THE MAIN PILLARS OF THE TURKIC RHOTACISM-ZETACISM, I. sämiz, sämir-, sämri-, semre-

THE MAIN PILLARSOF THE TURKIC RHOTACISM-ZETACISM, I.sämiz, sämir-, sämri-, semre

CHANGES IN THE CHEMICAL STRUCTURE OF THERMALLY TREATED WOOD

Changes in the chemical structure of hornbeam and uludag fir woods during thermal treatment were investigated at three temperatures (170, 190, and 210 oC) and three durations (4, 8, and 12 hours). After thermal treatment, the extents of degradation in the chemical structure of the samples were determined, and the effects on the chemical composition of hornbeam wood and uludag fir wood were investigated. The data obtained were analyzed using variance analysis, and Tukey’s test was used to determine the changes in the chemical structure of uludag fir and hornbeam woods. The results showed that heating wood permanently changes several of its chemical structures and that the changes are mainly caused by thermal degradation of wood polymers. It was found that decreasing of the cellulose and holocelluloses ratio had a favorable effect on the interaction of the wood with moisture. According to the obtained results, hornbeam wood is affected more than uludag fir wood. For each wood, the maximum decreases of holocellulose and α-cellulose were found at 210oC for 12 hours, and the maximum increase of lignin occurred at the same treatment combination

Flight Simulator Model Integration for Supporting Pilot-in-the-Loop Testing in Model-Based Rotorcraft Design

Model-Based Design (MBD) enables iterative design practices and boosts the agility of the air vehicle development programs. Flight simulators are extensively employed in these programs for evaluating the handling qualities of the designed platforms. In order to keep up with the agility provided by the MBD, integration of the air vehicle models in fairly complex flight simulators needs to be addressed. The AVES Software Development Kit (SDK), which is the simulation software suite of DLR Air Vehicle Simulator (AVES), enables tackling the model integration starting from the modeler’s desktop. Additionally, 2Simulate, which is the enabling real-time simulation infrastructure of AVES SDK, provides automated model integration workflow for MATLAB/Simulink models using Simulink Coder code generation facilities. This paper presents the successful employment of AVES SDK and the 2Simulate model integration workflow for addressing integration challenges for Pilot-in-the-Loop Testing in AVES

Effects of Immune Complexes on Holotranscobalamine Assay of Vitamin B-12 Deficiency in Myeloproliferative Disorders

In myeloproliferative disorders (MPDs), vitamin B-12 levels are measured falsely elevated with conventional methods due to increased carrier protein synthesis. HoloTranscobalamine (HoloTC) assay is a first-choice method for detecting true vitamin B-12 deficiency in MPDs. Our aim was to determine effects of immune complexes on HoloTC assay. This is a cross-section study. Vitamin B-12 levels in 61 patients with myeloproliferative disorders were measured by both electrochemical immunoassay and HoloTC assay. The HoIoTC cutoff was greater than 35 pmol/L. HoloTC assay for each sample were repeated after polyethylene glycol (PEG) treatment to exclude IgG, IgA and IgM type immune complexes. Also, methylmalonic acid, folate, homocystein, liver, and kidney function tests were obtained. Methylmalonic acid test showed that 42 patients (68.9%) had vitamin B-12 deficiency. Vitamin B-12 levels by HoIoTC assay decreased by 19.2 +/- 11.28% in essential thrombocytosis, 40.0 +/- 9.39% in chronic myeloid leukemia, 30.9 +/- 14.62% in myelofibrosis and 21.2 +/- 11.55% in polycythemia vera patients after PEG treatment. There was significant difference between the averages of groups (p< 0.01). Methylmalonic Acid Test was used as the B-12 status variable. The comparison of ROC curves of HoIoTC before and after PEG showed no statistically significance between area under curves. The optimum cut-off points for both HoloTC before and after PEG were 40.6 pmol/L and 32.1 pmol/L, respectively. Immune complexes may have some effect on HoIoTC assay which has been recently reported to have a superior diagnostic accuracy for vitamin Biz deficiency in patients with MPDs. Although exclusion of immune complexes did not improve its diagnostic performances, effects of exclusion were significantly different between subgroups of MPDs

