Organizational Commitment of IT Professionals in Public Sector

This study focuses on the factors like salary/incentives, interpersonal conflicts, employeesorganization interface, job satisfaction and organizational culture, in order to clarify the behavior of organizational commitment among information technology employees in public sector organizations. The study provides an insight of the culture of public sector organization, which managers may use for the improvement of organizational commitment. The study tested and analyzed the proposed model, which gave valuable results. The result of the study also claims that organizational commitment may be increased

Cloud Based Dedicated Application for Multiple Organizations: Cloud Computing for All Organizations

Desktop applications should be run over the cloud environment. This is the slogan of those organization which are familiar with the cloud computing. Organization's members are not only responsible for smooth running of desktop application but also have a burden of successful running of database server, back & recovery devices, time and cost of human efforts. CBCS (Cloud Based Custom Software) is the solution of such issues. Development companies are responsible for development of CBCS of an organization. Although CBCS is a dedicated service to an organization, but existing CBCS can also dedicate to other organization when development companies will follow the CBDAMO (Cloud Based Dedicated Customized Application for Multiple Organization) technique. This is 6-layer technique which provides a smooth way to development companies for reusing the existing CBCS to new CBCS. Key Words: Cloud Computing, CBCS, DBCS, CBDAMO, Development Companie

Association of obesity and thyroid cancer at a tertiary care hospital in Pakistan

Objective: Thyroid cancer (TC) is one of the most common endocrine malignancies with a rapidly increasing worldwide presence. In Pakistan, it is more prevalent in females than males and has an incidence rate of 2.1%. Obesity and excess body mass index (BMI) has been linked to several cancers and is thought to be a risk factor for TC. We aim to investigate the incidence of TC in our population and understand it\u27s correlation with obesity. Subjects: The study was a retrospective case series conducted in the years 2000 to 2014, at the Aga Khan University Hospital (AKUH), Karachi, Pakistan where 156 patients who had been diagnosed and treated for TC were analyzed. Clinicopathological data was collected from medical records of these patients and weight and height were measured, pre-surgery, post-surgery, and at follow up. The BMI was correlated with patient variables for any significant associations. Results: The patient set comprised of 38.5% males and 61.5% females with a mean age of 47.77 (SD ± 14.35). The BMI was significantly associated with age as 72.8% of participants were obese and \u3e45 years old as compared to 27.2% who were under 45 years and obese (p-value0.999). Conclusion: The majority of-of TC patients among the Pakistani population were obese and female. Age was significantly associated with the risk of having a higher BMI. Moreover, differences in BMI pre and post-surgery could not be statistically proven

Influencing Factors of Job Satisfaction in TechnicalOrganization

The aim of this research is to find out the core factors, which have a strong impact on Job Satisfaction in Technical Organizations in Pakistan. This study discusses the main variableslike Effective Recruitment, Rewards, and Personality of employees and Role of Leadership and their effect on job satisfaction. First hand, data was used in the research and some important recommendations were made for the improvement of Job Satisfaction of employees working at Ufone. It is expected that this study will make comprehensive note to the environment of Ufone especially and every other organization in general, how to make their working environment acceptable to the employees

Determining the potential scalability of transport interventions for improving maternal, child, and newborn health in Pakistan

Background: Pakistan is far behind in achieving the Millennium Development Goals regarding the reduction of child and maternal mortality. Amongst other factors, transport barriers make the requisite obstetric care inaccessible for women during pregnancy and at birth, when complications may become life threatening for mother and child. The significance of efficient transport in maternal and neonatal health calls for identifying which currently implemented transport interventions have potential for scalability. Methods: A qualitative appraisal of data and information about selected transport interventions generated primarily by beneficiaries, coordinators, and heads of organizations working with maternal, child, and newborn health programs was conducted against the CORRECT criteria of Credibility, Observability, Relevance, Relative Advantage, Easy-Transferability, Compatibility and Testability. Qualitative comparative analysis (QCA) techniques were used to analyse seven interventions against operational indicators. Logical inference was drawn to assess the implications of each intervention. QCA was used to determine simplifying and complicating factors to measure potential for scaling up of the selected transport intervention. Results: Despite challenges like deficient in-journey care and need for greater community involvement, community-based ambulance services were managed with the support of the community and had a relatively simple model, and therefore had high scalability potential. Other interventions, including facility-based services, public-sector emergency services, and transport voucher schemes, had limitations of governance, long-term sustainability, large capital expenditures, and need for management agencies that adversely affected their scalability potential. Conclusion: To reduce maternal and child morbidity and mortality and increase accessibility of health facilities, it is important to build effective referral linkages through efficient transport systems. Effective linkages between community-based models, facility-based models, and public sector emergency services should be established to provide comprehensive coverage. Voucher scheme integrated with community-based services may bring improvements in service utilization

Electricity consumption and economic growth: evidence from Pakistan

The prime objective of this study is to examine the long run relationship between real GDP per capita and electricity consumption for Pakistan over the period 1971 to 2008. The results reveal that there is unidirectional causality from electricity consumption to real GDP per capita. The findings of the study also show that there is a long run relationship between real GDP per capita and electricity consumption. The unidirectional causality running from electricity consumption to economic growth indicates that electricity is a limiting factor to economic growth and hence shocks to electricity supply will have a negative impact on economic growth. The implication emerging from this study is that for an electricity-deficient country like Pakistan, where the electricity sector operates at bare capacity margin, there is a need for planning and investment in infrastructure development to fulfill increased electricity demand

