Achillea millefolium L. subsp. millefolium essential oil’s antifungal effect

This study was carried out with the aim of determining the antifungal effect of the essential oil isolated from Achillea millefolium subsp. millefolium plant against pathogenic fungi. In order to test the antifungal effect of the oil, an analysis was conducted on a total of 4 pathogen fungi which included Candida albicans, Candida tropicalis, Candida parapsilosis and Saccharomyces cerevisiae, and the effect of the essential oil on the growth of these fungi was investigated. The essential oil of A. millefolium ssp. millefolium had varying degrees of effect on the tested fungi. The highest antifungal effect was found against S. cerevisiae; whereas the lowest antifungal effect was found against C. parapsilosis. Nystatin showed a higher activity than the essential oil of A. millefolium subsp. millefolium against the tested fungi. MIC values ​​of the essential oil against the tested fungi ranged from 1.25 μl/ml to 10 μl/ml. The results obtained indicate that essential oil of A. millefolium subsp. millefolium can be used as an alternative to antifungal agents such as amphotericin, ketoconazole, and fluconazole. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.134633

Abuse Of Procuration Within the Scope Of the Law Of Obligations

Uygulamada temsilcinin temsil olunanın menfaatine aykı -rı biçimde davrandığı durumlarla sıklıkla karşılaşılmaktadır. Görünümolarak temsil yetkisinin sınırları içinde kalmakla beraber, temsilcinindürüstlük kuralına aykırı şekilde, yapması gerekenleri yapmayarak yada yapmaması gerekenleri yaparak, temsil yetkisini temsil olunanınmenfaatine aykırı şekilde kullanması halinde temsil yetkisinin kötüyekullanılmasından söz edilir. Türk Borçlar Kanunu’nun temsile ilişkinhükümleri arasında temsil yetkisinin kötüye kullanılması durumunailişkin özel bir düzenleme bulunmamaktadır. Dolayısıyla bu durumdahangi hükümlerin uygulanması gerektiği hususu tartışmalıdır. Çalış -mada temsil yetkisinin kötüye kullanılmasının hukuksal dayanağı, un -surları, temsil yetkisinin kötüye kullanılması halleri, temsil yetkisininkötüye kullanılmasının sonuçları kapsamında yapılan hukukî işlemingeçerliliği ile iade ve tazminat talepleri, Türk, İsviçre ve Alman öğ -retisinde ileri sürülen görüşler ve ilgili Yargıtay kararları ışığında elealınmış, savunduğumuz görüşler gerekçeleri ile ortaya konmuştur.Ayrıca temsil yetkisinin kötüye kullanıldığının ispatı zor ve önemli birsorundur. Bu nedenle çalışmada temsil yetkisinin kötüye kullanılma -sı konusunda ispat yüküne ve Yargıtay kararlarında ispat konusundakabul edilen karinelere de yer verilmiştir.In practice, many situations where the representa - tive’s acts contrary to the interests of the principal are frequently encountered. Although being within the boundaries of procuration in appearance, the procuration is abused if the representative uses the procuration in a way contrary to the interests of the principal, in contradiction with the principle of acting in good faith, by not do - ing what he should do or by doing what he should not do. There is no specifi provision regarding the abuse of procuration under the Turkish Code of Obligations. Thus there is a controversy on the provisions to be applied in this case. In this study, the legal basis of the abuse of procuration, the components, the cases forming abuse of procuration, the validity of the transaction, claims for return and compensation within the scope of the consequences of the abuse of procuration shall be discussed in the light of the opinions put forward in the Turkish, Swiss and German doctrines and relevant Supreme Court decisions. As well, our opinion shall be presented with the argumentation. Since the proof of abuse of procuration is a diffilt and important problem, the burden of proof on the abuse of procuration and the presumptions adopted in the Supreme Court decisions shall also be included in the study

Burst Tails from SGR J1550-5418 Observed with Rossi X-ray Timing Explorer

We present the results of our extensive search using the Bayesian block method for long tails following short bursts from a magnetar, SGR J1550-5418, over all RXTE observations of the source. We identified four bursts with extended tails, most of which occurred during its 2009 burst active episode. The durations of tails range between ~13 s and over 3 ks, which are much longer than the typical duration of bursts. We performed detailed spectral and temporal analysis of the burst tails. We find that the spectra of three tails show a thermal nature with a trend of cooling throughout the tail. We compare the results of our investigations with the properties of four other extended tails detected from SGR 1900+14 and SGR 1806-20 and suggest a scenario for the origin of the tail in the framework of the magnetar model.Comment: 10 pages, 7 figures, 4 tables, accepted for publication in Ap

