Adiponectin, in contrast to leptin, is not associated with body mass index, waist circumference and HOMA-IR in subjects of a west-African population

Factors associated with plasma levels of adiponectin and leptin were studied in adult subjects without diabetes from Cotonou in Benin (West‐Africa). Seventy (70) men and 45 women were included in the study. Anthropometric variables were measured and a venous blood sample was drawn from each subject, after an overnight fasting period, for measurement of plasma glucose, insulin, leptin, and adiponectin levels. HOMA‐IR was determined to assess insulin resistance. Adiponectin and leptin levels were higher in women than in men (with adiponectin 18.48 ± 12.77 vs.7.8 ± 10.39 μg/mL, P < 0.0001, and leptin 30.77 ± 19.16 vs. 8.66 ± 8.24 ng/mL, P < 0.0001). Fasting insulin level and HOMA‐IR were also higher in the females. Hyperleptinemia was observed in 66,96% of subjects and hypoadiponectinemia was present in 44.35% of subjects. In both men and women, leptin correlated with age (r = 0.2; P = 0.02), BMI (r = 0.572; P < 0.0001), waist circumference (r = 0.534; P < 0.0001), fasting insulin (r = 0.461; P < 0.001), and HOMA‐IR (r = 0.430; P < 0.0001). No significant correlation was observed for adiponectin levels with these variables. Only in women, adiponectin was inversely correlated with fasting glucose (r = −0.423; P < 0.004). These data confirm previous descriptions of leptin but suggest that variations in factors determining serum adiponectin levels observed between ethnicities could also been seen between populations from the same ethnicity

Serum Lipid Profile of the Adult Habitual Consumers of Two Traditional Alcoholic Drinks Made in Benin

Alcohol consumption modifies many biological parameters. This study aimed to describe the profile of the serum lipids of adult habitual consumers of Tchoukoutou and Sodabi, two traditional alcoholic drinks made in Benin. We carried out a descriptive, cross-sectional and analytic study from May 1st, 2013 to August 31, 2013. The target of the study was a population consisting of 60 habitual consumers of Tchoukoutou (mean age: 35.8

Adiponectin, in contrast to leptin, is not associated with body mass index, waist circumference and HOMA-IR in subjects of a west-African population

Factors associated with plasma levels of adiponectin and leptin were studied in adult subjects without diabetes from Cotonou in Benin (West‐Africa). Seventy (70) men and 45 women were included in the study. Anthropometric variables were measured and a venous blood sample was drawn from each subject, after an overnight fasting period, for measurement of plasma glucose, insulin, leptin, and adiponectin levels. HOMA‐IR was determined to assess insulin resistance. Adiponectin and leptin levels were higher in women than in men (with adiponectin 18.48 ± 12.77 vs.7.8 ± 10.39 μg/mL, P < 0.0001, and leptin 30.77 ± 19.16 vs. 8.66 ± 8.24 ng/mL, P < 0.0001). Fasting insulin level and HOMA‐IR were also higher in the females. Hyperleptinemia was observed in 66,96% of subjects and hypoadiponectinemia was present in 44.35% of subjects. In both men and women, leptin correlated with age (r = 0.2; P = 0.02), BMI (r = 0.572; P < 0.0001), waist circumference (r = 0.534; P < 0.0001), fasting insulin (r = 0.461; P < 0.001), and HOMA‐IR (r = 0.430; P < 0.0001). No significant correlation was observed for adiponectin levels with these variables. Only in women, adiponectin was inversely correlated with fasting glucose (r = −0.423; P < 0.004). These data confirm previous descriptions of leptin but suggest that variations in factors determining serum adiponectin levels observed between ethnicities could also been seen between populations from the same ethnicity

Polykystose renale autosomique dominante (PKAD) au CNHU-HKM de Cotonou: profil épidémiologique, clinique, biologique et intérêt du dépistage familial

