Xerocomellus carmeniae (Boletales, Basidiomycota), un nuevo hongo del noreste de México

Background and Aims: Xerocomellus is a genus of the Boletaceae family, characterized by the small to medium, boletoid to gastroid basidiomata, usually with areolate pileus, and smooth to ornamented basidiospores. So far only two species are known from Mexico. The aim of this study is to describe a new species of Xerocomellus, based on morphological, molecular and ecological data. Methods: Sampling of studied specimens was carried out in Nuevo León state, northeastern Mexico (2009 and 2016). Classic protocols for macrofungi were followed. Hand cut sections of specimens were made and mounted in KOH and Melzer reagent to observe microstructures. The identification of the putative host tree was made in the botanical herbarium CFNL of the Facultad de Ciencias Forestales, Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León; the type of forest was identified according to field observations and satellite images. DNA was extracted from three different collections. The ITS region and the gene LSU were obtained and analyzed. The material was deposited in the mycological collections of the herbaria “José Castillo Tovar” (ITCV) of the Instituto Tecnológico de Ciudad Victoria and CFNL. Key results: Xerocomellus carmeniae differs from other Xerocomellus species by the following combination of characteristics: boletoid basidiomata, reddish areolate pileus, yellowish stipe, and basidiospores of 10.5-13.6 × 5.7-7.8 µm, elongate, sometimes truncate. Conclusions: Xerocomellus carmeniae is the third species of this genus known from Mexico and is putatively associated to Quercus cambyi. Some specimens show an aberrant form, but more studies are recommended to evaluate a possible transition to a secotioid form.Antecedentes y Objetivos: Xerocomellus es un género de la familia Boletaceae, caracterizado por el basidioma pequeño a mediano, boletoide o gastroide, usualmente con píleo areolado y esporas lisas u ornamentadas. Hasta ahora se conocen dos especies de México. El objetivo de este estudio es describir una nueva especie de Xerocomellus basada en datos morfológicos, moleculares y ecológicos. Métodos: El muestreo de los especímenes estudiados se realizó en el estado de Nuevo León, noreste de México (2009 y 2016). Se siguieron los protocolos clásicos para macro hongos. Se hicieron cortes manuales de especímenes y se montaron en KOH y reactivo de Melzer para observar microestructuras. La identificación del hospedero putativo se realizó en el herbario CFNL de la Facultad de Ciencias Forestales, Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León; el tipo de bosque se identificó de acuerdo con observaciones de campo e imágenes de satélite. Se extrajo ADN de tres diferentes colecciones. Se obtuvieron y analizaron la región ITS y el gen LSU. El material se depositó en las colecciones micológicas de los herbarios “José Castillo Tovar” (ITCV) del Instituto Tecnológico de Ciudad Victoria y CFNL. Resultados clave: Xerocomellus carmeniae se diferencia de otros Xerocomellus por la siguiente combinación de características: basidiomas boletoides, píleo areolados rojizo, estípite amarillentos y basidiosporas de 10.5-13.6 × 5.7-7.8 μm, elongadas, a veces truncadas. Conclusiones: Xerocomellus carmeniae es la tercera especie de este género conocida de México y está putativamente asociada con Quercus canbyi. Algunos especímenes mostraron una forma aberrante, pero se recomiendan más estudios para evaluar una posible transición a una forma secotioide

FIGURE 2 in Two new species of Chroogomphus (Gomphidiaceae, Boletales) with biocultural importance in the Tlahuica-Pjiekakjoo culture from Central Mexico

FIGURE 2. Chroogomphus conacytiensis (MEXU-HO 30431, holotype, MEXU-HO- 30452 paratype). A. General view of basidiomata. B. Basidioma. C. Stipe surface and partial velum. D. Basidiospores. E. Basidium and cystidium. F. Basidia. G. Lamellar trama. H–I. Two different cystidia forms. J–L Pileipellis. Scale bars: 10 mm (A–C); 10µm (D, E, F, H, I, K, L); 100 µm (G,); 25 µm (J).Published as part of Pérez-Moreno, Jesús, Martínez-Reyes, Magdalena, Martínezgonzález, César Ramiro, Ramírez-Carbajal, Elisette, Carrera-Martínez, Anaitzi, Fuente, Javier Isaac De La, Olvera-Noriega, Joan Windhoek & Ayala-Vásquez, Olivia, 2023, Two new species of Chroogomphus (Gomphidiaceae, Boletales) with biocultural importance in the Tlahuica-Pjiekakjoo culture from Central Mexico, pp. 289-298 in Phytotaxa 579 (4) on page 293, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.579.4.6, http://zenodo.org/record/756401

Fungal Systematics and Evolution: FUSE 6

With only 138,000 formally described fungal species (Kirk 2019) out of an estimated 2.2–3.8 million (Hawksworth & Lücking 2017) to 6 million (Taylor et al. 2014), between 97.7 and 93.7% of fungal species are left to be characterized. These may be discovered in poorly studied habitats and geographic areas (e.g., tropical rainforests), as molecular novelties, within cryptic taxa, in fungal collections (e.g., new species hidden under current names and in unidentified material), and during studies of plant and insect collections (Hawksworth & Lücking 2017, Wijayawardene et al. 2020). This large discrepancy between described and undescribed species needs to be addressed and recent work has shown that mycologists are nowhere near levelling off the curve in describing new species (Hyde et al. 2020b). Together with other series—Fungal Biodiversity Profiles (Rossi et al. 2020), Fungal Diversity Notes (Hyde et al. 2020a), Fungal Planet (Crous et al. 2020a), Mycosphere Notes (Pem et al. 2019), New and Interesting Fungi (Crous et al. 2020b)—the Fungal Systematics and Evolution series published by Sydowia contributes to a much-needed acceleration of discovery and description of fungal diversity. The present paper is the sixth contribution in the FUSE series published by Sydowia, after Crous et al. (2015), Hernández-Restrepo et al. (2016), KrisaiGreilhuber et al. (2017), Liu et al. (2018), and Song et al. (2019). Altogether, one family, six genera, 67 species, and 22 combinations have been introduced in the FUSE series.publishedVersio

Fungal Systematics and Evolution: FUSE 6

With only 138,000 formally described fungal species (Kirk 2019) out of an estimated 2.2–3.8 million (Hawksworth & Lücking 2017) to 6 million (Taylor et al. 2014), between 97.7 and 93.7% of fungal species are left to be characterized. These may be discovered in poorly studied habitats and geographic areas (e.g., tropical rainforests), as molecular novelties, within cryptic taxa, in fungal collections (e.g., new species hidden under current names and in unidentified material), and during studies of plant and insect collections (Hawksworth & Lücking 2017, Wijayawardene et al. 2020). This large discrepancy between described and undescribed species needs to be addressed and recent work has shown that mycologists are nowhere near levelling off the curve in describing new species (Hyde et al. 2020b). Together with other series—Fungal Biodiversity Profiles (Rossi et al. 2020), Fungal Diversity Notes (Hyde et al. 2020a), Fungal Planet (Crous et al. 2020a), Mycosphere Notes (Pem et al. 2019), New and Interesting Fungi (Crous et al. 2020b)—the Fungal Systematics and Evolution series published by Sydowia contributes to a much-needed acceleration of discovery and description of fungal diversity. The present paper is the sixth contribution in the FUSE series published by Sydowia, after Crous et al. (2015), Hernández-Restrepo et al. (2016), KrisaiGreilhuber et al. (2017), Liu et al. (2018), and Song et al. (2019). Altogether, one family, six genera, 67 species, and 22 combinations have been introduced in the FUSE series