A glitch and an anti-glitch in the anomalous X-ray pulsar 1E 1841-045

We investigated the long-term spin properties of the anomalous X-ray pulsar (AXP) 1E 1841-045 by performing a temporal analysis of archival RXTE observations spanning about 5.2 yr from 2006 September to 2011 December. We identified two peculiar timing anomalies within ~1 yr of each other: a glitch with Delta(nu)/nu ~ 4.8 x 10^{-6} near MJD 54303; and an anti-glitch with Delta(nu)/nu ~ -5.8 x 10^{-7} near MJD 54656. The glitch that we identified, which is the fourth glitch seen in this source in the 13 yr of RXTE monitoring, is similar to the last two detected glitches. The anti-glitch from 1E 1841-045, however, is the first to be identified. The amplitude of the anti-glitch was comparable with that recently observed in AXP 1E 2259+586. We found no significant variations in the pulsed X-ray output of the source during either the glitch or the anti-glitch. We discuss our results in relation to the standard pulsar glitch mechanisms for the glitch, and to plausible magnetospheric scenarios for the anti-glitch.Comment: 6 pages, 3 figures, 3 tables, published in MNRA

Comparison of Antioxidant Activity of Roccella phycopsis Ach. (Roccellaceae) and Flavoparmelia caperata L. Hale (Parmeliaceae) Lichens

The antioxidant activity of Roccella phycopsis Ach. and Flavoparmelia caperata L. Hale lichens was determined by their ability to scavenge free radicals like DPPH (2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl) and ABTS (2,2’-azinobis-(3-ethylbenzothiaziline-6-sulfonate). Total phenolic and flavonoid contents, metal chelating activity and reducing power of the extracs were also measured. Both lichens species displayed noticeable antioxidant activity. The total flavonoid content of methanol and ethanol extracts of the lichens ranged from 110.06±0.004 µg/mL to 154.1±0.007 µg/mL and from 40.96±0.005 µg/mL to 65.23±0.007 µg/mL, respectively. F. caperata lichen showed higher ferric reducing antioxidant power and DPPH radical quenching activity than R. phycopsis lichen. Based on the obtained results, this lichen species are natural sources of antioxidant substances

AKREDİTİF AÇTIRAN İLE AKREDİTİF BANKASI ARASINDAKİ İLİŞKİ

Milletlerarası ticaret alanında uygulanan bir ödeme yöntemi olan akreditif, bir-den çok kişiyi ve ilişkiyi barındıran bir bütündür. Akreditifte; akreditif açtıran, akreditif bankası ve akreditif lehtarı olmak üzere en az üç kişi bulunur. Akreditif açtıran ve akre-ditif bankası arasındaki ilişki karşılık ilişkisi olarak isimlendirilmekte olup, bu ilişkiden kaynaklanan uyuşmazlıklarla sıklıkla karşılaşılmaktadır. Söz konusu uyuşmazlıkların çözümü bakımından, akreditif açtıran ile akreditif bankası arasındaki ilişkinin irdelen-mesi önemlidir. Bu kapsamda çalışmada, akreditif talimatının genel itibarıyla özellikleri belirtilerek, akreditif açtıran ve akreditif bankası arasındaki ilişki bakımından tarafların yükümlülüklerine ve ilişkinin hukukî niteliği hakkında öğretide ileri sürülen görüşlere yer verilmiş, savunduğumuz görüş gerekçeleri ile ortaya konmuş ve bankanın akreditif açtırana karşı sorumlu olduğu ve olmadığı haller tespit edilmiştir

Akreditif Açtıran İleakreditif Bankası Arasındaki İlişki

Milletlerarası ticaret alanında uygulanan bir ödeme yöntemi olan akreditif, bir-den çok kişiyi ve ilişkiyi barındıran bir bütündür. Akreditifte; akreditif açtıran, akreditif bankası ve akreditif lehtarı olmak üzere en az üç kişi bulunur. Akreditif açtıran ve akre-ditif bankası arasındaki ilişki karşılık ilişkisi olarak isimlendirilmekte olup, bu ilişkiden kaynaklanan uyuşmazlıklarla sıklıkla karşılaşılmaktadır. Söz konusu uyuşmazlıkların çözümü bakımından, akreditif açtıran ile akreditif bankası arasındaki ilişkinin irdelen-mesi önemlidir. Bu kapsamda çalışmada, akreditif talimatının genel itibarıyla özellikleri belirtilerek, akreditif açtıran ve akreditif bankası arasındaki ilişki bakımından tarafların yükümlülüklerine ve ilişkinin hukukî niteliği hakkında öğretide ileri sürülen görüşlere yer verilmiş, savunduğumuz görüş gerekçeleri ile ortaya konmuş ve bankanın akreditif açtırana karşı sorumlu olduğu ve olmadığı haller tespit edilmiştir