Recent developments in the understanding of NSAID-induced liver fibrosis: linking fundamental mechanisms to specific therapy ideas

One of the most often prescribed medicine class worldwide is that of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs. NSAIDs exhibit the action of a common mechanism consisting of cyclooxygenase inhibition, the enzymes in charge of producing prostanoids. NSAIDs are primarily weak organic acids and have been connected to liver disease for multiple decades. Interstitial collagens are produced in excess and deposited in the liver's extracellular matrix, resulting in hepatic fibrosis. Only a few NSAIDs exhibit inherent dose-dependent toxicity. Dietary changes, alcohol abstinence, and antiviral drugs are examples of current therapy. Nevertheless, such etiology-driven treatment is typically inadequate in patients with late-stage fibrosis or cirrhosis. The development of practice guidelines by multidisciplinary panels of experts includes suggestions of helpful remedy options for the particular reason of liver injury, stage of fibrosis, or occurrence of co-morbidities linked to a continuing loss of liver function. We listed the causes of hepatic injuries, including NSAIDs, and the prevailing theories behind anti-fibrotic treatments

A Nexus between Working Capital Management and Profitability: A Case Study of Pharmaceutical Sector in Pakistan

Amongst all the issues of financial management, the issue of routine capital management is critical one. The reason is; it always elucidates a direction to help out a firm to acquire energy in short run. In broader sense, working capital is the sum of those items exposed on firm's balance sheet as short term assets i.e. cash, marketable securities, account receivables and inventories. The central point of this research study is to critically discuss the impact of working capital management on financial outcomes of Pharmaceutical Sector in Pakistan. To attain this land mark researcher also observed the affiliation between independent variables utilized to gauge working capital and profitability measured by return on investment and return on equity of the firm. The present study used secondary data for the analysis. The data utilized in this study is extracted from the annual reports of Pharmaceutical companies quoted in Karachi Stock Exchange (KSE). The current research used different statistical tests to examine the impact of working capital management on profitability. According to the results of regression analysis, the null hypothesis of the study is rejected because all the variables related to working capital negatively affect the profitability of Pharmaceutical firms measured in terms of ROI and ROE. Results of correlation analysis indicate that there is negative relationship between working capital and profitability which is significant at 1% level. Findings of present work suggest that mangers can increase the profitability of the firm by keeping the cash conversion cycle to an optimum level. Keywords: Working Capital Management, Profitability, Pharmaceutical Sector in Pakistan JEL Classification: G

What Does Matter? Liquidity or Profitability: A Case of Sugar Industry in Pakistan

Keeping in mind the Keynes of the Pakistan's Sugar Industry in its overall economic well-being, the current work objects to examine the liquidity-profitability trade off in Sugar Industry of Pakistan. Secondary data of the non-financial companies which are listed on KSE is used for sugar industry over the last five years. Present study used different analytical tools like Reliability Analysis, Descriptive Statistics, Multiple Regression Analysis, Correlation and tests of significance to test the causal linkage in liquidity and profitability. Results of regression analysis showed that, hypothesis one is rejected because liquidity generates positive impact on ROA and found significant at 1% level. Hypothesis two of the current study is rejected because liquidity causes positive impact on ROE and found significant at 1% level. According to regression analysis, hypothesis three is also rejected because liquidity influences ROCE positively and found significant at 1% level. Results of correlation analysis discovered that liquidity of Sugar Mills is positively and significantly correlated with all measures of profitability i.e. ROA, ROE and ROCE. Findings of current research suggest managers to come out of the dilemma with respect to liquidity and profitability tradeoff. It is further concluded that managers can increase the firm's profitability and shareholder's value if they invest effectively and efficiently in liquid assets. Finally this study's results make it important for the reason that it is one of the fewer researches going in contrast to the existing knowledge base. Keywords: Liquidity, Profitability, Trade-off, Sugar Industry of Pakistan JEL Classification: G3

Current state of knowledge of basic life support in health professionals of the largest city in Pakistan: A cross-sectional study

Background: Basic Life Support (BLS) is the recognition of sudden cardiac arrest and activation of the emergency response system, followed by resuscitation, and rapid defibrillation. According to WHO, Pakistan has one of the highest mortality rates from accidental deaths therefore assessment and comparison of BLS knowledge in health professionals is crucial. We thereby aim to assess and compare the knowledge of BLS in doctors, dentists and nurses. Methods: A multi-centric cross-sectional survey was conducted in Karachi at different institutions belonging to the private as well as government sector from January to March 2018. We used a structured questionnaire which was adapted from pretested questionnaires that have been used previously in similar studies. Descriptive statistics were analyzed using SPSS v22.0, where adequate knowledge was taken as a score of at least 50%. P \u3c 0.05 was considered as significant. Logistic regression was used to identify the factors affecting the knowledge regarding BLS in health care professionals. Results: The responders consisted of 140 doctors, nurses and dentists each. Only one individual (dentist) received a full score of 100%. In total, 58.3% of the population had inadequate knowledge. Average scores of doctors, dentists and nurses were 53.5, 43.3 and 38.4% respectively. Doctors, participants with prior training in BLS and those with 6 to 10 years after graduation were found to be a significant predictor of adequate knowledge, on multivariate analysis. Conclusion: Even though knowledge of BLS in doctors is better than that of dentists and nurses, overall knowledge of health care professionals is extremely poor. Present study highlights the need for a structured training of BLS for health care workers