She concludes on an optimistic note that African languages have capacity of growing to the standard of being boldly imprinted on the map. She granted this interview in her home in Brussels, Belgium, in June 2010

Pour une relecture de Xala de Sembène Ousmane

Les concepts de l’écriture et le style sont souvent employés comme des synonymes par les critiques littéraires et les linguistes. Alors que les deux notions semblent signifier la même chose, il y a une distinction étroite entre elles. Cet article se soucie d’exposer à la lumière du jour les distinctions qui existent entre la notion de l’écriture et celle du style. En adoptant la sémiologie selon Roland Barthes, il cherche à démontrer que l’écriture comprend l’histoire sociale qui constitue l’idée et le message de l’oeuvre. Le style par contre est un concept linguistique qui met en exergue le message (l’écriture) d’un texte. Cet article fait l’analyse d’un roman de Sembène Ousmane, Xala pour éloigner l’ambiguïté qui enferme l’emploi des deux notions. Il est conclu que l’écriture et le style sont des jumeaux qui vont de paire. C’est l’écriture qui vient avant le style

Book Review

Ayo Osisanwo, Kazeem Adebiyi-Adelabu & Adebayo Mosobolaje (eds). Literary and Linguistic Perspectives on Orality, Literacy and Gender Studies,Kraft Books Limited, Ibadan: 2018, 626 Page

Pour une relecture de Xala de Sembène Ousmane

Les concepts de l’écriture et le style sont souvent employés comme des synonymes par les critiques littéraires et les linguistes. Alors que les deux notions semblent signifier la même chose, il y a une distinction étroite entre elles. Cet article se soucie d’exposer à la lumière du jour les distinctions qui existent entre la notion de l’écriture et celle du style. En adoptant la sémiologie selon Roland Barthes, il cherche à démontrer que l’écriture comprend l’histoire sociale qui constitue l’idée et le message de l’oeuvre. Le style par contre est un concept linguistique qui met en exergue le message (l’écriture) d’un texte. Cet article fait l’analyse d’un roman de Sembène Ousmane, Xala pour éloigner l’ambiguïté qui enferme l’emploi des deux notions. Il est conclu que l’écriture et le style sont des jumeaux qui vont de paire. C’est l’écriture qui vient avant le style