Preeklampsinin Patogenezinde Maternal Oksidatif Stres, Demir/Çinko, Bakır/Çinko Oranları ve Eser Element Düzeylerinin Rolü

Purpose:Preeclampsia (PE) is a complex disease and the underlying mechanisms are not known, yet. It is well known that oxidative stress and trace elements play a role in the pathogenesis of various diseases. Several studies have shown that the levels and proportions of trace elements are closely related to the severity of the disease. The aim of the study was to investigate the changes in some characteristics parameters, serum zinc, iron, copper levels, and copper/zinc and iron/zinc ratios and plasma lipid peroxidation levels in patients with mild and severe preeclampsiaAma&ccedil;: Preeklampsi (PE) kompleks bir hastalıktır ve hastalığın patogenezinde yer alan mekanizmalar hen&uuml;z aydınlatılamamıştır. Oksidatif stres ve eser elementlerin &ccedil;eşitli hastalıkların patogenezinde rol oynadığı iyi bilinmektedir. Yapılan &ccedil;eşitli &ccedil;alışmalarda, eser elementlerin d&uuml;zeylerinin ve oranlarının, hastalığın şiddeti ile yakından ilişkili olduğunu g&ouml;stermiştir. Bu &ccedil;alışmanın amacı, hafif ve şiddetli preeklamptik hastalarda bazı karakteristik &ouml;zelliklerin, serum &ccedil;inko, demir, bakır d&uuml;zeyleri, bakır/&ccedil;inko ve demir/&ccedil;inko oranları ile plazma lipid peroksidasyon d&uuml;zeylerini değişikliklerini araştırmaktı

One year results of raloxifene and calcitonin treatments in postmenopausal osteoporosis

Amaç: Yaslı osteoporozlu kisilerde özellikle de postmenopozal kadınlarda kemik kırık riski daha yüksektir. Raloksifen postmenopozal osteoporozun önlenmesinde ve tedavisinde kullanılan selektif östrojen reseptör modülatörüdür. Kalsitonin kemik rezorpsiyonunu inhibe eder ve osteoporozlu bireylerde kullanım için önerilir. Bu çalısma postmenopozal osteoporozda raloksifen ve kalsitonin tedavilerinin etkilerini arastırmak ve kemik mineral yogunlugu (KMY) degerlerini kıyaslamak için planlandı. Yöntem: Bu amaçla çalısmaya 44 postmenopozal osteoporozlu (raloksifen grubu: 22, kalsitonin grubu: 22) hasta alındı. Hastalar rastgele olarak iki gruba ayrıldı. Hastalarda lomber omurganın ve sol femur proksimalinin KMY'u dual energy X-ray absorptiometry kullanılarak tedavi öncesi ve tedavinin birinci yılı sonunda olmak üzere iki kez ölçüldü. Birinci gruba günde 60 mg raloksifen verilirken, ikinci gruba kalsitonin 200 IU/ gün nazal olarak verildi. Yöntem: Bu tedaviler sonrası lomber omurgada raloksifenle (p=0.011) ve kalsitoninle (p=0.008) istatistiksel olarak belirgin bir düzelme saptanırken, femurKMYölçümlerinde her iki grupta birinci yılın sonunda anlamlı bir iyilesme saptanmadı (p>0.05). Gruplar arası kıyaslamalarda ise KMY iyilesmesi açısından bir farklılık bulunmadı (p>0.05). Sonuç: Postmenopozal osteoporozlu hastalarda raloksifen ve kalsitonin tedavileri bir yılın sonunda trabeküler kemikte belirgin olarak iyilesmesaglarken kortikal kemikte degisiklik gözlenmedi.Objective: The risk of bone fractures is higher in osteoporotic elderly people, particularly in postmenopausal women. Raloxifene is the only selective estrogen receptor modulator that has been approved for the prevention and treatment of postmenopausal osteoporosis. Calcitonin inhibits bone resorption and is recommended for use in women with osteoporosis. This study was performed to investigate the effects of raloxifene and calcitonin treatments in postmenopausal osteoporosis by comparison of the respective bone mineral density (BMD) values. Materials and methods: Forty four women with postmenopausal osteoporosis (raloxifene: 22 , calcitonin :22) were enrolled in this study. Patients were divided into two groups randomly. BMD was measured twice in the lumbar spine and left proximal femur before treatment and at the end of one year by using dual energy X-ray absorptiometry. Raloxifene was administered at a dose of 60 mg/day to the first group; calcitonin was given 200IU per day as a nasal spray. Results: Although statistically significant improvement was found in the lumbar spine with raloxifene (p=0.011) and calcitonin (p=0.008) treatments, no improvement was determined in femur BMD (p>0.05) level at end of the first year. Statistical difference was not observed between two groups (p>0.05). Conclusion: While significant improvement was produced in trabecular bone with raloxifen and calcitonin treatments at the end of one year, no change was observed in cortical bone by the two treatments

