Vanredno stanje i vanredna situacija - komparativni terminološki i sadržinski aspekti

The issue of theoretical definition and distinction between a state of emergency and an emergency is made current in recent national and international literature, as well as in different comparative law normative solutions. Considering the usage inconsistencies of the two terms, this paper attempts to highlight the differences between them, as they essentially carry distinctive legal meanings despite their implied lexical and logical similarity. The paper stresses the necessity of their clearer normative distinction in the Serbian Constitution and legislation. It also emphasizes that an emergency may easily turn into a state of emergency, since natural disasters can be used as a reason to declare both an emergency and a state of emergency. As these two states include different legal regimes, they require more precise normative and theoretical definitions.Problem teorijskog definisanja i razlikovanja pojmova vanrednog stanja i vanredne situacije je danas aktuelizovan kako u domaćoj, tako i u stranoj literaturi, ali i u različitim uporednopravnim normativnim rešenjima. S obzirom na nedoslednosti u korišćenju ova dva pojma, autori su u meri u kojoj je to bilo moguće, nastojali da podvuku razlike između termina koji se na logičkom i leksičkom nivou mogu podrazumevati, ali koji suštinski nose osobena pravna značenja. Autori ukazuju na nužnost njihovog jasnijeg normativnog razgraničenja u srpskom Ustavu i zakonskim rešenjima. Pri tome, posebno ističu mogućnost da vanredna situacija lako prerasta u vanredno stanje, imajući u vidu činjenicu da prirodne nepogode mogu biti povod proglašenja kako vanredne situacije, tako i vanrednog stanja. S obzirom na to da vanredno stanje i vanredna situacija podrazumevaju različite pravne režime, nužno je njihovo preciznije normativno i teorijsko definisanje

Radon exhalation rate of some building materials common in Serbia

It is well-known that radon is the second important human carcinogen for lung cancer, after smoking. The major sources of indoor radon concentrations are soil and building material. Under certain conditions, a dose received from the inhalation of radon and its progenies can be higher than a dose received from the external exposure due to radium concentration in building materials. In this contribution, the results of the radon and thoron exhalation rate measurement from 9 commonly used building materials are reported. Exhalation rate measurements were performed with accumulation chamber method using active device for measurement of radon concentration. © 2019 RAD Association. All rights reserved.Conference of 6th International Conference on Radiation and Applications in Various Fields of Research, RAD 2018 ; Conference Date: 18 June 2018 Through 22 June 2018; Conference Code:14955

The effects of diazinon and its degradation products on oxidative stress parameters in rat brain synaptosomes

In vitro evaluation of oxidative stress responses to various concentrations of diazinon and its degradation products, diazoxon and 2-isopropyl-6-methyl- 4-pyrimidinol (IMP) was investigated by determining antioxidant enzymes activity (catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione peroxidase (GPx)) and lipid peroxidation level in rat brain synaptosomes. Diazinon showed negligible prooxidative properties causing increase in antioxidant enzymes activity and lipid peroxidation level up to 10%. Increasing concentrations of diazinon oxidation product, diazoxon activated CAT (up to 20%), SOD (up to 50%), GPx (up to 25%), and significantly increased the content of lipid peroxidation indicator (up to 50%). The investigated hydrolysis product of diazinon, IMP did not remarkably influence the activity of CAT, GPx and lipid peroxidation level (up to 10%), while it induced SOD stimulation up to 30%

In vitro evaluation of diazinon and its degradation products neurotoxicity potential in rat brain synaptosomes

Toxic effects of diazinon and its degradation products, diazoxon and 2- isopropyl-6-methyl-4-pyrimidinol (IMP), were investigated in vitro by determining the inhibition of acetylcholinesterase (AChE), Na+ /K+ -ATPase and ecto-ATPase activity in rat brain synaptosomes after 1 hour exposure toward varying concentrations. Dose-dependent AChE and Na+ /K+ -ATPase inhibition was obtained in the presence of diazinon, while diazinon concentrations below 0.1 mM did not noticeably affect ecto-ATPase activity. Diazinon oxidation product, diazoxon was found as the most toxic investigated compound. Diazoxon induced dose-dependent and almost complete inhibition of AChE, Na+ /K+ -ATPase and ecto-ATPase at the highest investigated concentration (0.1 mM), while hydrolysis product of diazinon, IMP did not remarkably influence their activities