Introduction: Étudier le profil épidémiologique, clinique et paraclinique de la PKAD chez des patients diagnostiqués au CNHU de Cotonou et évaluer l'intérêt d'un dépistage chez les patients à risque. Méthodes: Il s'agit d'une étude transversale comportant une revue de dossiers des patients  cliniquement diagnostiqués PKAD à la clinique universitaire de néphrologie et d'hémodialyse du 1er janvier 2000 au 31 janvier 2011, et une enquête familiale chez les patients où le diagnostic de PKAD a été confirmé entre le 1er février et le 31 Août 2011.Un séquençage à la recherche de mutations dans les gènes de la Polycystine 1 et 2 a été réalisé chez les cas index. Résultats: L'incidence hospitalière de la PKAD était de 7,8 cas par an. Le dépistage familial avait permis d'examiner 99 membres de 22 familles et de confirmer 14 cas de PKAD. L'âge moyen des patients était de 45,6±12,8ans. Le signe physique le plus fréquent était l'hypertension artérielle (HTA (83%). Une  insuffisance rénale chronique était observée dans 75% des cas. Le séquençage direct avait permis de mettre en évidence 7 nouvelles mutations dont 02 mutations dans les gènes PKD2 et 5 dans PKD1. Conclusion: La PKAD relativement fréquente, présente de nouvelles mutations chez les patients  diagnostiqués au CNHU de Cotonou. Le conseil génétique est particulièrement indiqué dans les familles où la maladie rénale a débuté précocement.Key words: Polykystose rénale autosomique dominante, dépistage, mutations PKD2 et PKD

Evaluation of 90-day subchronic oral toxicity of aqueous extract of Gmelina arborea Roxb (Verbenaceae) leaves in Wistar rats

Purpose: To evaluate the 90 day sub-chronic toxicity of aqueous extract of Gmelina arborea leaves in Wistar rats. Methods: Rats were submitted to repeated daily oral administration of extract (250, 62.5 and 15.62 mg/kg) of Gmelina arborea leaves. The control groups were given distilled water and the rats were monitored for any toxicity symptoms as well as body and organs weights, water and food intake changes. The biochemical, haematological and histolopathological parameters were analysed. Results: The 90 days administration of the aqueous extract did not produce any toxicity signs or mortality. In addition, no significant alteration in water or food intake by the rats was observed. Although there were no changes in the body weights, significant decrease in the weight of the kidneys of the rats was observed at 250 mg/kg. Biological parameters as well as the histopathology of liver and kidneys were not significantly affected. Significant decreases were noted in glucose level at the three dose levels. In addition, significant difference in the levels of transaminases, glucose and platelets were observed. Conclusion: The 90-days subchronic toxicity test on Gmelina arborea did not produce any toxic effects. This confirms the safety of the plant leaves by traditional medicine practitioners. Keywords: Gmelina arborea, Subchronic toxicity, Wistars rats, Biological parameter

CHEMICAL COMPOSITION AND ANTIMICROBIAL ACTIVITY OF THE ESSENTIAL OILS OF FOUR VARIETIES OF LIPPIA MULTIFLORA IN BENIN

Objective: Present study involves the study of the chemical composition of the essential oils extracted from the leaves by gas chromatography and gas chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry of Lippia multiflora harvested in the regions of Kétou, Savalou, Bohicon and Mono and tested by the well diffusion method against pathogenic microorganisms.Methods: The essential oils studied are terpene compounds, aromatic compounds, aliphatic compounds and other natural substances. The inhibition zone diameters determined allowed us to evaluate their degree of germ sensitivity of the strains tested. Essential oils extracted from Lippia multiflora harvested in these areas have the most pronounced antimicrobial activity.Results: In total, the essential oils tested have different and specifically a degree of sensitivity against Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25923, Escherichia coli ATCC 25922, Proteus mirabilis A24974, Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae and Pseudomonas aeruginosa except that harvested in the Savalou who does not have no degree of sensitivity on Pseudomonas aeruginosa.Conclusion: This work paves the way for food preservation with extracted natural substances and also the formulation of natural antimicrobials for this fact.                       Peer Review History: Received 12 July 2019;   Revised 9 August; Accepted 1 September, Available online 15 September 2019 Academic Editor: Dr. Gehan Fawzy Abdel Raoof Kandeel, Pharmacognosy Department, National Research Centre, Dokki, 12622,  Giza, Egypt, [email protected]  Received file:                Reviewer's Comments: Average Peer review marks at initial stage: 7/10 Average Peer review marks at publication stage: 9.4/10 Reviewer(s) detail: Rola Jadallah, Arab American University, Palestine, [email protected] Dr. Md. Shahidul Islam, USTC, Chittagong, Bangladesh, [email protected] Similar Articles: ANTIMICROBIAL AND ANTIOXIDANT ACTIVITY OF PSIDIUM GUAJAVA. (GUAVA) MEDICINAL PLANT LEAVES USED IN FOLK MEDICINE FOR TREATMENT OF WOUNDS AND BURNS IN HUFASH DISTRICT AL MAHWEET GOVERNORATE–YEMEN IN-VITRO ANTIBACTERIAL ACTIVITY OF LACTOBACILLI METABOLITES LOADED HYDROGEL FORMULATIONS AGAINST PSEUDOMONAS AERUGINOS