Assessment of the association between the presence of fragmented QRS and the predicted risk score of sudden cardiac death at 5 years in patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy

Objective: It has been shown that the presence of fragmented QRS (fQRS) is associated with poor prognosis in many cardiovascular diseases and in patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM). However, no study has shown an association with the absolute risk score of sudden cardiac death. The aim of this study was to determine the relationship between QRS and the predicted risk score of sudden cardiac death at 5 years (HCM Risk-SCD) in HCM patients.Methods: In total, 115 consecutive HCM patients were included in this prospective observational study. The patients were divided into two groups according to the presence [fQRS(+) group (n=65)] or absence [fQRS(–) group (n=50)] of fQRS on a 12-lead electrocardiogram (ECG).Results: The HCM Risk-SCD (%) HCM Risk-SCD (>6%) values and some echocardiographic parameters, including ventricular extrasystole, ventricular tachycardia, cardiopulmonary resuscitation, implantable cardioverter defibrillator implantation, appropriate shock, and heart failure at the time of admission, were significantly higher in the fQRS(+) group than in the fQRS(–) group (all p4 was identified as an effective cut-off point in fQRS for HCM. An HCM Risk-SCD value of >4 yielded a sensitivity of 77% and a specificity of 76%.Conclusion: fQRS is determined to be an independent high-risk indicator of HCM Risk-SCD. It seems to be associated with increased ventricular arrhythmias and some echocardiographic parameter

Predictive value of C-reactive protein/albumin ratio for no-reflow in patients with Non-ST-elevation myocardial infarction

Introduction: The focus of this research was to explore the link between CRP (C-reactive protein)/albumin ratio (CAR), a novel inflammatory response marker, and no-reflow (NR) phenomena in non-ST elevation myocardial infarction (non-STEMI) patients during percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). Methods: The current study recruited 209 non-STEMI participants who underwent PCI. The patients were divided into two groups based on their post-intervention Thrombolysis in Myocardial Infarction (TIMI) flow grade; those with and without NR. Results: In all, 30 non-STEMI patients (6.9%) had NR after PCI. CAR values were substantially greater in the NR group. The CAR was identified to be a determinant of the NR (OR: 1.250, 95% CI: 1.033-1.513, P = 0.02), although CRP and albumin were not independently related with NR in the multivariate analysis. In our investigation, low density lipoprotein-cholesterol levels and high thrombus burden were also predictors of the occurrence of NR. According to receiver operating characteristic curve evaluation, the optimal value of CAR was > 1.4 with 60% sensitivity and 47% specificity in detecting NR in non-STEMI patients following PCI. Conclusion: To the best of knowledge, this is the first investigation to demonstrate that the CAR, a new and useful inflammatory marker, can be utilized as a predictor of NR in patients with non-STEMI prior to PCI

The association of left atrial mechanics with left ventricular morphology in patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy: A cardiac magnetic resonance study

Purpose: Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) is related with structural and pathologic changes in the left atrium (LA) and left ventricle (LV). The aim of this study was to explore the association between LA mechanics and LV charac-teristics in patients with HCM using cardiac magnetic resonance feature tracking (CMR-FT). Material and methods: A total of 76 patients with HCM and 26 healthy controls were included in the study. The pa-rameters including the extent of LV late gadolinium enhancement (LGE-%) and the LV early diastolic longitudinal strain rate (edLSR) were assessed for LV. LA conduit, booster, and reservoir functions were assessed by LA fractional volumes and strain analyses using CMR-FT. HCM patients were classified as HCM patients without LGE, with mild LGE-% (0% = 10%), and prominent LGE-% (10% < LGE-%).Results: HCM patients had worse LA functions compared with the controls (p < 0.05). The majority of LA functional indices were more impaired in HCM patients with regard to LGE. LA volumes were higher in HCM patients with prominent LGE-% compared with HCM patients with mild LGE-% (p < 0.05). However, only a minority of LA functional parameters differed between the 2 groups. LA strain parameters showed weak to modest correlations with LV LGE-% and LV edLSR.Conclusions: LV characteristics, to some extent, influence LA mechanics, but they might not be the only factor induc-ing LA dysfunction in patients with HCM