Negative refraction through an impedance-matched left-handed metamaterial slab

Cataloged from PDF version of article.We report the transmission and reflection characteristics of a two-dimensional (2D) left-handed metamaterial (LHM). A well-defined left-handed (LH) transmission band with a peak value of −9.9 dB is obtained at frequencies where both effective permittivity and permeability are negative. A very sharp dip −38 dB at the reflection spectrum due to impedance matching at the surface of a 2D LHM is observed. Gaussian beam shifting experiments are performed to study the LH properties of a LHM structure. The structure has a negative refraction of electromagnetic waves in a certain frequency range. The negative refractive index values obtained for four different incident angles are in good agreement. © 2006 Optical Society of Americ

Transmission spectra and the effective parameters for planar metamaterials with omega shaped metallic inclusions

Cataloged from PDF version of article.Planar metamaterials with omega shaped metallic inclusions were studied experimentally and theoretically. Our results show that when the incidence is perpendicular to the plane of the omega structure, the omega medium acts effectively as an electric resonator metamaterial. The stop band of the omega medium is due to the negative part of the electric resonance of the omega structure. The transmission band of the composite metamaterial (CMM) that is based on the omega medium is due to the strong positive part of the electric resonance of the omega structure. Consequently, the transmission band of the CMM does not coincide with the stop band of the omega medium. Furthermore, the transmission band of the CMM is a band with positive refractive indices. Our experimental and numerical results are in good agreement. (C) 2010 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved

Highly directional emission from photonic crystals with a wide bandwidth

Cataloged from PDF version of article.The authors numerically and experimentally demonstrated highly directional emission from photonic crystals. This was achieved by first splitting the incident electromagnetic wave into multiple beams using photonic crystal waveguide structures. The beams were then emitted out of the surface of a photonic crystal with the same phase, which resulted in a highly directional radiation pattern. The measured half power beam width was 4.8 degrees, which was in good agreement with the calculated value of 4.1 degrees. In contrast to the traditional beaming structures, their design did not involve gratinglike structures, which resulted in a wider operation bandwidth. (c) 2007 American Institute of Physics

Subwavelength resolution with a negative-index metamaterial superlens

Cataloged from PDF version of article.Negative-index metamaterials are candidates for imaging objects with sizes smaller than a half-wavelength. The authors report an impedance-matched, low loss negative-index metamaterial superlens that is capable of resolving subwavelength features of a point source with a 0.13 lambda resolution, which is the highest resolution achieved by a negative-index metamaterial. By separating two point sources with a distance of lambda/8, they were able to detect two distinct peaks on the image plane. They also showed that the metamaterial based structure has a flat lens behavior. (c) 2007 American Institute of Physics

Growth and feed utilization of goldfish (Carassius auratus) fed graded levels of brewers yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae)

In this study, a feeding trial was conducted to examine the potential of replacing fish meal with brewers yeast in practical diet of goldfish (Carassius auratus). Five isoproteic (37% CP) and isocaloric (3350 kcal/kg) diets were formulated to contain graded levels of brewers yeast. Fish meal protein was replaced by 0%, 15%, 25%, 35%, and 45% of yeast. Each diet was randomly allocated to triplicate groups of 20 fish (initial average weight of 0.56 g fish^-1) in glass aquarium (65L). Fish were fed three times per day to apparent satiation for 84 days. At the end of the experiment, weight gain, specific growth rate (SGR), feed conversion ratio (FCR), protein efficiency ratio (PER), condition factor (CF), survival rate (SR), hepatosomatic indices (HSI) and body composition of goldfish fry were determined. According to the results, weight gain, SGR, FCR and PER of fish fed the diet including yeast replaced 35% of the fish meal were better than those of fish fed the other diets. There were no significant differences in SR and HSI values among fish fed diets (p>0.05). However, CF among fish fed the experimental diets was significantly different (p>0.05). Whole body composition was similar among fish fed different diets. The optimal replacement level of fishmeal protein by brewers yeast was determined by second-order polynomial regression to be (y= 2, 2237- 0,0004x^2 + 0,0279x; R² = 0,9977) 34.875%, on the basis of SGR

Rate-Distortion Efficient Piecewise Planar 3D Scene Representation from 2-D Images

Cataloged from PDF version of article.In any practical application of the 2-D-to-3-D conversion that involves storage and transmission, representation effi- ciency has an undisputable importance that is not reflected in the attention the topic received. In order to address this problem, a novel algorithm, which yields efficient 3-D representations in the rate distortion sense, is proposed. The algorithm utilizes two views of a scene to build a mesh-based representation incrementally, via adding new vertices, while minimizing a distortion measure. The experimental results indicate that, in scenes that can be approximated by planes, the proposed algorithm is superior to the dense depth map and, in some practical situations, to the block motion vector-based representations in the rate-distortion sense

Multichannel ecg data-compression by multirate signal-processing and transform domain coding techniques

Cataloged from PDF version of article.In this paper, a multilead ECG data compression method is presented, First, a linear transform is applied to the standard ECG lead signals which are highly correlated with each other. In this way a set of uncorrelated transform domain signals is obtained. Then, resulting transform domain signals are compressed using various coding methods, including multirate signal processing and transform domain coding techniques

Study of the field emitted by a source placed inside a two-dimensional left-handed metamaterial

Cataloged from PDF version of article.We studied the properties of electromagnetic waves that were emitted from a source placed inside a left-handed medium based on a two-dimensional labyrinth. While the arguments of geometrical optics suggest that the field emitted from the source would be focused outside the left-handed medium no matter where the source was placed, our results proved the contrary. We found that the field emitted from the source was focused outside the left-handed medium when the source was placed inside the medium at a certain distance away from the interface. Moreover, our results showed that the field emitted from the source was focused on the subwavelength dimensions outside the left-handed medium. © 2007 Optical Society of America