The researces on planting time and planting systems in strawberry in organic conditions in Sivasli county in Usak province

Bu çalışma, 2008-2010 yılları arasında Uşak-Sivaslı ilçesinde organik koşullarda çilekte dikim zamanı ve dikim sistemleri üzerinde araştırma amacıyla gerçekleştirilmiştir. Denemeler dört yinelemeli olarak split-split deneme desenine göre kurulmuş ve bitkisel materyal olarak Camarosa çilek çeşidi kullanılmıştır. Deneme alanı 2008 sonbaharında önce üç ana parçaya bölünmüş, her ana parçanın bir adedine yeşil gübre olarak 20.5 kg/da hesabıyla bakla ve bezelye tohumu ekilmiş, diğer parsel kontrol olarak bırakılmıştır. Her ana parsel, üç alt parsele bölünerek 3 farklı zamanda (19 Mayıs, 19 Temmuz, 17 Eylül 2009) dikim yapılmıştır. Alt parseller de mini parsellere bölünerek dikim sistemleri oluşturulmuştur. Bu dikim sistemleri; iki sıralı+siyah malç, dört sıralı+siyah malç, iki sıralı+saman+siyah malç kombinasyonu ve alçak tünel+iki sıralı+saman dır. Çalışmanın ilk dikim yılı olan, 2009 yılında genelde kaotik sonuçlar alınırken; esas ürün yılı olan 2010 yılında, bakla gübrelemesi, 1. dikim zamanı ve tünel dikim sisteminin erkenci ürün üzerinde olumlu etkisinin olduğu; toplam verimde ise bakla gübrelemesi, 1. dikim zamanı ve iki sıra+saman uygulamasının bir avantaja sahip olduğu; meyve kalitesinde dikim zamanları geciktikçe artma olduğu saptanmıştır.The research was carried out in order to determine the planting time and planting systems in strawberry in organic conditions in Sivaslı county in Uşak province between 2008 and 2010 years. The research was planned with four replications in split-split plot design and one of the strawberry cultivars, `Camarosa' was used. Experiment area was divided to three main parcels, broad bean and pea were sowed in to two the main parcels separately. Last main parcel was left as control. Each main parcel was divided into three sub parcels and three different planting time (19 May, 19 July, 17 September 2009) was assigned to the sub parcels. Each sub parcel was divided into four sub-sub parcels, each planting system was apllied on to each sub-sub parcel. Planting system were two line+black mulch, four line+black mulch, two line+straw+black mulch and low tunnel+two line+straw combinations. The first planting years, in 2009 year, the results were comlex. In 2010 years which is taken main products, broad bean fertilization in the first planting time and low tunnel planting system showed that positive effect on earlines; in term of total productive, broad been fertilization in the first planting time and two line+straw applications had the advantages. The more planting time was delayed, the more fruit quality was developed

Horticultural Characteristics of Summer Apple Cultivars from Turkey

Early varieties with a short active vegetation period are not exposed to abiotic stress factors for instance drought, high temperature, etc., caused by global climate change, and biotic stress factors such as codling moth (Cydia pomonella) and apple scab (Venturia inequalis) that cause serious economic losses. Therefore, their places are extremely important regarding sustainable, economical and quality production. In this context, four early varieties of apple (‘Vista Bella’, ‘Summer Red’, ‘Williams Pride’ and ‘Jersey Mac’) grown in Eskisehir—Turkey where has continental climate were characterized in terms of horticultural characteristics. The difference observed in flowering and harvest times between years showed that average air temperatures are essential on phenological characteristics. Furthermore, high temperature accelerates development physiology of fruit. Major important characteristics, namely, fruit length, width, weight, soluble solid content, antioxidant activity, vitamin C and total phenolic content were found in the range of 39.19–50.88 mm, 51.48–60.81 mm, 80.59–86.16 g, 11.87–12.19%, 50.69–80.57%, 2.24–4.79 mg 100 mL−1 and 259.23–871.42 mg GAE (gallic acid equivalent) L−1, respectively. ‘Summer Red’ and ‘Williams Pride’ varieties were found to be good in terms of pomological characteristics, while ‘Vista Bella’ came to the fore with its chemical properties. On the other hand, ‘Jersey Mac’ has shown superior performance in terms of both pomological and chemical characteristics. Pomological characteristics are affected more by ecological differences, while chemical characteristics vary according to the changes in the pomological properties. Pomological characteristics were found to have a significant positive correlation with each other but negatively correlated with chemical characteristics

Screening of Naturally Grown European Cranberrybush (Viburnum opulus L.) Genotypes Based on Physico-Chemical Characteristics