The particle size distribution of ag powders obtained by chemical and electrochemical processes of synthesis

The particle size distribution and the specific suiface area (SSA) of silver powders obtained by chemical and electrochemical processes ofsynthesis have been analyzed. Silver particles produced by a chemical reaction with hydrazine as the reducing agent consisted of agglomerates of approximately spherical grains. The pine-like dendrites were formed by the potentiostatic electrolysis from the ammonium electrolyte at overpotentials inside and outside the plateau of the limiting diffusion current density. The values ofaverage grain size and SSA for the chemically synthesized powder were between those obtained for the powders produced by electrolysis, that is detailed explained and discussed

Vanredno stanje i vanredna situacija - komparativni terminološki i sadržinski aspekti

The issue of theoretical definition and distinction between a state of emergency and an emergency is made current in recent national and international literature, as well as in different comparative law normative solutions. Considering the usage inconsistencies of the two terms, this paper attempts to highlight the differences between them, as they essentially carry distinctive legal meanings despite their implied lexical and logical similarity. The paper stresses the necessity of their clearer normative distinction in the Serbian Constitution and legislation. It also emphasizes that an emergency may easily turn into a state of emergency, since natural disasters can be used as a reason to declare both an emergency and a state of emergency. As these two states include different legal regimes, they require more precise normative and theoretical definitions.Problem teorijskog definisanja i razlikovanja pojmova vanrednog stanja i vanredne situacije je danas aktuelizovan kako u domaćoj, tako i u stranoj literaturi, ali i u različitim uporednopravnim normativnim rešenjima. S obzirom na nedoslednosti u korišćenju ova dva pojma, autori su u meri u kojoj je to bilo moguće, nastojali da podvuku razlike između termina koji se na logičkom i leksičkom nivou mogu podrazumevati, ali koji suštinski nose osobena pravna značenja. Autori ukazuju na nužnost njihovog jasnijeg normativnog razgraničenja u srpskom Ustavu i zakonskim rešenjima. Pri tome, posebno ističu mogućnost da vanredna situacija lako prerasta u vanredno stanje, imajući u vidu činjenicu da prirodne nepogode mogu biti povod proglašenja kako vanredne situacije, tako i vanrednog stanja. S obzirom na to da vanredno stanje i vanredna situacija podrazumevaju različite pravne režime, nužno je njihovo preciznije normativno i teorijsko definisanje

Digital cadastral map as foundation of coordinate based cadastre of Serbia

The subject of the research is the methodology for the successful production of the digital cadastral map (DCM) database in a new spatial reference system (SRS) of Serbia. The DCM is treated as the basis for establishment of the coordinate based cadastre (CBC) in Serbia. The research is focused on the following: the status of the state survey data especially regarding analogue cadastral maps and state geodetic reference network, production of DCM database, the introduction of a new spatial reference system, and legislation covering this field in Serbia. The existing geodetic/surveying network for cadastral/topographic survey and analogue cadastral maps are analysed in terms of their quality. The research also covers an analysis of present methods and procedures for DCM production using data obtained from various sources. Coordinate differences for DCM points and differences between areas of polygon features obtained using original survey data and those obtained by digitising scanned cadastral maps are analysed. The procedure of legislating information letters and resolutions on changes of areas within the DCM production procedure and the impact of the transition from the Gauss-Kruger to the UTM projection on areas for DCM polygon features are also analysed

In vitro evaluation of neurotoxicity potential and oxidative stress responses of diazinon and its degradation products in rat brain synaptosomes

