2種の多型メダカ集団におけるゲノム・エピゲノム比較解析

学位の種別: 課程博士審査委員会委員 : （主査）東京大学教授 久保 健雄, 東京大学教授 岡 良隆, 東京大学教授 武田 洋幸, 東京大学准教授 入江 直樹, 東京大学准教授 近藤 真理子University of Tokyo(東京大学

Década de la Energía Sostenible para Todos

Naciones Unidas, tras la proclamación de 2012 como "Año Internacional de la Energía Sostenible para todos", refuerza ahora su ambicioso pero fundamentado proyecto de revolución energética, instituyendo una Década (2014-2024) destinada a la puesta en marcha de las medidas necesarias para que la totalidad de los seres humanos pueda disponer de recursos energéticos renovables y no contaminantes. Se pretende así contribuir a erradicar la pobreza y a atajar el destructivo desarreglo climático que ya estamos empezando a sufrir

A phantom study investigating the relationship between ground-glass opacity visibility and physical detectability index in low-dose chest computed tomography

In this study, the relationship between ground-glass opacity (GGO) visibility and physical detectability index in low-dose computed tomography (LDCT) for lung cancer screening was investigated. An anthropomorphic chest phantom that included synthetic GGOs with CT numbers of -630 Hounsfield units (HU; high attenuation GGO: HGGO) and -800 HU (low attenuation GGO: LGGO), and three phantoms for physical measurements were employed. The phantoms were scanned using 12 CT systems located in 11 screening centers in Japan. The slice thicknesses and CT dose indices (CTDIvol) varied over 1.0-5.0 mm and 0.85-3.30 mGy, respectively, and several reconstruction kernels were used. Physical detectability index values were calculated from measurements of resolution, noise, and slice thickness properties for all image sets. Five radiologists and one thoracic surgeon, blind to one another\u27s observations, evaluated GGO visibility using a five-point scoring system. The physical detectability index correlated reasonably well with the GGO visibility (R2 = 0.709, p vol. Consequently, the CTDIvol also correlated reasonably well with the GGO visibility (R2 = 0.701, p vol was nearly dominant in the GGO visibility for image sets with different reconstruction kernels and slice thicknesses, used in this study

QOL after RT or OP for uterine cervix cancer

This study aimed to research the post-treatment quality of life (QOL) between radiotherapy (RT)- and operation (OP)-treated early cervical cancer survivors, using separate questionnaires for physicians and patients. We administered an observational questionnaire to patients aged 20–70 years old with Stages IB1–IIB cervical cancer who had undergone RT or OP and without recurrence as outpatients for ≥6 months after treatment. We divided 100 registered patients equally into two treatment groups (n = 50 each). The average age was 53 and 44 years in the RT and OP groups, respectively. The RT group included 34 and 66% Stage I and II patients, respectively, whereas the OP group included 66 and 34% Stage I and II patients, respectively. The OP group included 58% of patients with postoperative RT. Combination chemotherapy was performed in 84 and 48% of patients in the RT and OP groups, respectively. On the physicians’ questionnaire, we observed significant differences in bone marrow suppression (RT) and leg edema (OP). On the patients’ questionnaire, significantly more patients had dysuria and leg edema in the OP group than in the RT group, and severe (Score 4–5) leg edema was significantly higher in the post-operative RT group than in the OP only group. The frequency of sexual intercourse decreased after treatment in both groups. On the patients’ questionnaire, there were no significant differences between the two groups regarding sexual activity. These findings are useful to patients and physicians for shared decision-making in treatment choices. The guidance of everyday life and health information including sexual life after treatment is important

DOCK2 is involved in the host genetics and biology of severe COVID-19

「コロナ制圧タスクフォース」COVID-19疾患感受性遺伝子DOCK2の重症化機序を解明 --アジア最大のバイオレポジトリーでCOVID-19の治療標的を発見--. 京都大学プレスリリース. 2022-08-10.Identifying the host genetic factors underlying severe COVID-19 is an emerging challenge. Here we conducted a genome-wide association study (GWAS) involving 2, 393 cases of COVID-19 in a cohort of Japanese individuals collected during the initial waves of the pandemic, with 3, 289 unaffected controls. We identified a variant on chromosome 5 at 5q35 (rs60200309-A), close to the dedicator of cytokinesis 2 gene (DOCK2), which was associated with severe COVID-19 in patients less than 65 years of age. This risk allele was prevalent in East Asian individuals but rare in Europeans, highlighting the value of genome-wide association studies in non-European populations. RNA-sequencing analysis of 473 bulk peripheral blood samples identified decreased expression of DOCK2 associated with the risk allele in these younger patients. DOCK2 expression was suppressed in patients with severe cases of COVID-19. Single-cell RNA-sequencing analysis (n = 61 individuals) identified cell-type-specific downregulation of DOCK2 and a COVID-19-specific decreasing effect of the risk allele on DOCK2 expression in non-classical monocytes. Immunohistochemistry of lung specimens from patients with severe COVID-19 pneumonia showed suppressed DOCK2 expression. Moreover, inhibition of DOCK2 function with CPYPP increased the severity of pneumonia in a Syrian hamster model of SARS-CoV-2 infection, characterized by weight loss, lung oedema, enhanced viral loads, impaired macrophage recruitment and dysregulated type I interferon responses. We conclude that DOCK2 has an important role in the host immune response to SARS-CoV-2 infection and the development of severe COVID-19, and could be further explored as a potential biomarker and/or therapeutic target