It has become very important to offer species with high nutritional value as fresh or processed products for human consumption in their daily diet for balanced nutrition. In the scope of this study, 15 naturally grown European Cranberry bush (ECB) genotypes that naturally grown were characterized in terms of horticultural characteristics. Fruit length, fruit width, fruit weight, the number of fruits per each cluster and cluster weight were determined within the ranges of 8.78–10.96 mm, 7.93–10.84 mm, 0.21–0.70 g, 31–121, and 7.70–66.67 g, respectively. Ranking of the average values of examined organic acids obtained from all genotypes found as; malic acid (11,419 mg L−1) > citric acid (1926 mg L−1) > ascorbic acid (581 mg L−1) > oxalic acid (561 mg L−1). Total phenolic content (TPC) and total flavonoid content (TFC) were found at high levels in ECB with 2922–3475 mg gallic acid equivalent (GAE) L−1 and 1463–3163 mg quercetin equivalents (QE) L−1, respectively. While pomological characteristics were found to be highly positive correlated with each other, they were negatively correlated with chemical properties. Low pH was found to be an important parameter to obtain higher amounts of phytochemicals such as TPC, TFC, organic and phenolic acids correlated with strong antioxidant effects. The obtained results will be useful for both germplasm enrichment and cultivation

Morphological and Biochemical Diversity in Fruits of Arbutus unedo L. from East Aegean Region in Turkey [Morphologische und biochemische Vielfalt bei Früchten von Arbutus unedo L. aus dem ostägäischen Gebiet der Türkei]

Proper characterization of genotypes and cultivars of different fruit species are of great importance for breeding point. Thus, both morphological and biochemical markers are routinely used to describe cultivars and genotypes. In this study, the morphological (fruit weight, fruit number per cluster, color), biochemical (total phenolics, total dietary fibre, total fat, vitamin C, sugars and organic acids) and antioxidant capacity existing in 15 promising strawberry tree (Arbutus unedo) genotypes selected from Mugla province in Turkey has been investigated. It turns out that a great difference in the values indicating morphological and biochemical characteristics exists among strawberry tree genotypes. Fruit weight comes out as between 4.67 and 7.88?g. The number of fruit per cluster is identified as between 3.77 and 8.60. Fructose is determined as the dominant sugar and malic acid as the major organic acid for all genotypes. Vitamin C and total dietary fibre content range from 46 to 62?mg/100?g and 9.74 to 13.28?g/100?g fresh fruits, respectively. © 2019, Springer-Verlag GmbH Deutschland, ein Teil von Springer Nature

Effect of melatonin and gibberellic acid foliar application on the yield and quality of Jumbo blackberry species

Not many chemical hormone studies does exist in our country especially in berry fruits. Foliar application of melatonin and gibberellic acid hormones was performed in 2016 and 2017 in order to analyze the effects of different doses of hormone applications on fruit quality and yield. Pheonologic, pomological and some bioactive content analyses of these hormones were studied. According to the research results, while M + GA10 ppm (240.50; 3.9) and M + GA 5 ppm (226.50; 3.6) applications have the highest fruit number and weight (g), the highest fruit size was obtained from GA 5 ppm (21.21 mm fruit length, 16.56 mm fruit width) and M 10 ppm (21.10 mm fruit length, 16.20 mm fruit width) chemical applications in Jumbo blackberry species. The highest values in Ph, soluble solid content (SSC) and titratable acidity averages were obtained from GA 5 ppm (3.69; 10.80; 2.42) and GA 10 ppm (3.68; 10.70; 2.40) applications; the highest total antioxidant activity in bioactive characteristics averages was found in G 10 ppm 143.21 mg/g, the highest total phenolics was identified in G 5 ppm 72.68 ppm/GAE and the highest total flavonoids was determined in G 10 ppm 4925.75 ppm/QE. Keywords: Blackberry, Melatonin, Quality, Gibberellic aci

Uşak İli Ceviz Yetiştiriciliğinin Teknik Yapısı

Ülkemizde ceviz üretimi günümüzde yaklaşık 200 bin ton olarak belirlenmiştir. Yetiştiricilik tüm bölgelerimizde yapılmasına rağmen, toplam ceviz üretimimizin yaklaşık %32’si Akdeniz ve Ege Bölgelerinden sağlanmaktadır. Bu çalışma, Ege Bölgesinde yer alan Uşak ilinde ceviz yetiştiriciliğinin genel durumunun belirlenmesi amacıyla üreticilerle anket yapılarak gerçekleştirilmiştir. Çalışmada, meyve bahçelerinin %52’sinin 10 dekardan küçük, %27’sinin ise 10-25 dekar arasında olduğu belirlenmiştir. Üreticilerin %61’i bahçe tesisinde 10x10 m ve üzeri dikim mesafelerini tercih etmişlerdir. Ceviz çeşitleri tercihinde Chandler (%34) ve Kaman (%22) ilk sırada yer almıştır. Üreticilerin %80’ni bahçelerini suladıklarını ifade ederken, sulama sistemi olarak bu bahçelerin %49’unda damla sulama tercih edilmiştir. Bahçelerin %85’inde toprak işleme, %82’inde gübreleme, %76’sında budama gibi kültürel ve teknik işlemler uygulanmaktadır. Üreticilerin %70’i bahçelerinden her yıl düzenli ürün alamadıklarını, bunda en büyük payın %85 ile soğuk zararı olduğunu belirtmiştir. Hasat tarihinin belirlenmesinde, üreticilerin %50’si yeşil kabuğun çatlamaya başladığı dönemi dikkate aldıklarını ifade etmişlerdir