Environmental urbanization assessment using gis and multicriteria decision analysis: a case study for Denizli (Turkey) municipal area

In recent years, life quality of the urban areas is a growing interest of civil engineering. Environmental quality is essential to display the position of sustainable development and asserts the corresponding countermeasures to the protection of environment. Urban environmental quality involves multidisciplinary parameters and difficulties to be analyzed. The problem is not only complex but also involves many uncertainties, and decision-making on these issues is a challenging problem which contains many parameters and alternatives inherently. Multicriteria decision analysis (MCDA) is a very prepotent technique to solve that sort of problems, and it guides the users confidence by synthesizing that information. Environmental concerns frequently contain spatial information. Spatial multicriteria decision analysis (SMCDA) that includes Geographic Information System (GIS) is efficient to tackle that type of problems. This study has employed some geographic and urbanization parameters to assess the environmental urbanization quality used by those methods. The study area has been described in five categories: very favorable, favorable, moderate, unfavorable, and very unfavorable. The results are momentous to see the current situation, and they could help to mitigate the related concerns. The study proves that the SMCDA descriptions match the environmental quality perception in the city. © 2018 Erdal Akyol et al

Failure of the Standard Coupled-Channels Method in Describing the Inelastic Reaction Data: On the Use of a New Shape for the Coupling Potential

We present the failure of the standard coupled-channels method in explaining the inelastic scattering together with other observables such as elastic scattering, excitation function and fusion data. We use both microscopic double-folding and phenomenological deep potentials with shallow imaginary components. We argue that the solution of the problems for the inelastic scattering data is not related to the central nuclear potential, but to the coupling potential between excited states. We present that these problems can be addressed in a systematic way by using a different shape for the coupling potential instead of the usual one based on Taylor expansion.Comment: 10 pages, 4 figures, 1 table, Latex:RevTex4 published in J. Phys. G: Nucl. Part. Phy

The Strong Decay Patterns of the 1−+1^{-+} Exotic Hybrid Mesons

We calculate the coupling constants of the decay modes $1^{-+}\rightarrow\rho\pi, f_1\pi, b_1\pi, \eta\pi, \eta'\pi, a_1\pi, f_1\eta$ within the framework of the light-cone QCD sum rule. Then we calculate the partial width of these decay channels, which differ greatly from the existing calculations using phenomenological models. For the isovector $1^{-+}$ state, the dominant decay modes are $\rho\pi, f_1\pi$. For its isoscalar partner, its dominant decay mode is $a_1\pi$. We also discuss the possible search of the $1^{-+}$ state at BESIII, for example through the decay chains $J/\psi (\psi')\to \pi_1 +\gamma$ or $J/\psi (\psi')\to \pi_1 +\rho$ where $\pi_1$ can be reconstructed through the decay modes $\pi_1\to \rho\pi\to \pi^+\pi^-\pi^0$ or $\pi_1\to f_1(1285)\pi^0$. Hopefully the present work will be helpful to the experimental establishment of the $1^{-+}$ hybrid meson.Comment: 14 pages, 10 figure

Constructal design in the cooling and hydraulic performance of tube heat sinks

Liquid-cooled hot plates require effective thermal management which can be accomplished by implementing appropriate cooling architectures. This investigation is about high heat-generating systems and reports the performance of heated plates with various cooling flow configurations: Serpentine flow, parallel tubes flow, and two tree-shape flow systems. Single and double objectives with size constraint are studied to obtain the best design. The influence of fluid inlet position is also studied. The results are presented in terms of hydraulic and thermal characteristics for plates that is subject to a constant heat flux, and contain tubes with fixed total lateral area for cooling. A 3D numerical study is conducted to analyze the performance of these systems for Reynolds numbers ranging from 1000 to 33,000. The results obtained include temperatures of the plate, uniformity of temperature of the plate, fluid flow resistance and heat dissipation. Dimensionless parameters are identified to characterize the thermal performance, hydraulic performance, and hydrothermal performance as a function of the Reynolds number. The results show that a tree-shaped flow network of tubes inserted in the plate with inlet placed at the center of the plate presents the best cooling performance, with more cooling capacity and less flow resistance (and pumping power)

Simulation of associative learning with the replaced elements model

Associative learning theories can be categorised according to whether they treat the representation of stimulus compounds in an elemental or configural manner. Since it is clear that a simple elemental approach to stimulus representation is inadequate there have been several attempts to produce more elaborate elemental models. One recent approach, the Replaced Elements Model (Wagner, 2003), reproduces many results that have until recently been uniquely predicted by Pearce’s Configural Theory (Pearce, 1994). Although it is possible to simulate the Replaced Elements Model using “standard” simulation programs the generation of the correct stimulus representation is complex. The current paper describes a method for simulation of the Replaced Elements Model and presents the results of two example simulations that show differential predictions of Replaced Elements and Pearce’s Configural Theor

Impact of maximum back-EMF limits on the performance characteristics of interior permanent magnet synchronous machines

Interior permanent magnet (IPM) synchronous machines are vulnerable to uncontrolled generator (UCG) faults at high speed that can damage the inverter. One approach to reducing this risk is to impose limits on the maximum machine back-EMF voltage at top speed. This paper presents the results of a comparative design study that clarifies the nature and extent of the penalties imposed on the IPM machine metrics and performance characteristics as a result of imposing progressively tighter values of back-EMF voltage limits. As an alternative to limiting back-EMF and penalizing machine designs, this paper also investigates the effectiveness of the system-side protection approach to the same UCG fault problem.Seok-hee Han, Thomas M. Jahns, Metin Aydin, Mustafa K. Guven, Wen L. Soon

The role of growth regulators, embryo age and genotypes on immature embryo germination and rapid generation advancement in tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.)