Evaluation of the role of IGF-1, IGFBP-4 and IGFBP-5 in the control of muscle mass and phenotype

Thèse de doctorat en sciences biomédicales (physiologie) (SBIM 3)--UCL, 200

Role of IGF-I and IGFBPs in the changes of mass and phenotype induced in rat soleus muscle by clenbuterol.

Clenbuterol induces hypertrophy and a slow-to-fast phenotype change in skeletal muscle, but the signaling mechanisms remain unclear. We hypothesized that clenbuterol could act via local expression of insulin-like growth factor I (IGF-I). Administration of clenbuterol to 3-mo-old female Wistar rats resulted in a 10 and 13% increase of soleus muscle mass after 3 and 9 days, respectively, reaching 16% after 4 wk. When associated with triiodothyronine, clenbuterol induced a dramatic slow-to-fast phenotype change. In parallel, clenbuterol administration induced in soleus muscle a fivefold increase in IGF-I mRNA levels associated with an eightfold increase in IGF-binding protein (IGFBP)-4 and a fivefold increase of IGFBP-5 mRNA levels on day 3. This increased IGF-I gene expression was associated with an increase in muscle IGF-I content, already detected on day 1 and persisting until day 5 without increase in serum IGF-I concentrations. These data show that muscle hypertrophy induced by clenbuterol is associated with a local increase in muscle IGF-I content. They suggest that clenbuterol-induced muscle hypertrophy could be mediated by local production of IGF-I

Effect of Creatine and Guanidino-Propionic Acid on Myotube Growth

Since the paper of Roger Harris and his collaborators (Clin. Sci. 83: 367-374,1992), creatine has been largely used as an ergogenic supplement, in the hope of improving muscle performance. Recently, positive effects have been observed in patients suffering from neuro-muscular disorders like myopathies, Huntington or Parkinson diseases. A secondary effect, commonly reported, of creatine supplementation is an increase in lean body mass attributed to water retention, muscle hypertrophy or both. In this study, we applied creatine or guanidino-propionic acid (GPA), a creatine analogue, to myotube cultures to test the hypothesis of a possible role of creatine in the mechanism of hypertrophy. C2C12 cells were seeded at 5 × 104 cell/cm2 in DMEM medium (Gibco, Basel, Switzerland) containing 10% of foetal calf serum. When cell confluence reached 70%, the proliferation medium was replaced by a differentiation medium containing 1% horse serum. 20 mM creatine or GPA was added to the medium. Fusion of myobasts into myotubes occurred after 2 days in culture and was completed within 24 hours. Six cultures were prepared in each condition, including a control condition. The myotube content of each culture was counted on the basis of 2 randomly chosen fields. The size of the myotubes was estimated by measuring their diameter. No difference in the number of myotubes in cultures was found. Their diameter was however increased by 40% in the presence of creatine in the medium (P < 0.001) and decreased by 25% in the presence of GPA (P = 0.008). In conclusion, creatine added to the differenciation medium promotes myotube growth while GPA depresses it. As, GPA replaces creatine in the cell and reduces phosphoryl-creatine content, myotube growth could be controlled by the energy status of the cell