Reflection and transmission in the ionosphere considering collisions in a first approximation

Reflection and transmission coefficients (R and T) of high frequency waves propagating in the ionosphere are studied taking collisions into account. This was done approximating the expression in the refractive index using binomial expansion and neglecting terms of order higher than is the ratio between the electron collision frequency and the wave frequency. R and T height profiles were assessed using the International Reference Ionosphere, IRI, to estimate the ionosphere plasma parameters. Although no significant differences are found between the estimation with and without collisions, the method employed to include collisions may be useful for other purposes where collisions should be taken into account.Fil: Yesil, Ali. Firat University; TurquíaFil: Aydogdu, Mehmet. Firat University; TurquíaFil: Elias, Ana Georgina. Universidad Nacional de Tucumán. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Tecnología; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentin

Anti-fungal bandages containing cinnamon extract

© 2019 The Authors. International Wound Journal published by Medicalhelplines.com Inc and John Wiley & Sons Ltd.Cinnamon-containing polycaprolactone (PCL) bandages were produced by pressurised gyration and their anti-fungal activities against Candida albicans were investigated. It was found that by preparing and spinning polymer solutions of cinnamon with PCL, fibres capable of inhibiting fungal growth could be produced, as observed in disk diffusion tests for anti-fungal susceptibility. Fascinatingly, compared with raw cinnamon powder, the novel cinnamon-loaded fibres had outstanding long-term activity. The results presented here are very promising and may indeed accelerate a new era of using completely natural materials in biomedical applications, especially in wound healing.Peer reviewe

Coronary artery-left ventricular microfistulae associated with apical hypertrophic cardiomyopathy

A 58 year-old Caucasian man was admitted to the coronary care unit with angina pectoris. There were deep inverted T waves and ST segment depression at anterior precordial derivations. Coronary angiography revealed widespread coronary artery to left ventricular microfistulae arising from distal portions of both left and right coronary systems. Left ventriculography and transthoracic echocardiography revealed typical features of apical hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. Angina pectoris was alleviated by beta-blocker therapy. Both multiple coronary artery to left ventricular microfistulae and apical hypertrophic cardiomyopathy are rare conditions and little is known about pathophysiological and clinical aspects of this combination. Accumulating evidence will provide us this information so that the management of the patients will be enhanced. (Cardiol J 2011; 18, 3: 307–309

Serum Proinflammatory Mediators at Different Periods of Therapy in Patients With Multiple Myeloma

Multiple myeloma (MM) is a malignant disease characterized by the clonal proliferation of plasma cells within the bone marrow. Several cytokines have been demonstrated to be involved in the control of growth, progression, and dissemination of MM. We determined serum levels of interleukin-1β (IL-1β), soluble interleukin-2 receptor (sIL-2R), interleukin-6 (IL-6), interleukin-8 (IL-8), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), and C-reactive protein (CRP) in 14 newly diagnosed MM patients. The median age of the patients was 63.4 ± 10.8 years and all of the patients were stage III (classified according to the Durie-Salmon classification). The same parameters were measured in 15 healthy controls. In addition, we also examined the effects of vincristine-adriamycin-dexamethasone (VAD) therapy on the same parameters and mediators as well as the relationship among the parameters in the same patient groups. The serum concentrations of TNF-α, IL-1β, sIL-2R, IL-6, IL-8, and CRP (18.6 ± 3.7 pg/mL, 10.1 ± 2.8 pg/mL, 730 ± 220 U/mL, 11.4 ± 3.3 pg/mL, 23.9 ± 8.3 pg/mL, and 49.9 ± 19.5 mg/dL, resp) were significantly higher in newly diagnosed MM patients than in healthy controls (P < .0001). All of the parameters were found to be significantly reduced after chemotherapy. In conclusion, we found that after the VAD therapy, the level of these cytokines which are thought to play an important role in the pathogenesis of MM was significantly suppressed. This is the first study demonstrating strong impact of VAD treatment on circulating mediators of sIL-2R and IL-8 levels parameters

Effect of gallic acid on liver injury during obstructive cholestasis after bile duct ligation in rat

Aim: To investigate the hepatoprotective, anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects of gallic acid (GA) against obstructive cholestasis (OC) -induced liver damage in rats. Methods: Thirty female Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into three groups. Group 1 (n=10) was the sham-operated group. In group 2 and group 3, hepatoduodenal ligament dissection was performed after laparotomy. Once the common bile duct was made apparent, it was ligated with 4/0 silk surgical suture and cut between both sutures. Group 2 (n=10) was the control group. Group 3 (n=10) was the GA group. GA (50 mg/kg) was administered by oral gavage daily for 10 days. At the end of the experiment on day 10, the rats were anesthetized. Fibrosis, inflammation, ductal proliferation and necrosis were evaluated histopathologically. Serum levels of AST, ALT, TBIL, DBIL, LDH and GGT levels were determined. In the serum and liver, TAS, TOS, MDA, TNF-α, IL-1, IL-6, and IL 10 levels were evaluated.&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Results: &nbsp;When group 2 and group 3 were compared histopathologically, fibrosis and inflammation were significantly lower in group 3. In group 3, all LFTs (except DBIL), liver and serum IL-6, IL-1, TOS, MDA, and TNF-α levels were significantly lower than group 2, whereas IL-10 and TAS values were increased. Conclusion: Findings of this research indicate that GA may be effective against OC-induced liver damage in a rat model. We presume that the beneficial effects of GA are closely associated with its antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities. Therefore, we think that using GA&nbsp;&nbsp; can save us time before resorting to the surgical method