One of the most important problem of tomato breeders is lengthy seed to seed cycle in a breeding program. In vitro techiques provide a lot of advantages for breeders. The objective of this work was to determine the effect of growth regulators and immature embryo age on embryo germination and rapid generation advancement in different tomato genotypes. For this purpose, four different tomato genotypes were used. Immature embryos were derived from fruits 20, 24, 28, 32 and 36 days after pollination. Fruits were left on the plant to mature as control (conventional breeding cycle). MS, MS + 0.1 mg/l kinetin, MS + 0.1 mg/l IAA and MS + 0.1 mg/l kinetin + 0.1 mg/l IAA were used as growth regulators. Growth regulators and genotypes resulted in nonsignificant effect on germination rate and rapid generation advancement, but embryo age resulted in significant effect. Germination rate from immature embryos ranged between 55.22 and 100%. Twenty eight (28) and thirty two (32) days old embryos gave the best germination rate. Days from pollination to flowering, shortened between 53,36 and 63,96 days in comparison with the conventional breeding cycle. This study showed that using immature embryo technique in tomato breeding offers more generation per year when compared to conventional breeding practice.Key words: Growth regulators, immature embryo culture, embryo age, tomato, kinetin, IAA, shortened breeding cycle

Extended endoscopic endonasal transsphenoidal approach to the suprasellar area: Anatomic considerations - Part I

INTRODUCTION: Interest in using the extended endonasal transsphenoidal approach for management of suprasellar lesions, with either a microscopic or endoscopic technique, has increased in recent years. The most relevant benefit is that this median approach permits the exposure and removal of suprasellar lesions without the need for brain retraction. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Fifteen human cadaver heads were dissected to evaluate the surgical key steps and the advantages and limitations of the extended endoscopic endonasal transplanum sphenoidale approach. We compared this with the transcranial microsurgical view of the suprasellar area as explored using the bilateral subfrontal microsurgical approach, and with the anatomy of the same region as obtained through the endoscopic endonasal route. RESULTS: Some anatomic conditions can prevent or hinder use of the extended endonasal approach. These include a low level of sphenoid sinus pneumatization, a small sella size with small distance between the internal carotid arteries, a wide intercavernous sinus, and a thick tuberculum sellae. Compared with the subfrontal transcranial approach, the endoscopic endonasal approach offers advantages to visualizing the subchiasmatic, retrosellar, and third ventricle areas. CONCLUSION: The endoscopic endonasal transplanum sphenoidale technique is a straight, median approach to the midline areas around the sella that provides a multiangled, close-up view of all relevant neurovascular structures. Although a lack of adequate instrumentation makes it impossible to manage all structures that are visible with the endoscope, in selected cases, the extended endoscopic endonasal approach can be considered part of the armamentarium for surgical treatment of the suprasellar area

Comparison of cone-beam computed tomography and panoramic radiography for mandibular morphometry

Background: The aim of this study was to compare the morphological differences in the mandible between patients with six age groups and to detect the correlation between these parameters on panoramic radiography (PR) and cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT). Materials and methods: A total of 121 subjects (50 males and 71 females) were included in the study and were divided into six age groups (10–19, 20–29, 30–39, 40–49, 50–59, and 60–69) on the basis of the chronological age. CBCT and PR methods were used to record the mandibular measurements for the same 121 patients. Differences between male and female mandibular morphometric measurements, between right and left side measurements, and differences in age subgroups compared by using independent samples t-test, paired samples t-test, and one-way ANOVA test, respectively. P < 0.05 value was considered statistically significant for all analysis. Results: Males mostly have higher mandibular measurement values. There were statistically significant differences between CBCT and PR measurements (p < 0.05). PR mostly showed higher values than CBCT measurements. Conclusions: Based on the fact that PRs showing significant differences from CBCT in the morphometric measurements made on mandible, it is recommended that forensic doctors and anthropologists consider this information in their age and gender prediction studies

A proposal for Marchenko-based target-oriented full waveform inversion

The Hessian matrix plays an important role in correct interpretation of the multiple scattered wave fields inside the FWI frame work. Due to the high computational costs, the computation of the Hessian matrix is not feasible. Consequently, FWI produces overburden related artifacts inside the target zone model, due to the lack of the exact Hessian matrix. We have shown here that Marchenko-based target-oriented Full Waveform Inversion can compensate the need of Hessian matrix inversion by reducing the non-linearity due to overburden effects. This is achieved by exploiting Marchenko-based target replacement to remove the overburden response and its interactions with the target zone from residuals and inserting the response of the updated target zone into the response of the entire medium. We have also shown that this method is more robust with respect to prior information than the standard gradient FWI. Similarly to standard Marchenko imaging, the proposed method only requires knowledge of the direct arrival time from a focusing point to the surface and the reflection response of the medium.Comment: 5 pages, 4 figures, 82th EAGE Conference & Exhibitio