EXAMINING THE USE OF AUXILIARY SOURCES IN LESSONS IN THE CONTEXT OF TEACHER, PARENT AND STUDENT OPINIONS

The aim of this research is to evaluate the use of auxiliary resources in lessons in the context of teachers, parents and students' opinions. This research is a survey model research designed in accordance with quantitative and qualitative research techniques. The research group consists of 78 teachers, 132 students, and 22 parents. The criterion sampling method, one of the purposeful sampling methods, was used to determine the teacher and student study group, and the random sampling method, one of the probability-based sampling methods, was used to select the parents. Snowball sampling method, one of the purposeful sampling methods, was used to determine the 8 teachers, 4 parents and 20 students to be interviewed in the research. The quantitative data required for the research were collected through a survey titled "Opinions on Using Auxiliary Resources in Lessons," which was developed by the researchers. Semi-structured interviews were held with teachers, parents and students in order to obtain detailed information on the subject. In the study, frequency (f) and percentages (%) were used in the analysis of quantitative data; the descriptive analysis approach was preferred in analyzing qualitative data. As a result of the research, participants stated that auxiliary resources are necessary for central exams, that auxiliary resources are more liked by students, that auxiliary resources are more interesting, that the subjects are discussed more simply and concisely in auxiliary resources, that these resources provide the opportunity to do more activities, and that there is more in these resources. It was determined that they stated that there were questions, that auxiliary resources relieved the boringness of textbooks, and that auxiliary resources were of higher quality and useful.  Article visualizations

Investigation of Mitochondrial Cytb Gene Region of Both Echinococcus granulosus Eggs from Dogs and Cystic Echinococcosis Isolates Obtained from Sheep and Cattle by Molecular Methods

Background: We aimed to determine the common Echinococcus granulosus genotypes in Ağrı, Türkiye and to obtain information on the transmission of this parasite. Methods: Cystic echinococcosis samples from 100 slaughtered cattle and 100 slaughtered sheep and faecal samples from 200 stray dogs were included in 2021. Collected cyst fluid samples and faces were examined microscopically. DNA was isolated from the germinal membrane of the cysts and from the parasite eggs in the stool samples. The mitochondrial cytb gene region of the parasite was amplified by PCR. Genotypes were determined using the Basic Local Alignment Search Tool (BLAST) after sequence analysis of PCR amplicons. Results: The highest percentage of cysts was found in the lungs of sheep and the liver of cattle. In addition, 75% of sheep cysts and 25.6% of cattle cysts were fertile. Taenia spp./Echinococcus spp. eggs were found in 6% of the faeces of 200 dogs examined microscopically. E. granulosus eggs were detected in 4 out of 50 stool samples analysed by PCR. All samples analysed by sequence analysis were identified as E. granulosus s.s. G1 genotype. Sequence comparison revealed revealed one or more-point mutations in different regions of the five samples. Conclusion: E. granulosus s.s. G1 genotype, known as sheep strain, is common in the Ağrı, Türkiye. The controlled slaughter of livestock, especially sheep, and the avoidance of feeding hydatid cyst organs to dogs, together with public education, were necessary to prevent the spread of the disease

Seven Years of Retention of Severe Mandibular Prognathism Treated With Bimaxillary Surgery: Two Case Reports

These case reports describe the surgical treatment of 2 male adult patients with severe mandibular prognathism. For both patients, anterior repositioning of the maxilla by Le Fort I osteotomies with and without impaction and mandibular posterior repositioning by sagittal split ramus osteotomies were performed. The aim of this case report is to identify successfully treated surgical cases maintaining the results throughout the follow-up period of 7 years