Diskoid lupus eritematozus ağız bulguları: olgu sunumu

Diskoid lupus eritamatozus (DLE) etyolojisi bilinmeyen, kronik, otoimmün ve mukokütanöz bir hastalıktır. Bu vaka raporunda DLE teşhisi ile tıbbi tedavi görmüş hastanın ağız içi bulguları ve histopatolojik muayene sonuçları sunulmaktadır. Elli dokuz yaşındaki bayan hasta kliniğimize dişetlerindeki kızarıklık ve yanma hissi şikayeti ile başvurdu. Sistemik belirtileri nedeniyle daha önce DLE tanısı konmuş ve tedavi görmüş hastada ağız içi muayenede dişeti enflamasyonu, palatal mukozada makül, bukkal mukozada telenjiektazik alanlar, özellikle maksiller ve mandibular anterior dişlerin vestibul yüzeylerinde serbest ve yapışık dişetinde eritematöz ve Nikolski belirtisi (+) alanlar izlendi. Klinik ve radyografik muayene sonucu kronik periodontitis teşhisi kondu. Alt çene anterior dişler vestibülunden alınan biyopsi ile histopatolojik inceleme yapıldı. DLE, skuamoz hücreli karsinom için bir risk faktörüdür. Ayrıca ağızdaki mukozal lezyonların vücuttaki lezyonlardan daha önce oluşabileceği bildirilmiştir. Bu nedenle DLE hastalarında ağız içi ve sistemik bulgular iyi değerlendirilmeli ve takip altında tutulmalıdır

Megameatus with intact prepuce (MIP) hypospadias variant applicated tubularized incised plate (TIP) urethroplasty: A rare case report

A megameatus with intact prepuce (MIP) is an unusual variant of an anterior hypospadias that accounts for 3% of hypospadias repairs. It is characterized by a widely splayed coronal or subcoronal meatus, a deep glanulargroove, a normally conformed prepuce, and no chordee.In this case, good cosmetic and functional outcomes, such as achievement of a straight urine stream and patient satisfaction, were achieved using the tubularized incised plate (TIP) procedure. However, each case of MIP is unique, and a suitable procedure should be tailored to individual cases

Surface interactions and viability of coronaviruses

The recently emerged coronavirus pandemic (COVID-19) has become a worldwide threat affecting millions of people, causing respiratory system related problems that can end up with extremely serious consequences. As the infection rate rises significantly and this is followed by a dramatic increase in mortality, the whole world is struggling to accommodate change and is trying to adapt to new conditions. While a significant amount of effort is focused on developing a vaccine in order to make a game-changing anti-COVID-19 breakthrough, novel coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) is also developing mutations rapidly as it transmits just like any other virus and there is always a substantial chance of the invented antibodies becoming ineffective as a function of time, thus failing to inhibit virus-to-cell binding efficiency as the spiked protein keeps evolving. Hence, controlling the transmission of the virus is crucial. Therefore, this review summarizes the viability of coronaviruses on inanimate surfaces under different conditions while addressing the current state of known chemical disinfectants for deactivation of the coronaviruses. The review attempts to bring together a wide spectrum of surface-virus-cleaning agent interactions to help identify material selection for inanimate surfaces that have frequent human contact and cleaning procedures for effective prevention of COVID-19 transmission.Peer reviewe

Jejuno-ilealna perforacija i volvulus uzrokovani višekratnim gutanjem magnetnih stranih tijela

Foreign body ingestion is a common problem in children, but magnet ingestion is relatively rare. However, when it occurs, it tends to have a high rate of complications. This is a case report of a 3-year-old child who swallowed multiple magnetic toys, subsequently developing jejunoileal perforation and volvulus. This case report indicates that it is best to surgically remove multiple ingested magnets without delay to avoid intestinal perforation, fistula, and other complications such as volvulus.Gutanje stranog tijela čest je problem u djece, no gutanje magneta je relativno rijetko. Međutim, kad se to dogodi obično je praćeno visokom stopom komplikacija. U ovom prikazu slučaja opisuje se trogodišnje dijete koje je progutalo mnoštvo magnetnih igračaka, što je izazvalo jejuno-ilealnu perforaciju i volvulus. Ovaj prikaz slučaja pokazuje da je najbolje bez odlaganja kirurški odstraniti takve progutane magnete kako bi se izbjegla perforacija crijeva, fistule i druge komplikacije kao što je volvulus