Although primary toxic action of organophosphorous insecticides is associated with acetylcholinesterase inhibition, later studies suggest that oxidative stress may be responsible for induced organophosphates toxicity. These studies mostly include thio forms, while the effects of their metabolites/ degradation products have been less investigated. Therefore, this paper studies the toxic effects of diazinon degradation products, diazoxon and 2-isopropyl-6-methyl-4-pyrimidinol, and compares them with the toxic potential of the parent compound. The toxicity induced by various concentrations of the investigated compounds was in vitro evaluated by the activities of acetylcholinesterase, ATPases, antioxidant defense enzymes and lactate dehydrogenase, and malondialdehyde level in rat brain synaptosomes. Diazinon inhibited acetylcholinesterase and Na+/K+-ATPase in dose-dependent manner, while the inhibition of ecto-ATPase activity was less than 15% at all investigated concentrations. It did not demonstrate noteworthy prooxidative properties causing increase (up to 10%) in antioxidant enzymes activity and malondialdehyde level, as a marker of lipid peroxidation. Diazinon oxidation product, diazoxon was found as the most toxic investigated compound. Beside the expected strong inhibitory effect on acetylcholinesterase, it induced dose-dependent and almost complete inhibition of Na+/K+-ATPase and ecto-ATPase at the highest investigated concentration (0.1 mM). Increasing diazoxon concentrations activated catalase (up to 30%), superoxide dismutase (up to 50%), glutathione peroxidase (up to 30%), and significantly increased malondialdehyde level (up to 50%). The investigated hydrolysis product of diazinon, 2-isopropyl-6-methyl-4-pyrimidinol did not remarkably alter the activities of acetylcholinesterase, Na+/K+-ATPase, catalase, glutathione peroxidase and lipid peroxidation level (up to about 10%). Although this diazinon metabolite has been known as non toxic, it induced superoxide dismutase stimulation up to 30%. Finally, even high concentrations of both diazinon and its metabolites did noticeably affect lactate dehydrogenase activity as a marker of synaptosomal integrity. The changes in investigated biochemical parameters in rat brain synaptosomes could serve as indicators of toxicity due to the exposure to thio organophosphates and/or their break-down products. (C) 2015 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved

Tehnološki postupak dobijanja metil-estara masnih kiselina iz suncokretovog ulja u prisustvu sirovog biodizela kao kosolventa i kalcijum-oksida kao katalizatora : tehničko rešenje

Tehnološki postupak dobijanja metil-estara masnih kiselina iz suncokretovog ulja u prisustvu sirovog biodizela kao kosolventa i CaO kao katalizatora testiran je na laboratorijskom nivou. Istraživanje je urađeno radi validacije tehnološkog procesa, određivanja prinosa i sastava MEMK, kao i mogućnosti ponovnog korišćenja izdvojenog katalizatora u reakciji, bez ikakvog dodatnog tretmana prečišćavanja ili kalcnacije. Definisan tehnološki postupak je šaržnog tipa i obuhvata sedam faza jednog ciklusa: aktivacija katalizatora, metanoliza suncokretovog ulja, izdvajanje katalizatora centrifugiranjem, uparivanje metil-estarske faze (tj. sirovog biodizela) i sušenje biodizela

Radon exhalation rate of some building materials common in Serbia

It is well-known that radon is the second important human carcinogen for lung cancer, after smoking. The major sources of indoor radon concentrations are soil and building material. Under certain conditions, a dose received from the inhalation of radon and its progenies can be higher than a dose received from the external exposure due to radium concentration in building materials. In this contribution, the results of the radon and thoron exhalation rate measurement from 9 commonly used building materials are reported. Exhalation rate measurements were performed with accumulation chamber method using active device for measurement of radon concentration. © 2019 RAD Association. All rights reserved.Conference of 6th International Conference on Radiation and Applications in Various Fields of Research, RAD 2018 ; Conference Date: 18 June 2018 Through 22 June 2018; Conference Code:14955