Humoral immune response in experimental ddY mice Paracoccidioidomycosis

A paracoccidioidomicose (PCM) é uma micose sistêmica, restrita à América Latina, com maior incidência no Brasil. O camundongo ddY tem sido empregado como modelo murino de PCM e, no entanto, não há informações a respeito da resposta imune desse animal frente à infecção. O presente estudo tem como objetivo avaliar a resposta imune humoral específica para o principal antígeno, gp43, do fungo Paracoccidioides brasiliensis, em camundongos ddY infectados com a cepa virulenta Pb 18. Foram realizadas análises da antigenemia e histopatológico em vários órgãos e em diferentes tempos pós-infecção. Os resultados obtidos demonstraram aumento nos níveis de IgG anti-gp43 nos dias 14, 17, 21, 24, 28 e 56 pós-infecção e aumento no nível de gp43 solúvel aos 28 dias pós-infecção. As células fúngicas foram detectadas em todos os órgãos analisados (cérebro, coração, pulmão, fígado, baço e rim) e em todos os períodos. As lesões granulomatosas tornaramse predominantes 14 dias pós-infecção. Os resultados evidenciaram que o camundongo ddY produz resposta imune humoral frente ao principal antígeno de P. brasiliensis, apresentando-se elevado até 56 dias pósinfecção. A redução do nível de gp43 solúvel na fase crônica, supostamente devido ao início do controle da infecção, requer estudos complementares adicionais.Paracoccidioidomycosis (PCM) is a systemic mycosis, restrict to Latin America, with higher incidence in Brazil. ddY mice have been used as experimental PCM model, although there is no data regarding immune response. The aim of the present study was evaluated specific humoral response against the main specific antigen of the fungal Paracoccidioides brasiliensis, the gp43, in ddY mice infected with virulent Pb 18. Antigenemia analysis and histophatological exam in several organs were performed in different time postinfection The results showed increased levels of anti-gp43 IgG on days 14, 17, 21, 24, 28 and 56 post-infection and increased levels of soluble gp-43 on day 28 post-infection. The fungal cells were detected in all organs analyzed (brain, heart, lung, liver, spleen and kidney) in all investigated periods. The granulomatous lesions became predominant 14 days after infection. The results evidence that ddY mice produce humoral immune response to main P. brasiliensis antigen, with high levels until 56 days after infection. Further studies are needed to show that reduction of soluble gp43 in chronic phase correlates with infection control

Emergency medical treatment of patients undergoing otolaryngology in the southeastern part of Okayama Prefecture

To clarify the scenario regarding the emergency medical treatment of patients undergoing otolaryngology in southeastern Okayama Prefecture in Japan, we evaluated the conditions in three hospitals that mainly provide emergency medical treatment to patients undergoing otorhinolaryngology at night or on holidays. The data (age, sex, type of disease, and address) of patients who visited Japanese Red Cross Okayama Hospital, Kawasaki Medical School General Medical Center, and Okayama Medical Center in 2018 were collected and compared. All three hospitals reported many cases of tonsillar abscess and nasal bleeding. In the study population, the number of patients aged ≤10 and 10-20 years were the lowest and highest, respectively. Patients residing in southern Okayama City and Tamano City tended to visit Japanese Red Cross Okayama Hospital or Kawasaki Medical School General Medical Center. Patients residing in northeastern Okayama Prefecture and northern Okayama City tended to visit Okayama Medical Center. A ceiling for the senior physicians’ capacity will be introduced in April 2020, and thus the number of otolaryngology-related treatments performed in Okayama Prefecture is expected to decrease. The otolaryngologyrelated emergency medical treatment in southeastern Okayama Prefecture may collapse. Emergency medical care systems must therefore be considered in the future